ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To analyze sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with vulnerability to HIV according to sexual orientation. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study conducted using data on 3,818 people in the city of Imperatriz, Brazil, during 2015 and 2016. The survey's questionnaires addressed sociodemographic and behavioral variables. For the data analysis, association (chi-square test) and strength of association (odds ratio) were observed. A significance level of p < 0.05 and adjustment for age and gender were taken into consideration. RESULTS: A substantial portion of the sample stated they were heterosexual (88.8%). These individuals demonstrated a lower chance of HIV infection (p < 0.001), sexually transmitted infections (p < 0.001), alcohol use (p < 0.001) and condom use (p < 0.001), compared to men who have sex with men and/or bisexuals. In this group, after adjusting for confounding variables, the factors associated with HIV infection were being male (p < 0.001), unmarried (p < 0.001), having completed higher education (p < 0.001) and boasting multiple sexual partners (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Behavioral and sociodemographic factors of vulnerability to HIV are predominant among men who have sex with men and/or are bisexual.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: The water-driven AquaCrop model to simulate yield response has been calibrated and validated for soybean cultivated under different water levels irrigation in Matopiba region, Brazil. The crop was submitted to seven irrigation treatments during the dry season and a dry treatment in the rainy season. The model was parameterized and calibrated by using soybean yield data collected at field level. Model performance was evaluated by using the following statistical parameters: prediction error (Pe), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index (E), coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error normalized (RMSEN) and Willmott's index (d). The statistical analyses of the AquaCrop model calibrated for the Matopiba region disclosed error acceptable for yield prediction of soybean grown under tropical climate conditions. Results also indicated that the C2 soybean cultivar is more resistant to water stress than the C1 soybean grown in the Matopiba region, Brazil. In the treatments when the crop was well supplied with water, at least in one phase, the yield was greater than those with drought stress at last in one phase.
RESUMO: O modelo AquaCrop foi calibrado e validado para simular a produtividade da soja cultivada sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação na região de Matopiba, Brasil. A cultura foi submetida a sete tratamentos de irrigação durante a estação seca e um tratamento de sequeiro na estação chuvosa. O modelo foi parametrizado e calibrado utilizando dados de produtividade de soja coletados diretamente em campo. O desempenho do modelo foi avaliado utilizando os seguintes parâmetros estatísticos: erro de predição (Pe), índice de eficiência de Nash-Sutcliffe (E), coeficiente de determinação (R2), erro médio absoluto (EMA), raiz quadrática do erro médio normalizado (EQEMN) e índice de Willmott (d). As análises estatísticas do modelo AquaCrop calibrado para a região de Matopiba apresentaram erros aceitáveis na predição da produtividade de soja cultivada sob condições climáticas tropicais. Os resultados também indicaram que a cultivar de soja C2 é mais resistente ao estresse hídrico do que a soja C1 cultivada na região de Matopiba, Brasil. Nos tratamentos durante os quais a cultura foi bem abastecida com água, em pelo menos em uma fase, a produtividade foi maior, em vista do estresse hídrico que ocorre em uma fase.
