ABSTRACT
Diffusion bonding of Ti6Al4V to Al2O3 using Ni/Ti reactive nanomultilayers as interlayer material was investigated. For this purpose, Ni/Ti multilayer thin films with 12, 25, and 60 nm modulation periods (bilayer thickness) were deposited by d.c. magnetron sputtering onto the base materials' surface. The joints were processed at 750 and 800 °C with a dwell time of 60 min and under a pressure of 5 MPa. Microstructural characterization of the interfaces was conducted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The mechanical characterization of the joints was performed by nanoindentation, and hardness and reduced Young's modulus distribution maps were obtained across the interfaces. The joints processed at 800 °C using the three modulation periods were successful, showing the feasibility of using these nanolayered films to improve the diffusion bonding of dissimilar materials. Using modulation periods of 25 and 60 nm, it was also possible to reduce the bonding temperature to 750 °C and obtain a sound interface. The interfaces are mainly composed of NiTi and NiTi2 phases. The nanoindentation experiments revealed that the hardness and reduced Young's modulus at the interfaces reflect the observed microstructure.
ABSTRACT
We present two configurations of an amplified fiber-optic-based corrosion sensor using the optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) technique as the interrogation method. The sensor system is multipoint, self-referenced, has no moving parts and can measure the corrosion rate several kilometers away from the OTDR equipment. The first OTDR monitoring system employs a remotely pumped in-line EDFA and it is used to evaluate the increase in system reach compared to a non-amplified configuration. The other amplified monitoring system uses an EDFA in booster configuration and we perform corrosion measurements and evaluations of system sensitivity to amplifier gain variations. Our experimental results obtained under controlled laboratory conditions show the advantages of the amplified system in terms of longer system reach with better spatial resolution, and also that the corrosion measurements obtained from our system are not sensitive to 3 dB gain variations.
