ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Individuals can accumulate multiple risk factors for noncommunicable diseases, increasing the chance of adverse health outcomes. We aimed to analyze the temporal trend in the coexistence of risk behaviors for noncommunicable diseases and their association with sociodemographic characteristics among adults in Brazil from 2009 through 2019. METHODS: This cross-sectional study and time-series analysis was based on data collected by the Surveillance System for Risk Factors and Protection for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel) from 2009 through 2019 (N = 567,336). We used item response theory to identify the coexistence of risk behaviors (infrequent consumption of fruits and vegetables, regular consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, smoking, abusive alcohol consumption, insufficient leisure-time physical activity). We used Poisson regression models to assess the temporal trend in the prevalence of the coexistence of noncommunicable disease-related risk behaviors and associated sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS: Risk behaviors that most contributed to the occurrence of coexistence were smoking, consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, and alcohol abuse. Coexistence was more frequent among men and was inversely associated with age and education level. During the study period, we found a significant decrease in coexistence (adjusted prevalence ratio decreased from 0.99 in 2012 to 0.94 in 2019; P = .001), especially before 2015 (adjusted prevalence ratio = 0.94; P = .001). CONCLUSION: We found a reduction in the frequency of the coexistence of noncommunicable disease-related risk behaviors and their association with sociodemographic characteristics. It is necessary to implement effective actions to reduce risk behaviors, especially behaviors that lead to a greater coexistence of those behaviors.
Subject(s)
Noncommunicable Diseases , Adult , Male , Humans , Noncommunicable Diseases/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Risk-Taking , PrevalenceABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare the results of the main risk and protective factors for chronic non-communicable diseases, in the 26 Brazilian capitals and the Federal District, obtained through the National Health Survey (PNS) and the Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (VIGITEL) in 2019. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, in which the difference in prevalence between health behavior indicators investigated by PNS and VIGITEL was calculated. RESULTS: The largest discrepancy between the surveys, PNS (n = 32,111) and VIGITEL (n = 52,443), were observed in relation to leisure-time physical activity (6.8 in percentage points - p.p.), recommended physical activity in the transport domain (7.4 p.p.), and high screen time (21.8 p.p.). Both surveys presented similar prevalence regarding nutritional status, food consumption, smoking, alcohol abuse and negative self-rated health. CONCLUSION: Prevalence in both surveys presented small differences, but point to results in the same direction.
Subject(s)
Telephone , Brazil/epidemiology , Chronic Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Surveys , Humans , Protective Factors , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of heavy episodic drinking in the Brazilian adult population, according to sociodemographic characteristics, in 2013 and in 2019. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using data on heavy episodic drinking among adults (≥ 18 years) from the National Health Survey, analyzed descriptively. RESULTS: 60,202 participants were included in 2013 and 88,531 in 2019. The prevalence of heavy episodic drinking, in 2019 (17.1%; 95%CI 16.6;17.5), was higher than 2013 (13.1%; 95%CI 13.1;14.2). In the two years, there was a higher prevalence among male sex, adults 18 to 39 years old, individuals with high schooling and Black skin color. In addition, higher prevalence were found among residents in urban areas and in the Midwest and Southeast regions. CONCLUSION: The indication of the growing prevalence of alcohol abuse in Brazil and the differences in prevalence, according to sociodemographic characteristics, show the need to encourage public policies and actions to combat its use.
Subject(s)
Alcoholism , Adolescent , Adult , Alcoholism/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Surveys , Humans , Male , Prevalence , Young AdultABSTRACT
Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência do consumo abusivo de bebidas alcoólicas na população adulta brasileira, segundo características sociodemográficas, em 2013 e 2019. Métodos: Estudo transversal, utilizando dados do consumo abusivo de álcool entre adultos ((≥ 18 anos) da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, analisados descritivamente. Resultados: Foram incluídos 60.202 participantes em 2013 e 88.531 em 2019. A prevalência de consumo abusivo de bebidas alcoólicas, em 2019 (17,1%; IC95% 16,6;17,5), foi superior a 2013 (13,1%; IC95% 13,1;14,2). Nos dois anos, verificaram-se maiores prevalências entre o sexo masculino, os adultos de 18 a 39 anos, indivíduos com alta escolaridade, residentes em áreas urbanas e nas regiões Centro-Oeste e Sudeste e de raça/cor da pele preta. Conclusão: O indicativo da crescente prevalência do consumo abusivo de bebidas alcoólicas no Brasil e as diferenças nas prevalências, segundo características sociodemográficas, evidenciam a necessidade de incentivo a políticas públicas e ações de enfrentamento ao seu uso.
Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia del consumo excesivo de alcohol en la población adulta brasileña, según características sociodemográficas, en 2013 y en 2019. Métodos: Estudio transversal utilizando datos sobre abuso de alcohol en adultos ((≥ 18 años) de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud, analizados de forma descriptiva. Resultados: Se incluyeron 60,202 participantes en 2013 y 88.531 en 2019. La prevalencia del consumo excesivo de alcohol, en 2019 (17,1%; IC95% 16,6;17,5), fue mayor que en 2013 (13,1%; IC95% 13,1;14,2). En los dos años, hubo mayor prevalencia entre lo sexo masculino, adultos de 18 y 39 años, personas con estudios secundarios y de piel negra. Además, se encontraron prevalencias más altas entre los residentes en áreas urbanas y en las regiones del Medio Oeste y Sudeste. Conclusión: El indicio de la creciente prevalencia del abuso de alcohol en Brasil y las diferencias, según características sociodemográficas, muestran la necesidad de impulsar políticas públicas y acciones para combatir su uso.
Objective: To describe the prevalence of heavy episodic drinking in the Brazilian adult population, according to sociodemographic characteristics, in 2013 and in 2019. Methods: A cross-sectional study using data on heavy episodic drinking among adults ((≥ 18 years) from the National Health Survey, analyzed descriptively. Results: 60,202 participants were included in 2013 and 88,531 in 2019. The prevalence of heavy episodic drinking, in 2019 (17.1%; 95%CI 16.6;17.5), was higher than 2013 (13.1%; 95%CI 13.1;14.2). In the two years, there was a higher prevalence among male sex, adults 18 to 39 years old, individuals with high schooling and Black skin color. In addition, higher prevalence were found among residents in urban areas and in the Midwest and Southeast regions. Conclusion: The indication of the growing prevalence of alcohol abuse in Brazil and the differences in prevalence, according to sociodemographic characteristics, show the need to encourage public policies and actions to combat its use.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Binge Drinking/epidemiology , Health Risk Behaviors , Brazil/epidemiology , Health Surveys , Health Research AgendaABSTRACT
Objetivo: Descrever e comparar os resultados dos principais fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, nas 26 capitais brasileiras e no Distrito Federal, obtidos pela Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) e pelo Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (Vigitel) em 2019. Métodos: Estudo transversal, no qual se calculou a diferença na prevalência entre os indicadores de comportamentos de saúde investigados pela PNS e Vigitel. Resultados: As maiores discrepâncias entre os inquéritos, PNS (n = 32.111) e Vigitel (n = 52.443), foram observadas para prática de atividade física no lazer (6,8 pontos percentuais - p.p.), prática recomendada no deslocamento (7,4 p.p.) e tempo elevado de tela (21,8 p.p.). Foram semelhantes nos dois inquéritos as prevalências do estado nutricional, consumo alimentar, tabagismo, consumo abusivo de álcool e de autoavaliação negativa do estado de saúde. Conclusão: Os inquéritos apresentaram prevalências com pequenas diferenças, mas que apontam resultados na mesma direção.
Objetivo: Describir y comparar los resultados de los principales factores de riesgo y protección de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, en las 26 capitales brasileñas y el Distrito Federal, obtenido por la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (PNS) y el Sistema de Vigilancia para Factores de Riesgo y Protección de Enfermedades Crónicas por Encuesta Telefónica (Vigitel) en 2019. Métodos: Estudio transversal, que calculó la diferencia de prevalencia entre los indicadores investigados por PNS y Vigitel. Resultados: Las mayores discrepancias entre las encuestas, PNS (n = 32.111) y Vigitel (n = 52.443), fueron práctica de actividad física en el tiempo libre (6,8 puntos porcentuales - p.p.), práctica recomendada de desplazamientos (7,4 p.p.) y tiempo de pantalla elevado (21,8 p.p.). La prevalencia del estado nutricional, consumo de alimentos, tabaquismo, abuso de alcohol y la autoevaluación negativa de la salud fueron similares en ambas encuestas. Conclusión: Las encuestas presentaron prevalencias con pequeñas diferencias, pero que apuntan resultados en la misma dirección.
Objective: To describe and compare the results of the main risk and protective factors for chronic non-communicable diseases, in the 26 Brazilian capitals and the Federal District, obtained through the National Health Survey (PNS) and the Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (VIGITEL) in 2019. Methods: Cross-sectional study, in which the difference in prevalence between health behavior indicators investigated by PNS and VIGITEL was calculated. Results: The largest discrepancy between the surveys, PNS (n = 32,111) and VIGITEL (n = 52,443), were observed in relation to leisure-time physical activity (6.8 in percentage points - p.p.), recommended physical activity in the transport domain (7.4 p.p.), and high screen time (21.8 p.p.). Both surveys presented similar prevalence regarding nutritional status, food consumption, smoking, alcohol abuse and negative self-rated health. Conclusion: Prevalence in both surveys presented small differences, but point to results in the same direction.
Subject(s)
Humans , Chronic Disease/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Noncommunicable Diseases , Brazil/epidemiology , Population Surveillance/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health SurveysABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: To analyze the temporal trend of overweight and obesity prevalence rates among adults in the Brazilian state capitals and Federal District between 2006 and 2019. METHODS: This was a time series study using data from the Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey, 2006-2019 (n=730,309). Prevalence of overweight and obesity for each of the years was analyzed, according to combined sex, age, and schooling. Temporal variation trend was analyzed using Prais-Winsten regression. RESULTS: Variations in overweight prevalence were observed, mainly among males 18-24 years old with up to 8 years of schooling (3.17%/year) and among women between 18-24 years old with more than 12 or more years of schooling (6.81% /year). Variations in obesity prevalence were found mainly among women 18-24 years old with more than 12 years of schooling (10.79%/year). CONCLUSION: There was an increase in overweight and obesity in most of the socio-demographic strata studied, especially among more educated young people.
Subject(s)
Obesity , Overweight , Adolescent , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Educational Status , Female , Humans , Male , Obesity/epidemiology , Overweight/epidemiology , Prevalence , Young AdultABSTRACT
About one third of the most common cancers could be prevented by the reduction of modifiable behavioral risk factors. We aimed to identify behavioral patterns of risk and protective factors for cancer in Brazil, between 2014 and 2015. Data from Vigitel Survey (n = 95,027 adults aged ≥ 18 years) from all Brazilian capitals and Federal District were used. Thirteen risk (RBF) and protective behavioral factors (PBF) for cancer were investigated. RBF included the consumption of red meat, meat with high-fat content, soft drinks, sweets and abusive alcohol, replacement of lunch/dinner for snacks, television viewing, obesity, and smoking. PBF included the consumption of beans, fruits and vegetables, and physical activity practice. Patterns were identified by principal component analysis and linear regressions models assessed its association with sociodemographic characteristics. Four behavioral patterns for cancer were identified. The 'healthy behavior pattern' and the 'unhealthy food consumption pattern' were positively associated to females and schooling. The 'unhealthy behavior pattern' and the 'mixed behavior pattern' were both negatively associated to females, age and schooling. Our data revealed different vulnerable population groups for cancer. Actions for reduction of modifiable behavioral risk factors aiming at cancer prevention should consider distinct approaches by sex, age, and schooling.
Subject(s)
Neoplasms , Vegetables , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diet , Feeding Behavior , Female , Humans , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Neoplasms/etiology , Neoplasms/prevention & control , Protective Factors , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal das prevalências de excesso de peso e obesidade nas capitais brasileiras e no Distrito Federal, 2006-2019. Métodos: Série temporal, sobre dados do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (n=730.309). Analisaram-se as prevalências de excesso de peso e obesidade para cada ano, segundo a combinação de sexo, faixas etárias e níveis de escolaridade. A variação temporal foi analisada por regressão de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: Observaram-se variações das prevalências de excesso de peso, principalmente em homens com 18-24 anos de idade e até 8 anos de estudo (3,17%/ano), e em mulheres de 18-24 anos e ≥12 anos de estudo (6,81%/ano). Observaram-se variações na prevalência de obesidade, principalmente entre mulheres de 18-24 anos e escolaridade ≥12 anos (10,79%/ano). Conclusão: Verificou-se aumento do excesso de peso e obesidade na maioria dos estratos sociodemográficos, especialmente entre jovens de maior escolaridade.
Objetivo: Analizar la tendencia temporal de la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad entre adultos en las capitales brasileñas y el Distrito Federal, 2006-2019. Métodos: Serie temporal con datos del Sistema de Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo y Protección de Enfermedades Crónicas por Encuesta Telefónica, 2006-2019 (n=730.309). Se analizaron, para cada uno de los años la prevalencia de sobrepeso y la obesidad, de acuerdo con las características combinadas de sexo, grupo de edad y nivel educativo. Se analizó la variación temporal por el modelo de regresión de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: otalizaron 730.309 entrevistas en el período. Se observaron variaciones en la prevalencia de sobrepeso, principalmente en hombres, entre 18-24 años, con hasta 8 años de estudio (3,17%/año) y en mujeres, 18-24 años y ≥12 años de estudio (6,81%/año). Se observaron variaciones en la prevalencia de obesidad, principalmente entre mujeres, 18-24 años y ≥12 años de estudio (10,79%/año). Conclusión: Hubo un aumento en el sobrepeso y la obesidad en la mayoría de los estratos sociodemográficos estudiados, especialmente en los jóvenes con más estudio.
Objetivo: To analyze the temporal trend of overweight and obesity prevalence rates among adults in the Brazilian state capitals and Federal District between 2006 and 2019. Methods: This was a time series study using data from the Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey, 2006-2019 (n=730,309). Prevalence of overweight and obesity for each of the years was analyzed, according to combined sex, age, and schooling. Temporal variation trend was analyzed using Prais-Winsten regression. Results: Variations in overweight prevalence were observed, mainly among males 18-24 years old with up to 8 years of schooling (3.17%/year) and among women between 18-24 years old with more than 12 or more years of schooling (6.81% /year). Variations in obesity prevalence were found mainly among women 18-24 years old with more than 12 years of schooling (10.79%/year). Conclusion: There was an increase in overweight and obesity in most of the socio-demographic strata studied, especially among more educated young people.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Body Mass Index , Overweight/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Time Series Studies , Health Surveys , Health Status DisparitiesABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the temporal trend of overweight and obesity prevalences, among adults in Brazilian capitals and the Federal District, 2006-2019. Methods: Time series using data from the Surveillance System for Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey, 2006-2019 (n=730,309). The prevalence of overweight and obesity for each of the years was analyzed, according to characteristics of sex, age, and schooling combined. The temporal trend was analyzed by PraisWinsten regression. Results: Variations in the prevalence of overweight were observed, mainly, in men, 18-24 years old with less than 8 years of study (3.17%/year) and women, between 18-24 years old with more than 12 years of study (6.81% /year). Bigger increases in the prevalence of obesity were observed, mainly, in women, 18-24 years old with more than 12 years of study (10.79%/year). Conclusion: There was an increase in overweight and obesity in most of the studied socio-demographic strata, especially in more educated young people
Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal das prevalências de excesso de peso e obesidade nas capitais brasileiras e no Distrito Federal, Brasil, 2006-2019. Métodos: Série temporal, sobre dados do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (n=730.309). Analisou-se as prevalências de excesso de peso e obesidade para cada ano, segundo a combinação de sexo, faixas etárias e níveis de escolaridade. A variação temporal foi analisada por regressão de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: Observaram-se variações das prevalências de excesso de peso, principalmente em homens com 18-24 anos de idade e até 8 anos de estudo (3,17%/ano), e em mulheres de 18-24 anos e ≥12 anos de estudo (6,81%/ano). Observaram-se variações na prevalência de obesidade, principalmente entre mulheres de 18-24 anos e escolaridade ≥12 anos (10,79%/ano). Conclusão: Verificou-se aumento do excesso de peso e obesidade na maioria dos estratos sociodemográficos, especialmente entre jovens de maior escolaridade.
ABSTRACT
This article presents the history and construction of the National Health Survey (PNS) 2019, a household survey conducted in partnership with the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The objective was to provide the country with information on the determinants, conditions and health needs of the Brazilian population. The expected sample was 108,525 households, considering a non-response rate of 20%. The questionnaire had three parts: (i) regarding the household; (ii) to all residents of the household, focusing on the collection of socioeconomic and health information; and (iii) aimed at the selected resident (15 years or more) for whom lifestyles, chronic diseases, violence, among other topics were investigated, and anthropometric measures (sub-sample) were measured. The PNS information will serve as a basis for the (re)formulation of health policies, as well as support for existing actions and programs of the Unified Health System.
Este artigo apresenta o histórico e a construção da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) 2019, inquérito de base domiciliar realizado em parceria com a fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. O objetivo da PNS 2019 foi dotar o país de informações sobre os determinantes, condicionantes e necessidades de saúde da população brasileira. A amostra prevista foi de 108.525 domicílios particulares, considerando-se uma taxa de não resposta de 20%. Seu questionário continha três partes, orientadas para (i) o domicílio, (ii) todos os moradores do domicílio, com enfoque na coleta de informações socioeconômicas e de saúde, e (iii) o morador selecionado (idade ≥15 anos), sobre o qual investigou-se estilos de vida, doenças crônicas, violências, entre outros temas, e aferiu-se medidas antropométricas (subamostra). As informações da PNS 2019 servirão de base para a (re)formulação de políticas de saúde e subsídio a ações e programas existentes do Sistema Único de Saúde.
ABSTRACT
The study aimed to analyze the time trend in the consumption of fruits and vegetables among adults in Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District from 2008 to 2016. This was a time series study with data from the VIGITEL survey from 2008 to 2016 (n = 463,817). The study analyzed the prevalence of regular consumption (≥ 5 days/week) and recommended consumption (≥ 5 times/day) of fruits and vegetables, for each of the years, for the complete set of the evaluated population and according to sex, age group, schooling, and location. Presence of linear trend (increase or decrease) in the indicators' variation was analyzed by Prais-Winsten regression. There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in prevalence of regular consumption (from 33 to 35.2%, an increase of 1.86%/year) and recommended consumption of fruits and vegetables (from 20 to 24.4%, an increase of 3.32%/year). A similar trend was identified in the percentage of the population meeting the recommended consumption in most of the population strata, with the highest increase in men (4%/year vs. 3.05%/year for women), young adults (3.97%/year in the 18-24-year group vs. 2.30%/year in the 55-64-year group), those with low schooling (2.97%/year for 0 to 8 years of schooling vs. 2.76%/year for 12 years or more), and less developed regions of Brazil (5.02%/year in the North vs. 2.6%/year in the Southeast). There was an increase in the consumption of fruits and vegetables, especially among groups with lower levels of consumption at the start of the study period. However, three out of four individuals still consumed fewer fruits and vegetables than recommended.
Analisar a tendência temporal do consumo de frutas e hortaliças entre adultos nas capitais brasileiras e no Distrito Federal no período entre 2008 e 2016. Trata-se de um estudo de série temporal, com dados do VIGITEL de 2008 a 2016 (n = 463.817). Analisou-se o percentual de consumo regular (≥ 5 dias/semana) e recomendado (≥ 5x/dia) de frutas e hortaliças, para cada um dos anos, para o conjunto completo da população e segundo sexo, faixa de idade, nível de escolaridade e localidade. A presença de tendência linear (de aumento ou diminuição) na variação dos indicadores foi analisada por meio da regressão Prais-Winsten. Verificou-se aumento significativo (p < 0,05) na prevalência de consumo regular (de 33 a 35,2%, aumento de 1,86%/ano) e de consumo recomendado de frutas e hortaliças (de 20 a 24,4%, aumento de 3,32%/ano). Tendência semelhante foi identificada para o percentual da população atendendo a recomendação de consumo na maior parte dos estratos populacionais, com maior magnitude de aumento entre: homens (4%/ano vs. 3,05%/ano para as mulheres), adultos jovens (3,97%/ano para aqueles com idades entre 18 e 24 anos vs. 2,3%/ano para os que têm de 55-64 anos), aqueles com menor escolaridade (2,97%/ano para aqueles com 0-8 anos de estudos vs. 2,76%/ano para os com 12 anos ou mais) e residentes em regiões menos desenvolvidas (5,02%/ano na Região Norte vs. 2,6%/ano na Região Sudeste). Observou-se aumento do consumo de frutas e hortaliças especialmente entre os grupos com menor nível de consumo no início do período estudado. No entanto, 3 a cada 4 indivíduos permanecem consumindo menos frutas e hortaliças do que o recomendado.
El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la tendencia temporal del consumo de frutas y hortalizas entre adultos en las capitales brasileñas y Distrito Federal durante el período entre 2008 y 2016. Se trata de un estudio de serie temporal, con datos procedentes de VIGITEL entre 2008 y 2016 (n = 463.817). Se analizó el porcentaje de consumo regular (≥ 5 días/semana) y recomendado (≥ 5x/día) de frutas y hortalizas, en cada uno de los años, para el conjunto completo de la población y según sexo, franja de edad, nivel de escolaridad y lugar de residencia. La presencia de una tendencia lineal (de aumento o disminución) en la variación de los indicadores se analizó mediante la regresión Prais-Winsten. Se verificó un aumento significativo (p < 0,05) en la prevalencia del consumo regular (de 33 a 35,2%, un aumento de 1,86%/año) y del consumo recomendado de frutas y hortalizas (del 20 al 24,4%, un aumento de 3,32%/año). Una tendencia semejante se identificó respecto al porcentaje de la población que respondía a la recomendación de consumo en la mayor parte de los estratos poblacionales, con mayor magnitud de aumento entre: hombres (4%/año vs. 3,05%/año para las mujeres), adultos jóvenes (3,97%/año para aquellos con edad entre 18 y 24 años vs. 2,30%/año para aquellos con 55-64 años), aquellos con menor escolaridad (2,97%/año para aquellos de 0 a 8 años de estudios vs. 2,76%/año para aquellos con 12 años o más) y residentes en regiones menos desarrolladas (5,02%/año en la región norte vs. 2,6%/año en la región sudeste). Se observó un aumento del consumo de frutas y hortalizas, especialmente, entre los grupos con menor nivel de consumo durante el inicio del período estudiado. No obstante, 3 de cada 4 individuos siguen consumiendo menos frutas y hortalizas de lo recomendado.
Subject(s)
Diet/trends , Feeding Behavior , Fruit , Vegetables , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Brazil , Diet/statistics & numerical data , Educational Status , Female , Health Surveys , Humans , Interviews as Topic , Male , Middle Aged , Nutrition Surveys , Residence Characteristics , Risk Factors , Urban Population , Young AdultABSTRACT
Resumo: Analisar a tendência temporal do consumo de frutas e hortaliças entre adultos nas capitais brasileiras e no Distrito Federal no período entre 2008 e 2016. Trata-se de um estudo de série temporal, com dados do VIGITEL de 2008 a 2016 (n = 463.817). Analisou-se o percentual de consumo regular (≥ 5 dias/semana) e recomendado (≥ 5x/dia) de frutas e hortaliças, para cada um dos anos, para o conjunto completo da população e segundo sexo, faixa de idade, nível de escolaridade e localidade. A presença de tendência linear (de aumento ou diminuição) na variação dos indicadores foi analisada por meio da regressão Prais-Winsten. Verificou-se aumento significativo (p < 0,05) na prevalência de consumo regular (de 33 a 35,2%, aumento de 1,86%/ano) e de consumo recomendado de frutas e hortaliças (de 20 a 24,4%, aumento de 3,32%/ano). Tendência semelhante foi identificada para o percentual da população atendendo a recomendação de consumo na maior parte dos estratos populacionais, com maior magnitude de aumento entre: homens (4%/ano vs. 3,05%/ano para as mulheres), adultos jovens (3,97%/ano para aqueles com idades entre 18 e 24 anos vs. 2,3%/ano para os que têm de 55-64 anos), aqueles com menor escolaridade (2,97%/ano para aqueles com 0-8 anos de estudos vs. 2,76%/ano para os com 12 anos ou mais) e residentes em regiões menos desenvolvidas (5,02%/ano na Região Norte vs. 2,6%/ano na Região Sudeste). Observou-se aumento do consumo de frutas e hortaliças especialmente entre os grupos com menor nível de consumo no início do período estudado. No entanto, 3 a cada 4 indivíduos permanecem consumindo menos frutas e hortaliças do que o recomendado.
Abstract: The study aimed to analyze the time trend in the consumption of fruits and vegetables among adults in Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District from 2008 to 2016. This was a time series study with data from the VIGITEL survey from 2008 to 2016 (n = 463,817). The study analyzed the prevalence of regular consumption (≥ 5 days/week) and recommended consumption (≥ 5 times/day) of fruits and vegetables, for each of the years, for the complete set of the evaluated population and according to sex, age group, schooling, and location. Presence of linear trend (increase or decrease) in the indicators' variation was analyzed by Prais-Winsten regression. There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in prevalence of regular consumption (from 33 to 35.2%, an increase of 1.86%/year) and recommended consumption of fruits and vegetables (from 20 to 24.4%, an increase of 3.32%/year). A similar trend was identified in the percentage of the population meeting the recommended consumption in most of the population strata, with the highest increase in men (4%/year vs. 3.05%/year for women), young adults (3.97%/year in the 18-24-year group vs. 2.30%/year in the 55-64-year group), those with low schooling (2.97%/year for 0 to 8 years of schooling vs. 2.76%/year for 12 years or more), and less developed regions of Brazil (5.02%/year in the North vs. 2.6%/year in the Southeast). There was an increase in the consumption of fruits and vegetables, especially among groups with lower levels of consumption at the start of the study period. However, three out of four individuals still consumed fewer fruits and vegetables than recommended.
Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la tendencia temporal del consumo de frutas y hortalizas entre adultos en las capitales brasileñas y Distrito Federal durante el período entre 2008 y 2016. Se trata de un estudio de serie temporal, con datos procedentes de VIGITEL entre 2008 y 2016 (n = 463.817). Se analizó el porcentaje de consumo regular (≥ 5 días/semana) y recomendado (≥ 5x/día) de frutas y hortalizas, en cada uno de los años, para el conjunto completo de la población y según sexo, franja de edad, nivel de escolaridad y lugar de residencia. La presencia de una tendencia lineal (de aumento o disminución) en la variación de los indicadores se analizó mediante la regresión Prais-Winsten. Se verificó un aumento significativo (p < 0,05) en la prevalencia del consumo regular (de 33 a 35,2%, un aumento de 1,86%/año) y del consumo recomendado de frutas y hortalizas (del 20 al 24,4%, un aumento de 3,32%/año). Una tendencia semejante se identificó respecto al porcentaje de la población que respondía a la recomendación de consumo en la mayor parte de los estratos poblacionales, con mayor magnitud de aumento entre: hombres (4%/año vs. 3,05%/año para las mujeres), adultos jóvenes (3,97%/año para aquellos con edad entre 18 y 24 años vs. 2,30%/año para aquellos con 55-64 años), aquellos con menor escolaridad (2,97%/año para aquellos de 0 a 8 años de estudios vs. 2,76%/año para aquellos con 12 años o más) y residentes en regiones menos desarrolladas (5,02%/año en la región norte vs. 2,6%/año en la región sudeste). Se observó un aumento del consumo de frutas y hortalizas, especialmente, entre los grupos con menor nivel de consumo durante el inicio del período estudiado. No obstante, 3 de cada 4 individuos siguen consumiendo menos frutas y hortalizas de lo recomendado.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Vegetables , Diet/trends , Feeding Behavior , Fruit , Urban Population , Brazil , Residence Characteristics , Nutrition Surveys , Interviews as Topic , Risk Factors , Health Surveys , Diet/statistics & numerical data , Educational StatusABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Inadequate dietary patterns in childhood and adolescence are a major risk factor for the early onset of obesity and other chronic diseases. OBJECTIVES: To identify and to analyze dietary patterns among Brazilian adolescents. METHODS: Data from the Brazilian National School Health Survey (PeNSE) of 2015 were used (n = 10,926 adolescents). The identification and analyses of dietary patterns were calculated using principal component analysis and linear regression, respectively. RESULTS: Two dietary patterns were identified. The first one was characterized by the presence of markers of unhealthy eating, and the second one by markers of healthy eating. The adherence to the unhealthy pattern was positively associated with female adolescents, which mothers had completed, at least, the elementary school, residents in developed regions and urban areas, as well as those students who usually chose to skip breakfast, to not have meals with their parents/guardians, and who usually had meals while watching TV/studying, and at fast food restaurants. DISCUSSION: Analyses of the consumption of isolated food groups, which do not consider the diet in all its complexity, have been insufficient in explaining the main outcomes of the public health nutrition area. CONCLUSION: Our findings contributed to the identification of the most vulnerable population groups to unhealthy dietary patterns and to the understanding of the coexistence of different food habit determinants among adolescents.
INTRODUçÃO: Padrões inadequados de alimentação na infância e na adolescência são um dos principais fatores de risco para o aparecimento precoce da obesidade e de outras doenças crônicas. OBJETIVOS: Identificar e analisar os padrões alimentares entre os adolescentes brasileiros. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar de 2015 (n = 10.926 adolescentes). A identificação e a análise dos padrões alimentares foram realizadas por meio da análise de componentes principais e pela regressão linear, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: Dois padrões foram identificados: o primeiro, caracterizado por marcadores de uma alimentação não saudável; e o segundo, por marcadores de uma alimentação saudável. A adesão ao padrão não saudável esteve positivamente associada aos adolescentes do sexo feminino, que possuem mães com, ao menos, ensino fundamental completo, que residem em regiões mais desenvolvidas e em área urbana, bem como entre aqueles que possuem o hábito de não tomar café da manhã, não realizar as refeições com os pais/responsáveis, se alimentar enquanto estuda ou assiste TV e frequentar restaurantes fast-food. DISCUSSÃO: Análises do consumo de grupos alimentares isolados, que não consideram a dieta em toda a sua complexidade, têm se mostrado insuficientes na explicação dos principais desfechos da área de nutrição em saúde pública. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados contribuíram para a identificação de grupos populacionais mais vulneráveis ao padrão alimentar não saudável e para a compreensão da coexistência de diferentes determinantes ao hábito alimentar entre os adolescentes.
Subject(s)
Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Diet Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Diet/statistics & numerical data , Feeding Behavior/psychology , Adolescent , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diet/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Mothers/statistics & numerical data , Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data , Sex Distribution , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyse trends in sweetened beverages consumption among adults in Brazil between 2007 and 2016. DESIGN: A time-series analysis, with data from the Surveillance System of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (VIGITEL). The prevalence of regular consumption (≥5 d/week), the average daily consumption (millilitres) and the prevalence of non-consumption of these beverages were analysed. The temporal variations of the indicators were calculated by linear regression. The analyses were performed for the complete set of the evaluated population and stratified by sociodemographic characteristics. SETTING: Brazilian capitals and Federal District. SUBJECTS: Brazilian adults aged ≥18 years (n 519 641). RESULTS: There was a reduction in both regular and average daily consumption of sugar- and artificially sweetened beverages (-1·28 percentage points (pp)/year, P=0·001 and -9·63 ml/year, P=0·001, respectively). The same result regarding regular consumption was found when only sugar-sweetened beverages were analysed (-1·11 pp/year, P=0·011). Similar trends were identified in the stratified analyses, with a greater magnitude of reduction among males, young adults, those with higher schooling and residents of more developed regions. Coincidentally, there was an increase in the prevalence of adults who did not consume sweetened beverages (1·54 pp/year, P=0·005). CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of sweetened beverages decreased during the period. However, a significant portion of the population still referred a daily consumption of these beverages.
Subject(s)
Beverages/statistics & numerical data , Diet/trends , Dietary Sucrose/administration & dosage , Energy Intake , Sweetening Agents/administration & dosage , Adult , Aged , Brazil , Female , Humans , Interviews as Topic , Male , Middle Aged , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
RESUMO: Introdução: Padrões inadequados de alimentação na infância e na adolescência são um dos principais fatores de risco para o aparecimento precoce da obesidade e de outras doenças crônicas. Objetivos: Identificar e analisar os padrões alimentares entre os adolescentes brasileiros. Métodos: Foram utilizados dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar de 2015 (n = 10.926 adolescentes). A identificação e a análise dos padrões alimentares foram realizadas por meio da análise de componentes principais e pela regressão linear, respectivamente. Resultados: Dois padrões foram identificados: o primeiro, caracterizado por marcadores de uma alimentação não saudável; e o segundo, por marcadores de uma alimentação saudável. A adesão ao padrão não saudável esteve positivamente associada aos adolescentes do sexo feminino, que possuem mães com, ao menos, ensino fundamental completo, que residem em regiões mais desenvolvidas e em área urbana, bem como entre aqueles que possuem o hábito de não tomar café da manhã, não realizar as refeições com os pais/responsáveis, se alimentar enquanto estuda ou assiste TV e frequentar restaurantes fast-food. Discussão: Análises do consumo de grupos alimentares isolados, que não consideram a dieta em toda a sua complexidade, têm se mostrado insuficientes na explicação dos principais desfechos da área de nutrição em saúde pública. Conclusão: Os achados contribuíram para a identificação de grupos populacionais mais vulneráveis ao padrão alimentar não saudável e para a compreensão da coexistência de diferentes determinantes ao hábito alimentar entre os adolescentes.
ABSTRACT: Introduction: Inadequate dietary patterns in childhood and adolescence are a major risk factor for the early onset of obesity and other chronic diseases. Objectives: To identify and to analyze dietary patterns among Brazilian adolescents. Methods: Data from the Brazilian National School Health Survey (PeNSE) of 2015 were used (n = 10,926 adolescents). The identification and analyses of dietary patterns were calculated using principal component analysis and linear regression, respectively. Results: Two dietary patterns were identified. The first one was characterized by the presence of markers of unhealthy eating, and the second one by markers of healthy eating. The adherence to the unhealthy pattern was positively associated with female adolescents, which mothers had completed, at least, the elementary school, residents in developed regions and urban areas, as well as those students who usually chose to skip breakfast, to not have meals with their parents/guardians, and who usually had meals while watching TV/studying, and at fast food restaurants. Discussion: Analyses of the consumption of isolated food groups, which do not consider the diet in all its complexity, have been insufficient in explaining the main outcomes of the public health nutrition area. Conclusion: Our findings contributed to the identification of the most vulnerable population groups to unhealthy dietary patterns and to the understanding of the coexistence of different food habit determinants among adolescents.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Diet Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Diet/statistics & numerical data , Feeding Behavior/psychology , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil , Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data , Cross-Sectional Studies , Sex Distribution , Diet/psychology , Mothers/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Este estudo objetivou analisar, na perspectiva dos alunos, o Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde (PET-Saúde) de uma universidade pública de Belo Horizonte-MG em seu primeiro ano e seu impacto na formação dos discentes. Estudo de coorte prospectivo com os alunos participantes do PET-Saúde, com dados coletados por questionário estruturado e autoaplicado, aos seis e dez meses do programa, com questões sociodemográficas, de avaliação da metodologia, objetivos e impacto do programa. A maioria relatou que os objetivos propostos foram alcançados, destacando o trabalho interdisciplinar e a produção acadêmica voltada para as necessidades do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O programa também contribuiu para a formação profissional nas áreas de pesquisa, ensino e extensão, sendo que na segunda avaliação, os discentes relataram maior interação com equipamentos sociais. Acredita-se que o PET-Saúde constitui importante estratégia de formação de recursos humanos conforme as necessidades do SUS, por possibilitar o exercício do trabalho em equipe, da comunicação, agilidade e criatividade para lidar com situações adversas, bem como a vivência dos princípios da Atenção Primária integrados à comunidade.
This study sought to analyze the Education Program for Work in Health from the perspective of students at a public university in Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, in their first year and its impact on the students' qualification. It is a prospective cohort study with students who participated on this program, and the data was collected by a structured and self-applied questionnaire, during the sixth and tenth months of the program, with sociodemographic questions, methodology, aims and impact of the program. The majority reported that the program's proposed aims were attained, especially interdisciplinary work and academic research focused on the Unified Health System's needs. The program also contributed to training in research, teaching and extension work, and in the second evaluation, the students reported greater interaction with social equipment. It is considered that the program is an important strategy for human resources training in accordance with the Unified Health System's needs, by enabling the exercise of teamwork, communication, agility and creativity to deal with adverse situations, as well as the practice of the primary health care principles integrated in the community.
