Lack of access and continuity of adult health care: a national population-based survey.

OBJECTIVE To describe the lack of access and continuity of health care in adults. METHODS A cross-sectional population-based study was performed on a sample of 12,402 adults aged 20 to 59 years in urban areas of 100 municipalities of 23 states in the five Brazilian geopolitical regions. Barriers to the access and continuity of health care and were investigated based on receiving, needing and seeking health care (hospitalization and accident/emergency care in the last 12 months; care provided by a doctor, by other health professional or home care in the last three months). Based on the results obtained by the description of the sample, a projection is provided for adults living in Brazilian urban areas. RESULTS The highest prevalence of lack of access to health services and to provision of care by health professionals was for hospitalization (3.0%), whilst the lowest prevalence was for care provided by a doctor (1.1%). The lack of access to care provided by other health professionals was 2.0%; to accident and emergency services, 2.1%; and to home care, 2.9%. As for prevalences, the greatest absolute lack of access occurred in emergency care (more than 360,000 adults). The main reasons were structural and organizational problems, such as unavailability of hospital beds, of health professionals, of appointments for the type of care needed and charges made for care. CONCLUSIONS The universal right to health care in Brazil has not yet been achieved. These projections can help health care management in scaling the efforts needed to overcome this problem, such as expanding the infrastructure of health services and the workforce.

Lack of access and continuity of adult health care: a national population-based survey / Falta de acesso e de continuidade da atenção à saúde em adultos: inquérito nacional

OBJECTIVE To describe the lack of access and continuity of health care in adults.METHODS A cross-sectional population-based study was performed on a sample of 12,402 adults aged 20 to 59 years in urban areas of 100 municipalities of 23 states in the five Brazilian geopolitical regions. Barriers to the access and continuity of health care and were investigated based on receiving, needing and seeking health care (hospitalization and accident/emergency care in the last 12 months; care provided by a doctor, by other health professional or home care in the last three months). Based on the results obtained by the description of the sample, a projection is provided for adults living in Brazilian urban areas.RESULTS The highest prevalence of lack of access to health services and to provision of care by health professionals was for hospitalization (3.0%), whilst the lowest prevalence was for care provided by a doctor (1.1%). The lack of access to care provided by other health professionals was 2.0%; to accident and emergency services, 2.1%; and to home care, 2.9%. As for prevalences, the greatest absolute lack of access occurred in emergency care (more than 360,000 adults). The main reasons were structural and organizational problems, such as unavailability of hospital beds, of health professionals, of appointments for the type of care needed and charges made for care.CONCLUSIONS The universal right to health care in Brazil has not yet been achieved. These projections can help health care management in scaling the efforts needed to overcome this problem, such as expanding the infrastructure of health services and the workforce.

OBJETIVO Descrever a falta de acesso e de continuidade da atenção à saúde de adultos.MÉTODOS Estudo transversal de base populacional com 12.402 adultos entre 20 e 59 anos, residentes em áreas urbanas de 100 municípios de 23 estados brasileiros, nas cinco regiões geopolíticas. Investigaram-se as barreiras no acesso e na continuidade da atenção a partir do recebimento, necessidade e busca de algum atendimento de saúde (internação hospitalar e pronto-socorro nos 12 meses prévios ao estudo; atendimento médico, de outro profissional de saúde e domiciliar nos três meses prévios). A partir dos resultados obtidos na descrição da amostra, apresenta-se uma projeção para os adultos residentes em áreas urbanas no território nacional.RESULTADOS A prevalência de falta de acesso aos serviços e aos atendimentos com profissionais de saúde mais expressiva foi de 3,0%, para internação hospitalar, enquanto a menor prevalência foi para atendimento médico (1,1%). A falta de acesso para o atendimento com outro profissional de saúde foi de 2,0%; em pronto-socorro, 2,1%; e domiciliar, 2,9%. Quanto às prevalências, o maior número absoluto de falta de acesso foi para atendimentos de urgência (mais de 360.000 adultos). Os principais motivos foram problemas estruturais e organizacionais, como falta de leito, de profissionais, de ficha/vaga do tipo de atendimento necessário e cobrança pelo atendimento.CONCLUSÕES O direito universal à saúde no Brasil ainda não foi alcançado. As projeções podem apoiar a gestão no dimensionamento de esforços dirigidos ao seu enfrentamento, como a ampliação da estrutura física dos serviços e da força de trabalho.

Padrões de utilização de atendimento médico-ambulatorial no Brasil entre usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde, da saúde suplementar e de serviços privados / Patterns in the use of outpatient care in Brazil by patients treated through the Brazilian Unified National Health System, private health insurance, and out-of-pocket medical care / Los patrones de uso de atención médica ambulatoria en Brasil entre el Sistema Único de Salud, la salud y los servicios privados suplementarios

Indicadores de oferta, acesso e utilização são úteis para caracterizar os serviços, planejar ações e organizar a demanda. Este estudo descreve padrões de utilização de atendimento médico-ambulatorial e associação com variáveis sociodemográficas, de morbidade, porte do município e região, de acordo com a natureza jurídica do serviço. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional com 12.402 adultos brasileiros entre 20 e 59 anos, residentes nas áreas urbanas de 100 municípios nas cinco regiões brasileiras. A prevalência de atendimento médico-ambulatorial nos três meses anteriores à entrevista foi de 34,6%. O Sistema Único de Saúde foi responsável por mais da metade (53,6%) dos atendimentos, algum convênio de saúde foi utilizado por 34% da amostra e os serviços privados por 12,4%, independentemente da região, do porte populacional e da morbidade referida. Os padrões de utilização de serviços de saúde continuam socialmente determinados, resultando da oferta, das características sociodemográficas e do perfil de saúde dos usuários.

Indicators of supply, access, and use of healthcare are helpful for characterizing services, planning activities, and organizing demand. This study describes patterns of use of outpatient care and the associations with demographic and socioeconomic factors, morbidity, population size of the municipality and region, and administrative and financial classification of the provider. This was a population-based cross-sectional study with a sample of 12,402 Brazilian adults from 20 to 59 years of age living in urban areas of 100 municipalities from five regions. Prevalence of outpatient care in the three months prior to the interview was 34.6%. The Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS) accounted for more than half (53.6%) of the cases, health insurance was used by 34% of the sample, and out-of-pocket services 12.4%, regardless of region, population size, and morbidity profile. Patterns of use of health services remain socially determined, resulting from the supply, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and health profile of users.

Indicadores de la oferta, acceso y uso son útiles para caracterizar los servicios, las actividades de planificación y organización de la demanda. El estudio describe los patrones de uso de tratamiento ambulatorio y su asociación con variables sociodemográficas, morbilidad, tamaño del municipio y de la región, de acuerdo con la naturaleza jurídica del servicio. Se trata de una base poblacional transversal 12.402 adultos brasileños, entre 20 y 59 años, que viven en zonas urbanas de 100 municipios en cinco regiones. La prevalencia de tratamiento ambulatorio en los tres meses anteriores a la entrevista fue del 34,6%. El Sistema Único de Salud fue responsable de más de la mitad (53,6%) de los casos, un plan de salud fue utilizado por el 34% de la muestra y los servicios privados representaron el 12,4%, con independencia de la región, el tamaño de la población y la morbilidad anteriormente. Los patrones de uso de los servicios de salud siguen siendo socialmente determinados, lo que resulta en la oferta, el perfil sociodemográfico y la salud de los usuarios.

[Use of health services in Brazil: association with overweight and body fat indicators]. / Utilização de serviços de saúde no Brasil: associação com indicadores de excesso de peso e gordura abdominal.

The aim of the study was to analyze the association between use of health services and obesity in Brazilian adults. We carried out a population-based cross-sectional study in 100 districts of five Brazilian regions. The outcomes were: home care, use of medical services in the primary health care, use of medical services outside of the primary health care, use of emergency services and hospitalization. Excess weight was assessed by measurement of BMI and waist circumference (WC). Among the 8,603 subjects studied, the medical care in the primary health care was 14% and 18% higher among obese and high risk of WC, respectively, after controlled for socio-demographic variables and physical inactivity, but lost significance when adjusted for hypertension and diabetes. For the emergency services, both exposures resulted in increase of nearly 20% in the use of this service, after adjustments. The excess weight increased the use of medical services in the primary health care and emergency services.

Utilização de serviços de saúde no Brasil: associação com indicadores de excesso de peso e gordura abdominal / Use of health services in Brazil: association with overweight and body fat indicators / Utilización de los servicios de salud en Brasil y su asociación con el sobrepeso y grasa abdominal

O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a associação entre o uso de serviços de saúde e obesidade em adultos brasileiros. Realizou-se estudo transversal de base populacional em 100 municípios de 23 estados brasileiros. Os desfechos foram: atendimento domiciliar, utilização de serviço médico na unidade básica de saúde (UBS), uso de serviços médicos fora da UBS, uso de pronto-socorro e internação hospitalar. O excesso de peso foi avaliado por aferição do IMC e da circunferência abdominal (CA). Entre os 8.603 sujeitos estudados, o atendimento médico na UBS foi 14% e 18% maior entre obesos e com CA de risco muito aumentado, respectivamente, após ajuste para as variáveis sociodemográficas e sedentarismo, mas perdeu significância quando ajustado para hipertensão e diabetes autorreferidos. Para o pronto-socorro, ambas as exposições implicaram um aumento de cerca de 20% na probabilidade de uso deste serviço, após ajustes. O excesso de peso aumentou a probabilidade de utilização de consulta médica na UBS e em serviços de urgência e emergência.

The aim of the study was to analyze the association between use of health services and obesity in Brazilian adults. We carried out a population-based cross-sectional study in 100 districts of five Brazilian regions. The outcomes were: home care, use of medical services in the primary health care, use of medical services outside of the primary health care, use of emergency services and hospitalization. Excess weight was assessed by measurement of BMI and waist circumference (WC). Among the 8,603 subjects studied, the medical care in the primary health care was 14% and 18% higher among obese and high risk of WC, respectively, after controlled for socio-demographic variables and physical inactivity, but lost significance when adjusted for hypertension and diabetes. For the emergency services, both exposures resulted in increase of nearly 20% in the use of this service, after adjustments. The excess weight increased the use of medical services in the primary health care and emergency services.

Analizar la asociación entre el uso de los servicios de salud y obesidad en adultos brasileños. Se realizó una encuesta transversal de base poblacional en 100 distritos de 23 estados de Brasil. Se verificó el uso de los servicios de salud: atención domiciliaria, servicios médicos en la atención primaria de salud, servicios médicos fuera de la atención primaria de salud, servicio de urgencias y hospitales. El exceso de peso se evaluó por el índice de masa corporal y la circunferencia de cintura (CC). Entre los 8.603 sujetos estudiados, la atención médica en atención primaria de salud fue 14% y 18% mayor entre los obesos y las personas con CC de alto riesgo, respectivamente, después de ajustar por las variables sociodemográficas y la inactividad física, pero perdió significancia cuando se ajustó por hipertensión y diabetes. En el servicio de urgencias, ambas exposiciones resultaron en un incremento de aproximadamente un 20% en el uso de este servicio, tras los ajustes. El exceso de peso resultó en una mayor utilización de las consultas médicas dentro la atención primaria de salud y de los servicios de urgencias.

Prevalence of overweight and associated factors in under-five-year-old children in urban population in Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of overweight in children under five years old from urban households and to investigate associated factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional population-based study carried out in the five regions of Brazil with a sample of 6,397 children. The World Health Organization 2006 Growth Curves were used and children were considered overweight when Z-score was higher than two standard deviations of weight for height. The following variables were investigated: family income, mothers' education level, race, age, gender, number of siblings, weight at birth and duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Proportions were compared with the χ2 test and reasons of prevalence were calculated. Logistic regression was used for the adjusted analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight was of 12%. After adjustments, this prevalence was significantly higher among males (p = 0.030) and inversely proportional to the child's age (p = 0.032). White children presented 22% higher overweight prevalence than non-white ones. A linear direct association was verified between weight at birth and overweight (p = 0.000). Children who were breastfed until 120 days presented 34% more prevalence of overweight when compared to the ones who were breastfed for a longer time. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight prevalence was higher in male, under one year old, white children, with more than 3,500 grams of weight at birth and who were exclusively breastfed until 120 days.

Prevalence of overweight and associated factors in under-five-year-old children in urban population in Brazil / Excesso de peso e fatores associados em menores de cinco anos em populações urbanas no Brasil

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of overweight in children under five years old from urban households and to investigate associated factors. Methods: Cross-sectional population-based study carried out in the five regions of Brazil with a sample of 6,397 children. The World Health Organization 2006 Growth Curves were used and children were considered overweight when Z-score was higher than two standard deviations of weight for height. The following variables were investigated: family income, mothers' education level, race, age, gender, number of siblings, weight at birth and duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Proportions were compared with the χ2 test and reasons of prevalence were calculated. Logistic regression was used for the adjusted analysis. Results: The prevalence of overweight was of 12%. After adjustments, this prevalence was significantly higher among males (p = 0.030) and inversely proportional to the child's age (p = 0.032). White children presented 22% higher overweight prevalence than non-white ones. A linear direct association was verified between weight at birth and overweight (p = 0.000). Children who were breastfed until 120 days presented 34% more prevalence of overweight when compared to the ones who were breastfed for a longer time. Conclusions: Overweight prevalence was higher in male, under one year old, white children, with more than 3,500 grams of weight at birth and who were exclusively breastfed until 120 days. .

Objetivos: Estimar a prevalência de excesso de peso em menores de cinco anos em famílias urbanas e investigar fatores associados. Métodos: Estudo transversal de base populacional realizado nas cinco regiões do Brasil, com uma amostra de 6.397 crianças. Foram utilizadas as curvas de crescimento da Organização Mundial de Saúde de 2006 e consideradas com excesso de peso crianças com escore Z maior que dois desvios-padrão de peso para a altura. As seguintes variáveis foram investigadas: renda familiar per capita, escolaridade materna, cor, idade, sexo, número de irmãos, peso no nascimento e duração de aleitamento materno exclusivo. Foram comparadas as proporções com o teste do χ2 e calculadas as razões de prevalência. Para a análise ajustada foi utilizada a regressão logística. Resultados: A prevalência de excesso de peso foi de 12% e, após ajuste, foi significativamente maior no sexo masculino (p = 0,030) e inversamente proporcional à idade da criança (p = 0,032). As crianças brancas apresentaram uma prevalência de excesso de peso 22% maior do que as não brancas. Foi verificada uma associação linear direta entre o peso de nascimento e o excesso de peso atual (p = 0,000). Crianças que foram amamentadas até 120 dias apresentaram uma prevalência 34% maior de excesso de peso quando comparadas às que mamaram por mais de 120 dias. Conclusões: A prevalência de excesso de peso foi maior no sexo masculino, em crianças menores de um ano, brancas, com peso de nascimento maior que 3.500 gramas e que foram amamentadas exclusivamente até 120 dias. .

Falls and self-assessment of eyesight among elderly people: a population-based study in a south Brazilian municipality.

This paper seeks to verify the association between falls and self-assessment of visual acuity in elderly people by means of a cross-sectional population-based study involving 1593 elderly people (aged 60 or over) from the urban zone of the municipality of Bagé-RS. Poisson regression was used for association analysis. Fall prevalence in the last year was 28.0% (95%CI: 25.8; 30.2), with 45.0% of these having suffered two or more falls in the same period. Elderly people self-assessing their eyesight as bad/very poor (10.0%) or regular (33.3%) showed a linear increase in fall occurrence when compared to individuals who considered their eyesight to be good/excellent. Self-assessment of eyesight showed itself to be an important factor associated with the occurrence of falls. This results entails the need to make progress with tracing elderly people with eyesight difficulties and its possible impact on actions to prevent the occurrence of falls.

[Food insecurity in the Northeast and South of Brazil: magnitude, associated factors, and per capita income patterns for reducing inequities]. / Insegurança alimentar no Nordeste e Sul do Brasil: magnitude, fatores associados e padrões de renda per capita para redução das iniquidades.

This article addresses food insecurity among urban Brazilian families with children under seven years. A cross-sectional study in areas covered by primary health care centers identified 5,419 families in the Northeast and 5,081 in the South of the country. Food insecurity was assessed by the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity was 22.9% in the Northeast and 7.5% in the South. According to the adjusted analysis, increased likelihood of moderate or severe food insecurity was associated with families headed by women, black or brown maternal skin color, low maternal education, low family income, and enrollment in the Bolsa Família program (conditional income transfer). Moderate or severe food insecurity would be reduced by 59.5% in the Northeast and 45.4% in the South with a per capita income of at least BRL 175.00 per month. Increased family income for the poorest families and better targeting of Bolsa Família are essential for reducing food insecurity in the country.

Insegurança alimentar no Nordeste e Sul do Brasil: magnitude, fatores associados e padrões de renda per capita para redução das iniquidades / Food insecurity in the Northeast and South of Brazil: magnitude, associated factors, and per capita income patterns for reducing inequities / La inseguridad alimentaria en el noreste y el sur de Brasil: magnitud, factores asociados y parametros de ingreso per capita para la reduccion de las inequidades

O artigo analisa a insegurança alimentar em domicílios urbanos com crianças menores de sete anos de idade. Por meio de estudo transversal localizou-se, nas áreas de abrangência de unidades básicas de saúde, 5.419 domicílios na Região Nordeste e 5.081 na Região Sul do Brasil. A insegurança alimentar foi avaliada usando-se a Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar. A prevalência de insegurança alimentar moderada ou grave foi 22,9% no Nordeste e 7,5% no Sul. Em ambas as regiões, na análise ajustada, a maior probabilidade de insegurança alimentar moderada e grave foi identificada em domicílios chefiados por mulheres, com cor da pele materna preta e parda/mestiça, com menor escolaridade materna, menor renda familiar per capita e beneficiários do Bolsa Família. A insegurança alimentar moderada ou grave seria reduzida em 59,5% no Nordeste e em 45,4% no Sul, com uma renda familiar per capita mínima de R$ 175,00 ao mês. O aumento da renda familiar dos mais pobres e a melhor focalização do Bolsa Família são essenciais para a diminuição da insegurança alimentar no país.

This article addresses food insecurity among urban Brazilian families with children under seven years. A cross-sectional study in areas covered by primary health care centers identified 5,419 families in the Northeast and 5,081 in the South of the country. Food insecurity was assessed by the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity was 22.9% in the Northeast and 7.5% in the South. According to the adjusted analysis, increased likelihood of moderate or severe food insecurity was associated with families headed by women, black or brown maternal skin color, low maternal education, low family income, and enrollment in the Bolsa Família program (conditional income transfer). Moderate or severe food insecurity would be reduced by 59.5% in the Northeast and 45.4% in the South with a per capita income of at least BRL 175.00 per month. Increased family income for the poorest families and better targeting of Bolsa Família are essential for reducing food insecurity in the country.

El artículo examina la inseguridad alimentaria en hogares urbanos con niños menores de siete años de edad. El estudio transversal identificó 5.419 familias en el Noreste y 5.081 en el Sur de Brasil, en áreas de cobertura de servicios de atención primaria de salud. La inseguridad alimentaria se evaluó con la Escala Brasileña de Inseguridad Alimentaria. La prevalencia de la inseguridad alimentaria moderada y grave fue 22,9% en el Noreste y el 7,5% en el Sur. En ambas regiones, en el análisis ajustado, la probabilidad más alta de inseguridad alimentaria moderada o grave fue identificada en hogares encabezados por mujeres, con madres negras y mulatas/mestizas, con menor educación materna, con bajos ingresos familiares y recibiendo beneficio del Programa Bolsa Família. La inseguridad alimentaria moderada o grave se reduciría en un 59,5% en el Noreste y el 45,4% en el Sur, con un ingreso per cápita de por lo menos R$ 175,00 al mes. Un incremento en el ingreso familiar de los más pobres y una mejor focalización del Bolsa Família son esenciales para reducir la inseguridad alimentaria en el país.

[Patterns in the use of outpatient care in Brazil by patients treated through the Brazilian Unified National Health System, private health insurance, and out-of-pocket medical care]. / Padrões de utilização de atendimento médico-ambulatorial no Brasil entre usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde, da saúde suplementar e de serviços privados.

Indicators of supply, access, and use of healthcare are helpful for characterizing services, planning activities, and organizing demand. This study describes patterns of use of outpatient care and the associations with demographic and socioeconomic factors, morbidity, population size of the municipality and region, and administrative and financial classification of the provider. This was a population-based cross-sectional study with a sample of 12,402 Brazilian adults from 20 to 59 years of age living in urban areas of 100 municipalities from five regions. Prevalence of outpatient care in the three months prior to the interview was 34.6%. The Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS) accounted for more than half (53.6%) of the cases, health insurance was used by 34% of the sample, and out-of-pocket services 12.4%, regardless of region, population size, and morbidity profile. Patterns of use of health services remain socially determined, resulting from the supply, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and health profile of users.

Advice for salt, sugar and fat intake habits among adults: a national-based study / Recebimento de orientacao sobre consumo de sal, acucar e gorduras em adultos: um estudo de base nacional

INTRODUCTION : A healthy diet is recognized as an important strategy for promoting health as an essential part of non-pharmacological therapy of various health problems. OBJECTIVE : To analyze the reported advice for the intake of salt, sugar and fat for the Brazilian adults living in urban areas. METHODOLOGY : National-based cross-sectional study with 12,402 adults interviewed in 100 Brazilian cities. RESULTS : The most prevalent advice was to low fat intake (38%), followed by the advice to low salt and sugar intake (36%) and sugar (29%). The percentage of receiving different advice was similar and more common among women, older people, those with a partner, higher economic class, former smokers, active and in person with physician diagnoses of hypertension, diabetes and overweight. People with white skin color received more advice to eat healthy food, except for the orientation to low salt intake. CONCLUSION : The results show a low prevalence of advice, which configures a missed opportunity to prevent health problems. Although dietary counseling should not be understood only as the transmission of advice regarding some nutrients, it is important to develop actions in order to qualify services and health professionals, allowing the population to have access to qualified information about the benefits of having healthy lifestyles. .

INTRODUÇÃO : A alimentação saudável é amplamente reconhecida como uma importante estratégia para promoção da saúde e também como parte essencial da terapia não farmacológica de diversos agravos à saúde. OBJETIVO : Investigar o recebimento de orientação para ingestão de pouco sal, açúcar e gorduras na população adulta do Brasil. METODOLOGIA : Estudo transversal, de base nacional, com 12.402 adultos entrevistados em 100 cidades brasileiras. RESULTADOS : A orientação mais prevalente foi para ingestão de pouca gordura (38%), seguida das orientações para ingestão de pouco sal (36%) e açúcar (29%). O perfil de recebimento das diferentes orientações foi bastante similar e foi mais frequente entre mulheres, mais velhos, com companheiro, de nível econômico mais elevado, ex-tabagistas, ativos e portadores de hipertensão arterial, diabetes e excesso de peso. Indivíduos de cor da pele branca receberam mais orientação, com exceção da orientação para ingestão de pouco sal. CONCLUSÃO : A orientação é pouco realizada, configurando uma oportunidade perdida de prevenção à saúde. Embora a orientação alimentar não deva ser entendida apenas como a transmissão de orientações sobre alguns nutrientes, é importante o desenvolvimento de ações visando à qualificação de serviços e profissionais de saúde, para que a população tenha à disposição informações qualificadas sobre os benefícios de se ter hábitos saudáveis de vida. .

Prevalência de infecção por HPV de alto risco em mulheres utilizando captura híbrida na prevenção do câncer do colo do útero no sul do Brasil / Prevalence of infection with high-risk HPV in women using hybrid capture conducting prevention of cervical cancer in south ern Brazil

Sabe-se que infecções por HPV de alto risco (HPV AR) estão ligadas ao desenvolvimento de câncer cervical. objetivo: Esse estudo teve como objetivo quantificar a prevalência de infecções por HPV em mulheres da metade sul do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, correlacionando fatores associados ao desenvolvimento de lesões precursoras e câncer cervical. Métodos: Para tanto, 643 mulheres foram incluídas no estudo, preenchendo um questionário padronizado e submetidas aos exames de citologia, colposcopia e HPV AR (Captura Híbrida 2). resultados: A maioria das pacientes tinha idade entre 20 e 39 anos (70,6%), houve decréscimo na porcentagem de fumantes de 23% para 11% e a média de idade ao início da vida sexual era de 18 anos. A prevalência de HPV AR é correlacionada com idades mais jovens, com menos pacientes infectadas por HPV AR quando estas eram mais velhas no momento do início da atividade sexual. Prevalência próxima a 70% foi observada em mulheres que tiveram 4 ou mais parceiros sexuais. Resultados citológicos e colposcológicos alterados tiveram taxas significativamente mais altas de infecção por HPV AR. 334 mulheres foram encaminhadas à biópsia. Destas, 321 tiveram resultados de colposcopia alterados e citopatologia ASC-US/AGC-US, LSILs e HSILs, com 231 biópsias realizadas neste estudo. Nenhum dos resultados indicou câncer. O teste de CH2 mostrou mais especificade do que a citologia, com altos valores preditivos positivos e negativos (49,8% e 78,6%, respectivamente). conclusão: A inclusão de testes para HPV AR nos programas de triagem no Brasil, de acordo com as políticas internacionais, levará à redução de biópsias em mulheres não infectadas e aumentará o intervalo entre exames.

High-risk Human Papillomavirus (HR HPV) infection is known to be linked to cervical cancer, with molecular biology tests being an important tool in diagnosis. objective: This study is aimed to quantify the prevalence of HPV infection in women from the Southern part of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, correlating factors associated with the development of precursor lesions and of cervical cancer. Methods: 643 women were enrolled in the study, by filling out a standardized questionnaire and undergoing cytology, colposcopy, and HR HPV Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) tests. results: Most patients were aged between 20 to 39 years (70.6%), this decreased the percentage of smokers from 23% to 11%. The average age of sexual debut through the period studied was of 18 years old. HR HPV prevalence was correlated with younger ages, with fewer patients infected by HR HPV when they were older at first sexual activity. Almost 70% prevalence of infection was observed in women who had 4 or more sexual partners. Altered cytology and colposcopy results had significantly higher rates of HR HPV infection. 334 women were referred for biopsy. Of those, 321 had altered colposcopy results and cytopathology of ASC-US/AGC-US, LSILs and HSILs, with 231 biopsies performed by the study. None of the results indicated cervical cancer. HC2 showed higher specificity than cytology, with high positive and negative prediction values (49.8% and 78.6%, respectively).conclusion: The inclusion of HR HPV testing in screening programs in Brazil, according to international policies, will lead to fewer biopsies in women without infection and increased interval between screenings.

[Physical activity during commuting by adults and elderly in Brazil: prevalence and associated factors]. / Atividade física no deslocamento em adultos e idosos do Brasil: prevalências e fatores associados.

Evidence in the literature shows that physical activity associated with commuting (routine coming and going) can have a positive impact on health. The current study describes physical activity during commuting and some associated factors. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with 12,402 adults and 6,624 elderly in 100 municipalities (counties) from 23 States of Brazil. The outcome was based on the commuting section from the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Prevalence of insufficient physical activity during commuting (< 150 minutes per week) was 66.6% in adults and 73.9% in the elderly. Among the elderly, the very old showed 25 times higher odds of being insufficiently active as compared to younger elders. Individuals with self-reported "white" skin color were less active in commuting. The findings show that prevalence of physical activity in commuting in Brazil is low, and that encouraging physically active commuting can be an effective strategy for increasing levels of physical activity and improving health.

Atividade física no deslocamento em adultos e idosos do Brasil: prevalências e fatores associados / Physical activity during commuting by adults and elderly in Brazil: prevalence and associated factors / Actividad física en el desplazamiento de adultos y ancianos en Brasil: prevalencias y factores asociados

Evidências na literatura mostram que a atividade física no deslocamento pode contribuir positivamente à saúde. O presente trabalho descreve a atividade física no deslocamento e alguns fatores associados. Foi realizado um estudo transversal de base populacional com amostra de 12.402 adultos e 6.624 idosos em 100 municípios de 23 estados brasileiros. O desfecho foi operacionalizado pela seção de deslocamento da versão longa do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ). A prevalência de atividade física insuficiente no deslocamento (< 150 minutos por semana) foi de 66,6% nos adultos e 73,9% nos idosos. Entre os idosos, aqueles mais velhos apresentaram risco 25 vezes maior de serem insuficientemente ativos em comparação aos mais jovens. Indivíduos com a cor da pele declarada "branca" foram menos ativos no deslocamento. Os resultados mostram que a prevalência de atividade física no deslocamento no Brasil é baixa, e que estimular o deslocamento ativo pode ser uma estratégia para o aumento dos níveis de atividade física geral e melhoria da saúde.

Evidence in the literature shows that physical activity associated with commuting (routine coming and going) can have a positive impact on health. The current study describes physical activity during commuting and some associated factors. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with 12,402 adults and 6,624 elderly in 100 municipalities (counties) from 23 States of Brazil. The outcome was based on the commuting section from the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Prevalence of insufficient physical activity during commuting (< 150 minutes per week) was 66.6% in adults and 73.9% in the elderly. Among the elderly, the very old showed 25 times higher odds of being insufficiently active as compared to younger elders. Individuals with self-reported "white" skin color were less active in commuting. The findings show that prevalence of physical activity in commuting in Brazil is low, and that encouraging physically active commuting can be an effective strategy for increasing levels of physical activity and improving health.

Evidencias en la literatura muestran que la actividad física en el desplazamiento puede contribuir positivamente a la salud. El presente trabajo describe la actividad física en el desplazamiento y algunos factores asociados a ella. Se realizó un estudio transversal de base poblacional con una muestra de 12.402 adultos y 6.624 ancianos en 100 municipios de 23 estados brasileños. Las conclusiones se extrajeron mediante la operacionalización de la sección de desplazamiento de la versión larga del Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ). La prevalencia de actividad física insuficiente en el desplazamiento (< 150 minutos por semana) fue de un 66,6% en los adultos y un 73,9% en los ancianos. Entre los ancianos, aquellos más viejos presentaron un riesgo 25 veces mayor de ser insuficientemente activos, en comparación con los más jóvenes. Individuos con un color de piel declarado como "blanco" fueron menos activos en el desplazamiento. Los resultados muestran que la prevalencia de actividad física en el desplazamiento en Brasil es baja, y que estimular el desplazamiento activo puede ser una estrategia para el aumento de los niveles de actividad física general y mejoría de la salud.

Advice for salt, sugar and fat intake habits among adults: a national-based study.

INTRODUCTION: A healthy diet is recognized as an important strategy for promoting health as an essential part of non-pharmacological therapy of various health problems. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the reported advice for the intake of salt, sugar and fat for the Brazilian adults living in urban areas. METHODOLOGY: National-based cross-sectional study with 12,402 adults interviewed in 100 Brazilian cities. RESULTS: The most prevalent advice was to low fat intake (38%), followed by the advice to low salt and sugar intake (36%) and sugar (29%). The percentage of receiving different advice was similar and more common among women, older people, those with a partner, higher economic class, former smokers, active and in person with physician diagnoses of hypertension, diabetes and overweight. People with white skin color received more advice to eat healthy food, except for the orientation to low salt intake. CONCLUSION: The results show a low prevalence of advice, which configures a missed opportunity to prevent health problems. Although dietary counseling should not be understood only as the transmission of advice regarding some nutrients, it is important to develop actions in order to qualify services and health professionals, allowing the population to have access to qualified information about the benefits of having healthy lifestyles.

Autorrelato de diabetes e atividade física no Brasil / Self-reported of diabetes and physical activity in Brazil

Embora exista um consenso de que a prática de atividade física (AF) ajuda a prevenir o Diabetes Mellitus (DM) e melhorar a qualidade de vida destes indivíduos, ainda é alta a prevalência de inatividade física entre os diferentes grupos etários de pessoas. O presente artigo descreve a prevalência de autorrelato de DM, o nível de AF desta população e variáveis associadas a este desfecho em adultos e idosos brasileiros. Foi realizado um estudo transversal de base populacional com amostra de 12.402 adultos e 6.624 idosos de 23 estados brasileiros. A prevalência de autorrelato de DM na população de adultos foi de 3,5% (IC95% 3,2-3,9), enquanto nos idosos foi de 16,9% (IC95% 15,9-17,8). Em relação à prática de AF observou-se que entre os indivíduos que relataram ter DM, 82,6% (IC95% 79,0-86,1) dos adultos e 88,2% (IC95% 86,3-90,1) dos idosos foram considerados insuficientemente ativos. Por outro lado, entre os indivíduos que não relataram DM a prevalência de indivíduos insuficientemente ativos entre os adultos e idosos foi de 82,5% (IC95% 81,9-83,2) e 86,3% (IC95% 85,4-87,2) respectivamente. É a alta prevalência de inatividade física entre os indivíduos que relatam ou não o DM.

Although there is a consensus that the practice of physical activity (PA) helps prevent Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and improve the quality of life of individuals, it is still a high prevalence of physical inactivity among different age groups of people. This article describes the prevalence of self-report of DM, the level of PA of this population and variables associated with this outcome in Brazilian adults and elderly individuals. A cross-sectional population-based was conducted with a sample of 12,402 adults and 6,624 elderly individuals from 23 Brazilian states. The prevalence of self-reported DM in the adult population was 3.5% (IC95% 3,2-3,9), while in the elderly one was 16.9% (IC95% 15,9-17,8). Regarding the PA practice, it was observed that among individuals reporting diabetes, 82.6% (95% CI 79.0-86.1) of adults and 88.2% (95% CI 86.3-90.1) of the elderly were considered insufficiently active. Moreover, among individuals that did not reported DM, the prevalence of PA insufficient was 82.5% (95% CI 81.9-83.2) and 86.3% (95% CI 85.4-87.2) respectively. It is high the prevalence of physical inactivity among individuals who report or not the DM.

[Prevalence of minor psychiatric disorders among primary healthcare workers in the South and Northeast regions of Brazil]. / Prevalência de transtornos psiquiátricos menores em trabalhadores da atenção primária à saúde das regiões Sul e Nordeste do Brasil.

Mental health problems are among the most prevalent conditions in health workers. We evaluated the prevalence of minor psychiatric disorders and associated factors among primary healthcare workers. The study design was cross-sectional and services-based, in 240 primary healthcare units in 41 municipalities (counties) with more than 100 thousand inhabitants in seven States in the South and Northeast regions of Brazil. A total of 4,749 primary healthcare workers were interviewed, and prevalence of minor psychiatric disorders was 16%, with no statistical differences according to region or primary care model. The rate was higher in community health workers and other workers with secondary education (18%) and lower in health professionals with university training (10%); while physicians (15%) and nurses and nurse technicians (14.6%) were in an intermediate situation (p < 0.001). Occupational characteristics showed the strongest association with the occurrence of minor psychiatric disorders according to the adjusted analysis, suggesting that their reduction requires improvements in work conditions in primary healthcare and in the management of the Unified National Health System.

Caracterização de um programa de internação domiciliar e cuidados paliativos no Município de Pelotas, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: uma contribuição à atenção integral aos usuários com câncer no Sistema Único de Saúde, SUS / Characterizing a home and palliative care program in the Municipality of Pelotas, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: a contribution to full attention to cancer patients at the National Unified Health System

Objetivo: descrever as características do Programa de Internação Domiciliar Interdisciplinar (PIDI) para pacientes oncológicos no Hospital Escola da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, no Município de Pelotas, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Métodos: o perfil dos 213 pacientes internados no PIDI de 2005 a 2008 foi estabelecido com informações de prontuário; informações sobre infraestrutura e processo de trabalho foram obtidas de entrevistas com profissionais do PIDI. Resultados: os pacientes do PIDI eram atendidos diariamente no domicílio, recebendo insumos necessários ao cuidado e suporte interdisciplinar para identificaçãoe controle de sintomas; o estado avançado da doença com metásteses em 92,0 por cento dos pacientes, dos quais 32,0 por cento não hospitalizaram durante o período; os principais motivos de internação no PIDI foram anorexia, dor e astenia; metade dos pacientes evoluiu para óbito no domicilio. Conclusão: este estudo, além de permitir a divulgação de estratégias bem-sucedidas de cuidado paliativo domiciliar para pacientes com câncer em situação de terminalidade, também pode subsidiar a implementação de políticas públicas em outros locais do país.

Objective: to describe the characteristics of the Interdisciplinary Homecare Program (IHCP) for cancer patients at the Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Pelotas, in the Municipality of Pelotas, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Methods:the profile of the 213 patients admitted by IHCP from 2005 to 2008 was established based on information from medical records; information about infrastructure and working processes were obtained through interviewing IHCP professionals.Results: IHCP patients were daily attended at home, receiving supplies needed for interdisciplinary care and support, and for identifying and controlling symptoms; the stage of the disease was advanced, with metastases in 92.0 per cent of the patients,of which 32.0 per cent were not hospitalized during the period; main reasons for hospitalization were anorexia, pain and asthenia; half of the patients evolved to death at home. Conclusion: this study not only allows publicizing successful palliative carestrategies on terminal cancer patients, it can also subsidize implementing public policies in other areas of the country.

Prevalência de transtornos psiquiátricos menores em trabalhadores da atenção primária à saúde das regiões Sul e Nordeste do Brasil / Prevalence of minor psychiatric disorders among primary healthcare workers in the South and Northeast regions of Brazil

Os problemas de saúde mental estão entre os mais prevalentes em trabalhadores de saúde. Foram avaliados a prevalência de transtornos psiquiátricos menores e os fatores associados em trabalhadores da atenção primária à saúde. O delineamento foi transversal com base em 240 unidades básicas de saúde de 41 municípios acima de 100 mil habitantes de sete estados das regiões Sul e Nordeste do Brasil. Foram entrevistados 4.749 trabalhadores, e a prevalência de transtornos psiquiátricos menores foi de 16 por cento, sem diferenças estatísticas por região e modelo de atenção. Foi maior em agentes comunitários de saúde e outros trabalhadores de nível médio (18 por cento), menor em outros profissionais de nível superior (10 por cento), ficando médicos (15 por cento) e profissionais de enfermagem (14,6 por cento) em posição intermediária (p < 0,001). As características ocupacionais apresentaram a mais forte associação com a ocorrência de transtornos psiquiátricos menores na análise ajustada, sugerindo que sua redução depende de melhorias nas condições de trabalho na atenção primária à saúde e na gestão do Sistema Único de Saúde.

Mental health problems are among the most prevalent conditions in health workers. We evaluated the prevalence of minor psychiatric disorders and associated factors among primary healthcare workers. The study design was cross-sectional and services-based, in 240 primary healthcare units in 41 municipalities (counties) with more than 100 thousand inhabitants in seven States in the South and Northeast regions of Brazil. A total of 4,749 primary healthcare workers were interviewed, and prevalence of minor psychiatric disorders was 16 percent, with no statistical differences according to region or primary care model. The rate was higher in community health workers and other workers with secondary education (18 percent) and lower in health professionals with university training (10 percent); while physicians (15 percent) and nurses and nurse technicians (14.6 percent) were in an intermediate situation (p < 0.001). Occupational characteristics showed the strongest association with the occurrence of minor psychiatric disorders according to the adjusted analysis, suggesting that their reduction requires improvements in work conditions in primary healthcare and in the management of the Unified National Health System.