ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of a 2015-17 community intervention to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) risk factors is assessed in a Sri Lanka adult population, using a before-and-after study design. METHODS: Four contiguous Public Health Midwife (PHM) areas in Kalutara district (Western Province) were exposed to a Sri Lankan designed community health promotion initiatives (without screening) to lower CVD and T2DM risk factors. Pre- and post-intervention surveys (2014, n=1,019; 2017, n=908) were of 25-64 year males (M) and females (F) from dissimilar randomly selected clusters (villages or settlements) from PHMs, with probability of selection proportional to population size, followed by household sampling, then individual selection to yield equal-probability samples. Differences in resting blood pressure (BP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol, body mass index and tobacco smoking, adjusting for cluster sampling, age and socio-economic differences, were examined. RESULTS: Hypertension prevalence declined from 25% to 16% (F) (p<.0001), and 21% to 17% (M). Both mean systolic and diastolic BP declined. T2DM declined from 18% to 13% (F), and 18% to 15% (M), as did mean fasting plasma glucose. Elevated total cholesterol declined from 21% to 15% in women (p=0.003) and mean cholesterol declined. Frequency distributions, medians and means of these continuous CVD risk factors shifted to lower levels, and were mostly statistically significant (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Community health promotion can lower key CVD and T2DM risk factors. Lowering tobacco consumption in males and obesity remain challenges in Sri Lanka.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Community Health Services , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/prevention & control , Dyslipidemias/therapy , Hypertension/therapy , Obesity/therapy , Preventive Health Services , Adult , Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Dyslipidemias/diagnosis , Dyslipidemias/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Hypertension/diagnosis , Hypertension/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Obesity/diagnosis , Obesity/epidemiology , Prevalence , Protective Factors , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Risk Reduction Behavior , Smoking Cessation , Sri Lanka/epidemiology , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Humans , Female , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Substance-Related Disorders , Public Health Surveillance , Public HealthABSTRACT
Trezentas e oitenta e cinco amostras fecais provenientes de crianças na faixa etária de até 11 anos, sem sintomatologia de diarréia, foram estudadas objetivando-se a detecçäo de rotavírus. Desta amostragem, 268 foram obtidas de crianças habitantes de creches e 117 de crianças atendidas no ambulatório do Hospital Lúcio Rebelo de Goiânia-Goiás. Todas as amostras foram analisadas através da técnica eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida (EGPA-SDS), e 89 foram também analisadas pelo ensaio imunoenzimático adaptado para rotavírus e adenovírus (EIARA). Rotavírus e adenovírus só foram detectados nas crianças atendidas no ambulatório, num percentual de 1,7 por cento e 1,6 por cento respectivamente, näo havendo nenhuma positividade nas crianças de creches. Ambos os vírus ocorreram na faixa etária de 1 a 2 anos
