Body mass index, dental caries and sugar intake in 2-5 year-old preschoolers

AIM: To determine the association between dental caries, Body Mass Index (BMI) and sugar intake in children attending primary school. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 91 children, with mean age of 3.9 years (sd = ±1.0), considering anthropometric measurements, according to standardized methodology of the Ministry of Health and occurrence of dental caries was recorded from clinical examinations (dmft). The sugar intake level was measured with a questionnaire that was applied to parents/caretakers of the children. The association of the variables was checked using a correlation with the Contingency C coefficient test. RESULTS: 33 (36.3%) children were at risk for overweight, overweight or obese. Of these, 10 (30.3%) had dmft >1. An association was found between sugar added to the bottle and child dmft (coeff. C = 0.5853 and p <0.0001) and also with BMI (coeff. C = 0.5693 and p <0.0001). There was no association between BMI and caries (chi-square = 0.1447 and p-value = 0.7036). CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that there was a correlation between sugar intake and dmft and BMI, but not between caries and BMI...

O mapa conceitual na avaliação do processo ensino-aprendizagem na odontologia / The concept map for evaluation on teaching-learning process in dentistry

A avaliação da aprendizagem, função didática fundamental no processo educativo, deve ser dinâmica, contínua e sistemática, entretanto, na odontologia, poucos são os estudos sobre o assunto. Objetivou-se avaliar a compreensão de estudantes de odontologia, em relação à cárie dentária e seus determinantes e verificar a utilidade do Mapa Conceitual como instrumento de avaliação do processo ensino-aprendizagem. Nesse estudo qualitativo, descritivo e analítico, utilizou-se como instrumento de avaliação da aprendizagem o Mapa Conceitual. Participaram da pesquisa 25 alunos de graduação em Odontologia, que após receberem instruções e treinamento, elaboraram os Mapas Conceituais sobre a questão focal: “Quais são os determinantes da cárie dentária?”, dada a alta prevalência desta afecção na população e evolução dos seus modelos etiológicos explicativos ao longo do tempo. No estudo-piloto foi estipulado o tempo máximo para elaboração do Mapa Conceitual, o tipo de análise e o detalhamento da questão focal. O tempo gasto para a execução dos Mapas Conceituais foi cronometrado pelos pesquisadores. Dos conceitos abordados, 270 (96,41%) citaram o modelo ecológico da cárie dentária, considerando apenas o dente, a microbiota e a dieta como fatores determinantes; o restante, 16 (5,59%), abordou os mais variados determinantes sociais, considerando a complexidade da etiologia da doença. Após análise qualitativa, os conceitos equivocados, inseridos em locais inapropriados ou que não respondiam à questão focal foram descartados. As pontuações finais dos Mapas Conceituais foram: relações hierárquicas (51,80 ± 26,73); proposições/ligações (12,84 ± 8,68); conexões cruzadas e significativas (14,40 ± 13,25); exemplos (0,64 ± 1,35). O tempo médio gasto para a execução foi de 30,2 minutos. Houve associação entre total de conceitos utilizados e conceitos válidos (r = 0,7866, p < 0,0001), a qual continuou significativa ao se introduzir a variável tempo (r = 0,7931, p < 0,0001). Todas as...

The learning evaluation, essential didactical function on teaching process, must be dynamics, continuous and systematic, however few are the studies about theme in Dentistry. It was aimed to evaluate the understanding of Dentistry students regarding dental caries and its determinants and to verify the Concept Map as an instrument for evaluation on teaching-learning process. In this qualitative, descriptive and analytical study it was used the Concept Map as instrument for learning evaluation. Twenty-five students of Dentistry participated of research and after they were oriented and trained, they elaborate the Concept Maps about the focal question: “What are the determinants of dental caries?”, due its high prevalence on population and evolution of explained etiological models over the years. On the pilot study it was stipulated the maximum time for student elaborate their maps, the type of analysis and detailing of focal question. The time spent for elaboration of Concept Maps was measured by researchers. Among the approached concepts, 270 (96.41%) cited the ecological model of dental caries, considering only the tooth, microorganism and diet as determinant factors; the others, 16 (5.59%), approached varied social determinants, considering the complexity of disease’s etiology. After qualitative analysis, the concepts that were wrongs, inserted in inappropriate locals or those that did not answer the focal question were deleted. The final scores of Concept Maps were: valid hierarchic relations 51.80 (±26.73); propositions/links 12.84 (±8.68); valid crossed and significant connections 14.40 (±13.25); valid examples 0.64 (±1.35). The average time spent to execute it was 30.2 minutes. There was association between all used concepts and valid concepts (r=0.7866, p<0.0001) and it was significant when the variable time was considered (r=07931, p<0.0001). All the other variables also showed association with final score and spent time: hierarchic relations...