Erratum: 541 A Framework for Multicultural and Multidisciplinary Near-Peer Mentoring for Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Education: A University of Florida Friend Group - CORRIGENDUM.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1017/cts.2024.462.].

Evaluating performance on the Glittre-ADL test in men with long COVID 3 years after a SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Background/objective: Many COVID-19 survivors, especially those who have been hospitalized, have been suffering numerous complications that limit their activities of daily living, although changes that persist 3 years after infection are still not known. We aimed to investigate the impact of long COVID on the Glittre-ADL test (TGlittre) 3 years after acute infection in men who needed hospitalization and explore whether the performance on the TGlittre is associated with impairments in lung function, muscle strength, physical function and quality of life (QoL). Methods: Cross-sectional study with 42 men with long COVID who took the TGlittre. They underwent pulmonary function tests and measurements of handgrip strength and quadriceps strength (QS). Additionally, they also completed the Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Results: The mean age was 52 ± 10.6 years, while the mean time after diagnosis of COVID-19 was 37 ± 3.5 months. The mean TGlittre time was 3.3 (3.1-4.1) min, which was 10% greater than the time expected for normal individuals to complete it. The TGlittre time was correlated significantly with the QS (rs = -0.397, p = 0.009), pulmonary diffusion (rs = - 0.364, p = 0.017), FIM (rs = -0.364, p = 0.017) and the "activity" domain score of the SGRQ (rs = 0.327, p = 0.034). Conclusion: Functional capacity on exertion as measured by the TGlittre time is normal in most men with long COVID 3 years after hospitalization. However, this improvement in functional capacity does not seem to be reflected in muscle strength or QoL, requiring continued monitoring even after 3 years.

Sleep quality and regular physical activity in reducing cardiac risk.

BACKGROUND: Adolescents with sedentary behavior, spending many hours in front of the television and electronic devices, develop early involvement of cardiovascular disease and obesity. These sedentary behaviors increased significantly in this age group during the pandemic of 2020/2021. Sleep directly influences aspects of health, such as blood pressure and cardiac autonomic balance and exercise has a protective effect on these same physiological parameters. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine whether or not physically active adolescents positively influence HRV and cardiovascular parameters despite poor sleep quality. METHODS: This is an analytic and transversal study. Sleep quality, physical activity levels, blood pressure, and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured. Two-way ANOVA and Tuckey post hoc test evaluated the difference between groups. RESULTS: Among 352 adolescents entrolled, mean age was 15.8 ± 0.24 years. It was observed that compared to the physically active group with poor sleep quality, the sedentary poor sleep quality group presented a more significant deficit in blood pressure and autonomic parameters such as pNN50, SD1, and HF. CONCLUSION: Adolescents who practiced physical activity regularly have shown better HRV and sleep quality compared with sedentary adolescents.

Uma análise dos principais diagnósticos de Sars-cov-2 disponíveis no Brasil: uma revisão de literatura / Diagnosis and main types of coronavirus in humans: a narrative review / Diagnóstico y principales tipos de coronavirus en humanos: una revisión narrativa

Introdução: Com a emergência do SARS-CoV-2 foi disponibilizado uma grande quantidade de ferramentas de diagnóstico. Neste contexto, a falta de vacina, de tratamento e o grande número de casos graves e morte, possibilitou a aprovação emergencial de diversos testes, que ainda necessitam de estudos populacionais para seu registro definitivo. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão de literatura para avaliar as metodologias de diagnóstico disponíveis no Brasil, de acordo com a realidade local de saúde, explorando o momento epidemiológico a complexidade do teste e a finalidade da sua aplicação. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico, descritivo do tipo revisão de literatura. Foram utilizadas as seguintes bases de dados científicos para buscas: PUBMED, MEDLINE, LILACS E COCHRANE LIBRARY, através de descritores selecionados na plataforma DECS. Resultados: O cenário de diversos ensaios, baseados em diferentes metodologias, como os testes baseados em RNA viral, em detecção de antígenos virais ou de anticorpos, associados ao conhecimento da história natural do vírus, possibilita uma análise crítica do melhor diagnóstico de acordo com a clínica do paciente, os epidemiológicos, o objetivo do diagnóstico e a acurácia do ensaio. Atualmente, há mudança no padrão imunológico da população e a descrição de tipos e subtipos de SARS-CoV-2 com mudanças gênicas, que podem levar a mudanças na acurácia diagnóstica ou a re-emergência em surtos de doença grave. Conclusão: Ainda é incerto o caminho evolutivo da história natural da Covid-19 e os ensaios diagnósticos estão em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento, validação e produção e cada tipo de teste tem suas próprias vantagens e desvantagens distintas inerentes a plataforma tecnológica de origem e uma combinação de tipos de testes usados em momentos diferentes pode ser útil para a condução clínica dos pacientes e no controle da pandemia por SARS-CoV-2.

Introduction: With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, a large number of diagnostic tools were made available. In this context, the lack of vaccine, treatment and the large number of severe cases and death, allowed the emergency approval of several tests, which still require population studies for their definitive registration. Objective: To carry out a literature review to evaluate the diagnostic methodologies available in Brazil, according to the local health reality, exploring the epidemiological moment, the complexity of the test and the purpose of its application. Methodology: This is a bibliographic, descriptive study of the literature review type. The following scientific databases were used for searches: PUBMED, MEDLINE, LILACS AND COCHRANE LIBRARY, through selected descriptors on the DECS platform. Results: The scenario of several tests, based on different methodologies, such as tests based on viral RNA, on detection of viral antigens or antibodies, associated with knowledge of the natural history of the virus, allows a critical analysis of the best diagnosis according to the patient's clinical, epidemiological, diagnostic objective and assay accuracy. Currently, there is a change in the immune pattern of the population and the description of types and subtypes of SARS-CoV-2 with genetic changes, which can lead to changes in diagnostic accuracy or the re-emergence in outbreaks of severe disease. Conclusion: The evolutionary path of the natural history of Covid-19 is still uncertain and diagnostic assays are at different stages of development, validation and production and each type of test has its own distinct advantages and disadvantages inherent in the technology platform of origin and a combination of types of tests used at different times can be useful for the clinical management of patients and in the control of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Introducción: Con la aparición del SARS-CoV-2, se dispuso de un gran número de herramientas diagnósticas. En este contexto, la falta de vacuna, tratamiento y el gran número de casos graves y muerte, permitieron la aprobación de urgencia de varias pruebas, que aún requieren estudios poblacionales para su registro definitivo. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión bibliográfica para evaluar las metodologías diagnósticas disponibles en Brasil, de acuerdo con la realidad sanitaria local, explorando el momento epidemiológico, la complejidad de la prueba y la finalidad de su aplicación. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio bibliográfico, descriptivo, del tipo revisión de literatura. Para las búsquedas se utilizaron las siguientes bases de datos científicas PUBMED, MEDLINE, LILACS Y COCHRANE LIBRARY, a través de descriptores seleccionados en la plataforma DECS. Resultados: El escenario de varias pruebas, basadas en diferentes metodologías, como pruebas basadas en el ARN viral, en la detección de antígenos virales o anticuerpos, asociado al conocimiento de la historia natural del virus, permite un análisis crítico del mejor diagnóstico de acuerdo con la clínica del paciente, epidemiológica, objetivo diagnóstico y precisión de la prueba. Actualmente, hay un cambio en el patrón inmunológico de la población y la descripción de tipos y subtipos de SARS-CoV-2 con cambios genéticos, que pueden conducir a cambios en la precisión diagnóstica o la reaparición en brotes de enfermedad grave. Conclusiones: El camino evolutivo de la historia natural del Covid-19 es aún incierto y los ensayos de diagnóstico se encuentran en diferentes etapas de desarrollo, validación y producción y cada tipo de prueba tiene sus propias ventajas y desventajas distintas inherentes a la plataforma tecnológica de origen y una combinación de tipos de pruebas utilizadas en diferentes momentos puede ser útil para el manejo clínico de los pacientes y en el control de la pandemia de SARS- CoV-2.

Associations of the Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea With Age-Related Comorbidities: A Population-Based Study.

Aging is accompanied by changes in the quantity and quality of sleep. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is also more prevalent in the older population. Although severe OSA has been linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease regardless of adult age, clinical consequences of mild-to-moderate OSA in the older adults are still uncertain. Objectives: To investigate the relationships between severity and metabolic, cognitive, and functional characteristics in community-dwelling older adults from a representative sample of the city of São Paulo. Methods: In total, 199 participants of the first follow-up of the São Paulo Epidemiologic Sleep Study (EPISONO, São Paulo, Brazil) >60 years were cross-sectionally assessed through questionnaires, physical evaluations, laboratory tests, and full in-lab polysomnography (PSG). Three groups according to the OSA severity were compared according to sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measures, PSG parameters, the frequency of comorbidities, and the use of medications. Results: Participants' age ranged from 60 to 87 years with a mean of 70.02 ± 7.31, 59.8% female. In the univariate analysis, body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) (p = 0.049) and waist circumference (p = 0.005) were significantly higher in the participants with moderate OSA, but not among those with severe OSA. Participants with severe OSA had a higher arousal index (p = 0.007). Multivariate analysis showed that severe OSA was significantly associated with hypertension (p = 0.005), heart diseases (p = 0.025), and the use of two or more medications (p = 0.035). Conclusion: In a population-based study, severe, but not mild-to-moderate, OSA in older adults was associated with hypertension and the use of more medications. As age advances, anthropometric indicators of obesity may not increase the risk of severe OSA.

Possible influences of vitamin D levels on sleep quality, depression, anxiety and physiological stress in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a case control study.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D deficiency on sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and physiological stress in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We screened for COPD patients with normal (NorVD) (n=24) and insufficient (InsVD) (n=7) vitamin D levels. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), the Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), the Beck depression inventory (BDI) and the Baevsky's stress index were used for the sleep and psychometric evaluation. The evaluation of sleep quality by PSQI showed that NorVD individuals had higher duration and quality of sleep when compared with the InsVD group. Additionally, the group InsVD presented higher risk of developing sleep quality (OR=6.20; 95% CI=1.334, 29.013; p=0.009). BDI was higher in the InsVD, and this group had a higher risk of developing moderate and severe depression (OR=3.37; 95% CI=0.895, 12.722; p=0.03). The stress index indicated higher values in the InsVD in relation to the NorVD group (InsVD=24±0.8 vs. NorVD=16±0.9), and the group InsVD showed higher risk of developing high and very high physiological stress (OR=7.70; 95% CI=1.351, 43.878; p=0.01). The stress and sleep quality effects were negatively correlated with vitamin D levels. Insufficient levels of vitamin D negatively affect sleep quality and psychometric variables.

Renal Abnormalities Caused by Canine Distemper Virus Infection in Terminal Patients.

The aim of this study was to analyze the glomerular and tubular alterations in dogs with terminal distemper through light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. Thirteen animals with a molecular diagnosis of distemper and neurological signs were selected. As a control group, 10 clinically healthy animals with no manifestations or signs of disease and with negative tests for Ehrlichia sp., Anaplasma sp., and Babesia sp. were included in this study. Renal tissue was evaluated by light microscopy, topochemistry for DNA/chromatin, and video image analysis to detect the nuclear phenotypes of the renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs), immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. Results showed that dogs with distemper exhibited anemia, hypergammaglobulinemia, and proteinuria. Creatinine in the distemper group was lower compared to the control group (p = 0.0026), but there was no significant difference in relation to urea (p = 0.9876). Although this alteration may be due to the smaller muscle mass observed in animals with distemper, it probably is not of clinical importance. Glomerular and tubular lesions were confirmed by light microscopy in 84.6% of these animals. Additional findings in the animals with distemper included deposition of different classes of immunoglobulins, particularly IgM in 92.3% of the cases, fibrinogen deposition in 69.2% of the cases as assessed by immunofluorescence, alterations in the nuclear phenotypes of the RTEC characterized by condensation of chromatin, loss of DNA and reduction in the nuclear shape, and the presence of subendothelial and mesangial electron-dense deposits. These findings confirm the existence of renal alterations related to terminal distemper.

Avaliação microbiológica de sorvetes comercializados na cidade de Pouso Alegre ­ MG / Microbiological evaluation of ice cream sold in the city of Pouso Alegre - MG

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de sorvetes comercializados na cidade de Pouso Alegre ­ MG. Foram adquiridas 2 amostras de sorvete de 18 sorveterias em um intervalo de 30 dias totalizando 36 amostras. As amostras de sorvetes foram submetidas às análises para enumeração de coliformes totais, coliformes termotolerantes, Estafilococos coagulase positiva e Salmonella spp. As análises foram realizadas segundo os protocolos da American Public Health Association descrita no Compendium of methods for the microbiological examination of foods. Neste estudo não foram encontradas espécies de Salmonella spp. entretanto, houve amostras contaminadas por E. coli e Estafilococos coagulase positiva.13,89% das amostras analisadas estavam fora dos padrões estabelecidos. Verificou-se ainda a presença de coliformes totais em 77,78% e de Staphylococcus sp. em 36,11% e, embora a legislação vigente não mencione limites de contaminação para estes microrganismos, pode-se dizer que a matéria-prima estava contaminada, que as condições higiênicas, no processamento e armazenamento estavam inadequados para este produto. As amostras analisadas obtidas de sorveterias da região central foram as mais contaminadas, onde foi encontrada a presença de E. coli e Estafilococos coagulase positiva. A presença desses microrganismos sugere falhas em algum momento do processamento, armazenamento ou da venda destes produtos tornando-os inadequados, podendo não só causar uma deterioração mais rápida do sorvete, mas também colocando em risco a saúde do consumidor

This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality of ice cream sold in the city of Pouso Alegre ­ MG. Two ice cream samples were acquired from 18 ice cream parlors in a 30-day interval, totaling 36 samples. The ice cream samples were subjected to analysis for enumeration of total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, coagulase positive Staphylococci and Salmonella spp. The analyzes were performed according to the protocols of the American Public Health Association described in the Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods. In this study no species of Salmonella spp. were found, however, there were samples contaminated by E. coli and coagulase positive Staphylococci. 13.89% of the analyzed samples were outside the established standards. It was also verified the presence of total coliforms in 77.78% and Staphylococcus sp. in 36.11% and, although the current legislation does not mention contamination limits for these microorganisms, it can be said that the raw material was contaminated, that the hygiene, processing and storage conditions were inadequate for this product. The analyzed samples obtained from ice cream parlors in the central region were the most contaminated, where the presence of E. coli and coagulase positive Staphylococci was found. The presence of these microorganisms suggests failures at some point in the processing, storage or sale of these products, making them unsuitable and not only causing a faster deterioration of the ice cream, but also putting the consumer's health at risk

Ouabain-Na+/K+-ATPase Signaling Regulates Retinal Neuroinflammation and ROS Production Preventing Neuronal Death by an Autophagy-Dependent Mechanism Following Optic Nerve Axotomy In Vitro.

Ouabain is a classic Na+K+ATPase ligand and it has been described to have neuroprotective effects on neurons and glial cells at nanomolar concentrations. In the present work, the neuroprotective and immunomodulatory potential of ouabain was evaluated in neonatal rat retinal cells using an optic nerve axotomy model in vitro. After axotomy, cultured retinal cells were treated with ouabain (3 nM) at different periods. The levels of important inflammatory receptors in the retina such as TNFR1/2, TLR4, and CD14 were analyzed. We observed that TNFR1, TLR4, and CD14 were decreased in all tested periods (15 min, 45 min, 24 h, and 48 h). On the other hand, TNFR2 was increased after 24 h, suggesting an anti-inflammatory potential for ouabain. Moreover, we showed that ouabain also decreased Iba-1 (microglial marker) density. Subsequently, analyses of retrograde labeling of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) were performed after 48 h and showed that ouabain-induced RGC survival depends on autophagy. Using an autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine), we observed a complete blockage of the ouabain effect. Western blot analyses showed that ouabain increases the levels of autophagy proteins (LC3 and Beclin-1) coupled to p-CREB transcription factor and leads to autophagosome formation. Additionally, we found that the ratio of cleaved/pro-caspase-3 did not change after ouabain treatment; however, p-JNK density was enhanced. Also, ouabain decreased reactive oxygen species production immediately after axotomy. Taken together, our results suggest that ouabain controls neuroinflammation in the retina following optic nerve axotomy and promotes RGC neuroprotection through activation of the autophagy pathway.

Análise do perfil sociodemográfico, laboral e dos riscos ocupacionais de agentes comunitários de saúde / Analysis of the sociodemographic, work profile and occupational risks of community health agents / Análisis del perfil sociodemográfico, laboral y riesgos ocupacionales de los agentes de salud comunitarios

Objetivo: delinear o perfil sociodemográfico e laboral de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde bem como investigar os riscos ocupacionais aos quais estão expostos em um município da Região Nordeste. Método: realizado por meio de um questionário autoaplicado com 64 sujeitos, constituído por duas seções: uma relativa aos dados sociodemográficos e laborais e outra com questões acerca dos riscos ocupacionais. Resultados: a maioria dos participantes é do gênero feminino, casada, com o ensino médio completo, fez curso de qualificação, reside na microárea que trabalha e cumpre 40 horas semanais. Elencou-se 5 variáveis como riscos ocupacionais, sendo elas: contato com pessoas infectantes, agressão física, desgaste emocional, problemas interpessoais e ataques de animais. Conclusão: é imperativo que tal profissional seja reconhecido pelo seu potencial. Ademais, que possa ter as suas demandas atendidas e compreendidas, especialmente no que concerne ao modo de enfrentamento às adversidades laborais, o que o faz ser tão suscetível ao adoecimento, comprovado nessa pesquisa

Objective: to outline the sociodemographic and work profile of Community Health Agents as well as to investigate the occupational risks to which they are exposed in a municipality in the Northeast Region. Method: conducted by means of a self-administered questionnaire with 64 subjects, consisting of two sections: one related to sociodemographic and work data and the other with questions about occupational risks. Results: most of the participants are female, married, with complete high school, took a qualification course, live in the micro area that works and work 40 hours a week. Five variables were listed as occupational risks, namely: contact with infectious people, physical aggression, emotional exhaustion, interpersonal problems and attacks by animals. Conclusion: it is imperative that such a professional is recognized for his potential. Furthermore, that he can have his demands met and understood, especially with regard to coping with adversity at work, which makes him so susceptible to illness, as evidenced in this research

Objetivo: esbozar el perfil sociodemográfico y laboral de los Agentes Comunitarios de Salud así como investigar los riesgos laborales a los que están expuestos. Método: realizado mediante un cuestionario autoadministrado con 64 sujetos, que consta de dos apartados: uno relacionado con datos sociodemográficos y laborales y otro con preguntas sobre riesgos laborales. Resultados: la mayoría de los participantes son mujeres, casadas, con bachillerato completo, cursaron un curso de calificación, viven en el área micro que trabaja y trabajan 40 horas semanales. Se enumeraron cinco variables como riesgos laborales, a saber: contacto con personas infecciosas, agresión física, agotamiento emocional, problemas interpersonales y ataques de animales. Conclusión: es imperativo que dicho profesional sea reconocido por su potencial. Además, que sus demandas sean atendidas y comprendidas, especialmente en lo que respecta al afrontamiento de las adversidades laborales, que lo hacen tan susceptible a la enfermedad, como se evidencia en esta investigación

Antifungal activity of a novel 3-Alkylpyridine analog derived from Marine sponge alkaloids.

Candida spp. is considered an important cause of healthcare-associated infections worldwide. Currently, the emergence and spread of resistant Candida isolates are being increasingly reported, making the development of new agents urgently needed. In this study, we showed the in vitro anti-Candida activity of seven synthetic 3-alkylpyridine alkaloid analogs. Among them, alkaloid 1 presented a potent antifungal effect, which was independent of its capacity of binding with the fungal membrane ergosterol or cell wall. Analog 1 showed fungistatic and fungicidal effects against C. albicans (MIC 7.8 µg/mL and MFC 62.5 µg/mL), C. glabrata, C. krusei (MIC and MFC 31.2 µg/mL), and C. tropicalis (MIC 31.2 µg/mL and MFC 125 µg/mL). The time kill-curve study showed that compound 1 has a potent fungicidal effect in vitro, eliminating C. albicans cells. Furthermore, an in vitro synergistic effect with ketoconazole was observed for compound 1. This compound also eliminated the yeast-to-hypha transition. However, it showed high cytotoxicity against mammalian cells. Taken together, these findings support the use of compound 1 as a prototype to develop new anti-Candida agents, but molecular modifications should be done to minimize the high cytotoxicity obtained.

Optimizing forest road planning in a sustainable forest management area in the Brazilian Amazon.

The construction of forest roads in Brazilian Amazon is costly and has a significant environmental impact. Several practices and principles must be observed to comply with legislation, to preserve the remaining forest, and to ensure sustainable exploitation. Road planning is complex in this context, based on the number of aspects and variables that must be considered. This research aimed to evaluate computational methods' effectiveness in planning forest roads, optimizing resources to reduce damage to the remaining forest, compared to traditional planning methods. The study area was a native forest under a sustainable forest management regime located in municipalities of Terra Santa and Oriximiná, in Pará, in Brazilian Amazon. Data obtained from area made it possible formulate six instances of different sizes. A binary integer linear programming model was used, solved using CPLEX software, and Dijkstra, Bellman-Ford, Dial, and D'Esopo-Pape shortest path algorithm, implemented in C programming language. During processing of instances, the time taken to obtain the solution increased according to size of instance, however, time difference was not significant. Among the evaluated algorithms, the D'Esopo-Pape algorithm showed the best performance. The evaluated methods were effective in obtaining an optimal solution for proposed forest road planning. The solutions obtained using computational methods more effectively considered the restrictions associated with sustainable forest management, in contrast to those derived from the traditional planning by forestry company.

Design, synthesis, and biodistribution studies of new analogues of marine alkaloids: Potent in vitro and in vivo fungicidal agents against Candida spp.

Invasive candidiasis, such as intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC), is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. IAC is still poorly understood, and its treatment represents a challenge for public health. In this study, we showed the in vitro anti-Candida activity of four alkaloid synthetic derivatives and their antifungal potential in a murine model of IAC. The biological effects of alkaloids were evaluated against Candida spp. through the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). For the alkaloids that showed antifungal activity, the fungicidal concentration, time-kill curve, synergism with azoles and polyenes, phenotypic effects, and the effect against virulence factors were also determined. The most active alkaloids were selected for in vivo assays. The compounds 6a and 6b were active against C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. tropicalis (MIC 7.8 µg/mL) and showed promising antifungal activity against C. krusei (MIC 3.9 µg/mL). The compound 6a presented a potent fungicidal effect in vitro, eliminating the yeast C. albicans after 8 h of incubation at MIC. An important in vitro synergistic effect with ketoconazole was observed for these two alkaloids. They also induced the lysis of fungal cells by binding to the ergosterol of the membrane. Besides that, 6a and 6b were able to reduce yeast-to-hyphal transition in C. albicans, as well as inhibit the biofilm formation of this pathogen. In the in vivo assay, the compound 6a did not show acute toxicity and was mainly absorbed by the liver, spleen, and lung after a parenteral administration. Also, this analogue significantly reduced the fungal load of C. albicans on the kidney and spleen of animals with IAC. Therefore, these results showed that the compound 6a is a potent anti-Candida agent in vitro and in vivo.

Antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities of chalcone-bearing tetrahydropyranyl and 2,4-dihydroxyl moieties / Actividad antibacteriana, antifungica y antiviral de las chalconas que contienen los grupos tetrahidropiranilo y 2,4-dihidroxilo / Atividades antibacteriana, antifúngica e antiviral de chalconas funcionalizadas com os grupos tetrahidropiranil e 2,4-dihidroxil

SUMMARY Chalcones highlights as an important structure in medicinal chemistry and thus has been widely used as a template in the development of new drugs. In this study, we aim to determine the antibacterial, anti-Candida, and anti-Dengue potential of new chalcone-bearing 2,4-dihydroxyl and tetrahydropyranyl moieties. Antimicrobial activity assays showed that microorganism of the Staphylococcus genus (including methicillin-resistant strains) were susceptible to 2,4-dihydroxychalcones, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging of 19.5 to 125 µg.mL-1. Compound 4e, which showed the highest bacteriostatic effect, also has bactericidal activity from of 80 µg.mL-1. The growth of oral isolates of Candida albicans was also efficiently inhibited with compound 4e (MIC: 15.6-32.3 µg.mL-1), which was fungicidal at 15.6 µg.mL-1. However, the presence of the tetrahydropyranyl moiety impaired both the antibacterial and antifungal effects. None of the chalcones tested were actives against Dengue virus serotype 2. In conclusion, the compound 4e showed good anti-Staphylococci and anti-Candida activity and may be a promising prototype for the development of new antimicrobial agents.

RESUMEN Las chalconas se destacan como una estructura importante en la química médica y, por lo tanto, se ha empleado como prototipo para el desarrollo de nuevos fármacos. En este estudio, nuestro objetivo fue determinar el potencial antibacteriano, anti Candida y anti-Dengue de las nuevas chalconas que poseen los grupos 2,4-dihidroxilo y tetrahidropiranilo. El ensayo de actividad antimicrobiana mostró que las bacterias del género Staphylococcus (incluidas las cepas resistentes a la meticilina) fueron sensibles a las 2,4-dihidroxicalconas estudiadas, con concentraciones inhibitorias mínimas (CIM) que oscilan entre 19,5 y 125 µg.mL-1. El compuesto 4e, que tuvo el mejor efecto bacteriostático, también mostró un efecto bactericida a partir de la concentración de 80 µg.mL-1. El crecimiento de los aislamientos orales de Candida albicans también se inhibió eficientemente con el compuesto 4e (CIM: 15.6-32.3 µg.mL-1), que fue fungicida a una concentración de 15.6 µg.mL-1. Sin embargo, la presencia del grupo tetrahidropiranilo perjudicó la actividad antibacteriana y anti-fúngica de los análogos de la chalcona. Además, ninguno de los compuestos evaluados mostró un efecto contra el virus del dengue serotipo 2. En conclusión, el compuesto 4e muestra una buena actividad anti-estafilocócica y anti-Candida y puede ser un prototipo prometedor para el desarrollo de nuevos agentes antimicrobianos.

RESUMO As chalconas se destacam como uma importante estrutura na química medicinal e dessa forma tem sido empregada como um protótipo para o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos. Nesse estudo, nós objetivamos determinar o potencial antibacteriano, anti-Candida, e anti-Dengue de novas chalconas que possuem os grupos 2,4-dihidroxil e tetrahidropiranil. O ensaio de atividade antimicrobiana mostrou que bactérias do gênero Staphylococcus (incluindo linhagens resistentes a meticilina) foram sensíveis para as 2,4-dihidroxichalconas estudadas, com concentrações inibitórias mínimas (CIM) variando de 19,5 para 125 Dengue potential of new chalcone µg.mL-1. O composto 4e, o qual apresentou o melhor efeito bacteriostático, também mostrou efeito bactericida a partir da concentração de 80 µg.mL-1. O crescimento de isolados orais de Candida albicans foi também eficientemente inibido com o composto 4e (CIM: 15.6-32.3 µg.mL-1), o qual foi fungicida a concentração de 15,6 µg.mL-1. Entretanto, a presença do grupo tetrahidropiranil prejudicou a atividade antibacteriana e antifúngica dos análogos de chalcona. Adicionalmente, nenhum dos compostos avaliados mostrou efeito contra o vírus da dengue sorotipo 2. Em conclusão, o composto 4e apresenta boa atividade anti-estafilocóccica e anti-Candida, e pode ser um promissor protótipo para o desenvolvimento de novos agentes antimicrobianos.

Computational techniques applied to volume and biomass estimation of trees in Brazilian savanna.

The Brazilian Savannah, known as Cerrado, has the richest flora in the world among the savannas, with a high degree of endemic species. Despite the global ecological importance of the Cerrado, there are few studies focused on the modeling of the volume and biomass of this forest formation. Volume and biomass estimation can be performed using allometric models, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques and mixed regression models. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the use of AI techniques and mixed models to estimate the volume and biomass of individual trees in vegetation of Brazilian central savanna. Numerical variables (diameter at height of 1.30 m of ground, total height, volume and biomass) and categorical variables (species) were used for the training and fitting of AI techniques and mixed models, respectively. The statistical indicators used to evaluate the training and the adjustment were the correlation coefficient, bias and Root mean square error relative. In addition, graphs were elaborated as complementary analysis. The results obtained by the statistical indicators and the graphical analysis show the great potential of AI techniques and mixed models in the estimation of volume and biomass of individual trees in Brazilian savanna vegetation. In addition, the proposed methodologies can be adapted to other biomes, forest typologies and variables of interest.

Prognoses of diameter and height of trees of eucalyptus using artificial intelligence.

Models of individual trees are composed of sub-models that generally estimate competition, mortality, and growth in height and diameter of each tree. They are usually adopted when we want more detailed information to estimate forest multiproduct. In these models, estimates of growth in diameter at 1.30m above the ground (DBH) and total height (H) are obtained by regression analysis. Recently, artificial intelligence techniques (AIT) have been used with satisfactory performance in forest measurement. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of two AIT, artificial neural networks and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, to estimate the growth in DBH and H of eucalyptus trees. We used data of continuous forest inventories of eucalyptus, with annual measurements of DBH, H, and the dominant height of trees of 398 plots, plus two qualitative variables: genetic material and site index. It was observed that the two AIT showed accuracy in growth estimation of DBH and H. Therefore, the two techniques discussed can be used for the prognosis of DBH and H in even-aged eucalyptus stands. The techniques used could also be adapted to other areas and forest species.

Influência dos braquetes convencionais ou autoligados nos parâmetros periodontais ­ revisão / Influence of conventional or self-ligated brackets on periodontal parameters - literature review

O aspecto retentivo dos braquetes promove alterações na microbiota bucal podendo causar danos, às vezes irreversíveis, ao periodonto de sustentação. Há uma controvérsia quanto à associação do desenho dos braquetes com o aumento quantitativo e as alterações qualitativas no microbioma periodontal. Braquetes autoligados supostamente acumulariam menor quantidade de biofilme que os braquetes convencionais devido à ausência das ligaduras elásticas. Mas, existem outras variáveis que intercedem na retenção do biofilme. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo revisar a literatura sobre as alterações microbiológicas que se associam ao uso de braquetes convencionais ou autoligados. A literatura analisada mostrou que para entender o perfil microbiológico e suas alterações deve-se além de comparar o desenho dos braquetes, considerar o tipo de material, a retentividade dos sítios onde os braquetes estão instalados e o padrão de higiene bucal. Ainda não está claro se as alterações microbiológicas observadas se restringem ao período de tratamento ortodôntico ativo ou se elas permanecem mesmo após a remoção dos braquetes. É possivel concluir que a presença de braquetes ortodônticos aumenta a quantidade de biofilme e induz alterações da microbiota, que podem, em alguns casos, serem apenas transitórias. Porém ainda não está claro quais são as reais diferenças entre braquetes convecionais e autoligados no que se refere à colonização microbiana. (AU)

The retentive bracket design promotes changes in the oral microbiome and it can cause damage, sometimes irreversible, to periodontal supportive tissues. The association between bracket design with qualitative changes and quantitative bacterial increase in periodontal microbiome is controversial. Self-ligating brackets would supposedly accumulate less biofilm then conventional brackets due to the absence of elastic ligature. However, other variables could influence biofilm retention. Thus, the present study aimed at reviewing the literature on microbiological changes associated with the use of conventional or self - ligating brackets. The analyzed literature showed that the understandingregarding microbiological profile and related changesrequires evaluation of material type, retentive nature of sites where the brackets are installed, oral hygiene pattern in adittion to bracket design. It is not clear if observed microbiological changes are restricted to the period of active orthodontic treatment or if they remain even after bracketsremoval. It is possible to conclude that the presence of orthodontic brackets increases the amount of biofilm and promotes changes in microbiome, which may in some cases be only transitory. However, it is still not clear what are the real differences between conventional and selfligating brackets regarding microbial colonization. (AU)

Associação entre Alteração da Glicemia de Jejum, Cognição e Capacidade Funcional de Idosos / Association Between Impaired Fasting Glycemia, Cognition and Reduced Functional Capacity of Elderly People

Objetiva-se investigar a possível associação entre a alteração da glicemia de jejum, o déficit cognitivo e a redução da capacidade funcional. Foram selecionados 802 idosos com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos que foram submetidos às questões incluídas na Avaliação Geriatrica Ampla (AGA), no Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM), no teste da Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS) e nos testes de Atividade da Vida Diária (AVD), além do exame laboratorial da glicemia de jejum. A análise dos resultados mostrou que há relação entre alteração da glicemia de jejum, o declínio cognitivo e a redução da capacidade funcional. Os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que a hiperglicemia de jejum é um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento da diminuição do desempenho cognitivo e para a redução da capacidade funcional de idosos

Objective: to investigate the possible association between altered fasting glycemia, cognitive deficit and reduced functional capacity. Methods: 802 elderly individuals aged over 60 years were selected. The elderly were submitted to evaluations that are included in Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment, Mini Mental State Examination and Daily Life Activity and Geriatric Depression Scale tests, as well as the laboratory blood glucose test. Results: The analysis of the results showed that there is a relationship between fasting glycemia, cognitive decline and functional capacity reduction. Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that fasting hyperglycemia is a risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment and reduced functional capacity of the elderly

Caracterización de la cámara anterior con la pentacam hr en los pacientes atendidos en la clínica de optometria de la universidad santo tomás

Objetivo: Caracterizar la cámara anterior de 1140 exámenes de topografía con la Pentacam HR clasificando el ángulo, profundidad y volumen. Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: hombres, mujeres y exámenes con especificación de la calidad correcta y reproducible. Resultados: Mediana de la profundidad de la cámara anterior: en mujeres 2.98 mm y hombres 3.07 mm, mediana del ángulo de la cámara anterior: mujeres de 37.4° y hombres 39.7° y mediana del volumen de la cámara anterior: mujeres 160 mm3 y hombres 171 mm3; las tres variables con diferencias estadísticamente significativas por sexo. Conclusión: La población estudio tiene baja frecuencia de cámara anterior estrecha (13,8%), de ángulo cerrado (16,7%) y volumen de la cámara anterior disminuido (15,9%); pero específicamente, los pacientes mayores de 44 años y las mujeres tienen menor profundidad, menor ángulo y menor volumen de la cámara anterior.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to characterize the anterior chamber of 1140 topography exams with Pentacam HR, classifying the angle, depth and volume. Method: Retrospective descriptive observational study. Inclusion criteria: male, female and exams with replicable and proper quality specifications. Results: Anterior chamber depth median (2.98 mm in females and 3.07 mm in males); anterior chamber angle median (37.4° in females and 39.7° in males); anterior chamber volume median (160 mm3 in females and 171 mm3 in males). All three variables with statistically significant differences by gender. Conclusion: The population studied shows low frequency of narrow anterior chamber (13.8%), angle-closure (16.7%) and reduced volume of anterior chamber (15.9%); but specifically, patients over 44 and women have less depth, a more acute angle and lower volume of anterior chamber.

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a câmara anterior de 1140 exames de topografia com a Pentacam HR, classificando o ângulo, profundidade e volume. Método: Estudo retrospectivo observacional descritivo. Critérios de inclusão: homens, mulheres e exames com as especificações de qualidade replicáveis e adequadas. Resultados: Mediana da profundidade da câmara anterior (2,98 mm em mulheres e 3,07 mm em homens); mediana do ângulo da câmara anterior (37,4° em mulheres e 39,7 ° em homens); mediana do volume da câmara anterior (160 mm3 em mulheres e 171 mm3 em homens). Todas as três variáveis apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas por sexo. Conclusão: A população estudada apresenta baixa freqüência de câmara anterior estreita (13,8%), de ângulo fechado (16,7%) e volume reduzido de câmara anterior (15,9%); mas especificamente, pacientes com mais de 44 anos e mulheres têm menor profundidade, um ângulo mais agudo e menor volume de câmara anterior.

Educação permanente em saúde para reabilitação de crianças com a síndrome congênita do zika vírus na II regional de saúde de Pernambuco / Educação permanente em saúde para reabilitação de crianças com síndrome congênita do vírus zika na II regional de saúde de Pernambuco

O presente projeto objetivou apresentar um contexto atual do impacto que a Síndrome Congênita do Zika Vírus (SCZV) exerce sobre o aspecto emocional, a qualidade de vida, as estratégias de enfrentamento e à rede de apoio às famílias das crianças afetadas. Um surto alarmante e inédito de Saúde Pública ocorrido em 2015, apresentando um conjunto de sinais e sintomas além da microcefalia. Ancorado no avanço dos estudos realizados, busca-se refletir sobre intervenções que contribuam para a descentralização dos serviços de reabilitação, afim de obter repercussão e ganhos para as crianças, famílias e equipes de saúde envolvidas. Neste sentido propõe-se o aperfeiçoamento técnico das equipes de reabilitação municipais, considerando as especialidades para estimulação às crianças com a SCZV, bem como, garantir ações de acompanhamento do desenvolvimento infantil e reabilitação nas redes de atenção à saúde. Nestes casos específicos, evidencia-se a necessidade da articulação e diálogo entre as unidades especializadas e a Atenção Básica para o acompanhamento qualificado e integral dessas crianças, considerando tal complexidade pouco conhecida da SCZV. As ações de capacitação e qualificação a serem desenvolvidas no seminário serão utilizadas como forma de qualificar os serviços de reabilitação através do aperfeiçoamento do profissional e do uso de técnicas adequadas para o estímulo dessas crianças.(AU)