ABSTRACT
Obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms in young men can occasionally be attributed to rare intra-prostatic cystic lesions. This case reports a 27-year-old man presenting with sudden onset voiding difficulty, diagnosed with a midline prostatic cyst at the anterior bladder neck, a rare location. The cyst was successfully treated with bipolar transurethral endoscopic resection, resulting in the resolution of urinary symptoms without retrograde ejaculation which is a common complication that is a central concern in the literature regarding the choice of surgical modality.
ABSTRACT
Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab) is an emerging pathogen that poses a severe health threat, especially in people with cystic fibrosis and other chronic lung diseases. Available drugs are largely ineffective due to an exquisite intrinsic resistance, making Mab infections only comparable to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Current treatment is based on lengthy multidrug therapy, complicated by poor outcomes and high rates of treatment failure, recurrence, and mortality. Thus, finding new and more efficient drugs to combat this pathogen is urgent. However, drug discovery efforts targeting Mab have been limited, and traditional drug screening methods are labor-intensive, low-throughput, and do not reflect clinical effectiveness. Therefore, this work aimed to develop a new, efficient, and reliable tool for drug screening against Mab that can be used in vitro for identifying hits in a high-throughput manner and in vivo to select drug candidates for future clinical trials. We engineered two stable double-reporter strains of Mab capable of emitting strong fluorescent and luminescent signals. This is due to the expression of mScarlet protein and luciferase enzyme or the entire lux operon. Importantly, these strains maintain the same ground characteristics as the non-transformed Mab strain. We show that these new strains can be applied to various setups, from MIC determination in broth cultures and macrophage infection assays to in vivo infection (using the Galleria mellonella model). Using these strains enhances the potential for high-throughput screening of thousands of compounds in a fast and reliable way. IMPORTANCE: Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab) is currently considered an "incurable nightmare." Its intrinsic resistance, high toxicity, long duration, and low cure rates of available therapies often lead to the clinical decision not to treat. Moreover, one of the significant drawbacks of anti-Mab drug development is the lack of correlation between in vitro susceptibility and clinical efficacy. Most drug screening assays are performed on Mab growing in liquid cultures. But being an intracellular pathogen, inducing granulomas and biofilm formation, the broth culture is far from ideal as in vitro drug-testing setup. This study presents new double-reporter Mab strains that allow direct real-time bacterial detection and quantification in a non-invasive way. These strains can be applied to an extensive range of experimental settings, far surpassing the utility of single-reporter bacteria. They can be used in all steps of the pre-clinical anti-Mab drug development pipeline, constituting a highly valuable tool to increase its success.
ABSTRACT
Neglected Tropical Diseases are a significant concern as they encompass various infections caused by pathogens prevalent in tropical regions. The limited and often highly toxic treatment options for these diseases necessitate the exploration of new therapeutic candidates. In the present study, the lignan methylpiperitol was isolated after several chromatographic steps from Persea fulva L.â E. Koop (Lauraceae) and its leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activities were evaluated using inâ vitro and inâ silico approaches. The chemical structure of methylpiperitol was defined by NMR and MS spectral data analysis. The antiprotozoal activity of methylpiperitol was determined inâ vitro and indicated potency against trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi (EC50 of 4.5±1.1â mM) and amastigote forms of Leishmania infantum (EC50 of 4.1±0.5â mM), with no mammalian cytotoxicity against NCTC cells (CC50>200â mM). Molecular docking studies were conducted using six T. cruzi and four Leishmania. The results indicate that for the molecular target hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase in T. cruzi and piteridine reductase 1 of L. infatum, the methylpiperitol obtained better results than the crystallographic ligand. Therefore, the lignan methylpiperitol, isolated from P. fulva holds potential for the development of new prototypes for the treatment of Neglected Tropical Diseases, especially leishmaniasis.
Subject(s)
Leishmania infantum , Lignans , Molecular Docking Simulation , Trypanosoma cruzi , Lignans/pharmacology , Lignans/isolation & purification , Lignans/chemistry , Trypanosoma cruzi/drug effects , Leishmania infantum/drug effects , Parasitic Sensitivity Tests , Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology , Antiprotozoal Agents/chemistry , Antiprotozoal Agents/isolation & purification , Animals , Structure-Activity Relationship , Molecular Structure , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Trypanocidal Agents/pharmacology , Trypanocidal Agents/chemistry , Trypanocidal Agents/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Intratumoral injections have the potential for enhanced cancer treatment efficacy while reducing costs and systemic exposure. However, intratumoral drug injections can result in substantial off-target leakage and are invisible under standard imaging modalities like ultrasound (US) and x-ray. A thermosensitive poloxamer-based gel for drug delivery was developed that is visible using x-ray imaging (computed tomography (CT), cone beam CT, fluoroscopy), as well as using US by means of integrating perfluorobutane-filled microbubbles (MBs). MBs content was optimized using tissue mimicking phantoms and ex vivo bovine livers. Gel formulations less than 1% MBs provided gel depositions that were clearly identifiable on US and distinguishable from tissue background and with minimal acoustic artifacts. The cross-sectional areas of gel depositions obtained with US and CT imaging were similar in studies using ex vivo bovine liver and postmortem in situ swine liver. The gel formulation enhanced multimodal image-guided navigation, enabling fusion of ultrasound and x-ray/CT imaging, which may enhance targeting, definition of spatial delivery, and overlap of tumor and gel. Although speculative, such a paradigm for intratumoral drug delivery might streamline clinical workflows, reduce radiation exposure by reliance on US, and boost the precision and accuracy of drug delivery targeting during procedures. Imageable gels may also provide enhanced temporal and spatial control of intratumoral conformal drug delivery.
ABSTRACT
Liver cancer ranks as the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Direct intratumoral injections of anti-cancer therapeutics may improve therapeutic efficacy and mitigate adverse effects compared to intravenous injections. Some challenges of intratumoral injections are that the liquid drug formulation may not remain localized and have unpredictable volumetric distribution. Thus, drug delivery varies widely, highly-dependent upon technique. An X-ray imageable poloxamer 407 (POL)-based drug delivery gel was developed and characterized, enabling real-time feedback. Utilizing three needle devices, POL or a control iodinated contrast solution were injected into an ex vivo bovine liver. The 3D distribution was assessed with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The 3D distribution of POL gels demonstrated localized spherical morphologies regardless of the injection rate. In addition, the gel 3D conformal distribution could be intentionally altered, depending on the injection technique. When doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded into the POL and injected, DOX distribution on optical imaging matched iodine distribution on CBCT suggesting spatial alignment of DOX and iodine localization in tissue. The controllability and localized deposition of this formulation may ultimately reduce the dependence on operator technique, reduce systemic side effects, and facilitate reproducibility across treatments, through more predictable standardized delivery.
Subject(s)
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Doxorubicin , Drug Delivery Systems , Hydrogels , Needles , Poloxamer , Hydrogels/chemistry , Animals , Doxorubicin/administration & dosage , Doxorubicin/chemistry , Doxorubicin/pharmacology , Drug Delivery Systems/methods , Poloxamer/chemistry , Cattle , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods , Liver/diagnostic imaging , Liver/metabolismABSTRACT
Introduction: Exercise training post-transplant has been shown to improve physical function and quality of life in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Online resources in the form of websites and videos are commonly used to provide education and instruction on exercise and physical activity in SOT; however, the content and quality of these online resources has not been evaluated. Methods: The first 200 websites and videos identified on Google and YouTube using the English search term "exercise and physical activity in solid organ transplantation" were analyzed. Website and video content was evaluated based on 25 key components of exercise and physical activity in SOT as described in established exercise program recommendations. Website and video quality was determined using DISCERN, Global Quality Scale (GQS), and Patient Education Materials and Assessment Tool (PEMAT; threshold for which material is deemed understandable or actionable is >70%). Parametric and non-parametric tests were used to assess website and video characteristics, content, and quality metrics. Results: Forty-nine unique SOT websites (n = 15) and videos (n = 34) were identified, with the two most common categories being foundation/advocacy organizations and scientific resources. The average reading grade level of websites was 13 ± 3. Website and video content scores varied significantly (websites 11.3 ± 6.4; videos 8.4 ± 5.3). DISCERN total score and GQS score were low (median range for DISCERN 2.5-3.0; median for GQS 2.0 for both websites and videos, out of 5). PEMAT understandability and actionability scores were also low across websites and videos (mean range 57%-67% and 47%-65%, respectively). Foundation/advocacy websites had higher content and quality scores compared to scientific organizations and news/media articles. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive assessment of online content and quality of website and video resources on physical activity and exercise in adult SOT recipients. There were a limited number of online English patient-directed resources related to physical activity in SOT, most of which only partly captured items outlined in consensus exercise program recommendations and were of low quality and understandability and actionability. This work provides important insight to the English-speaking transplant community on the current state of online exercise health information and provides future direction for resource development.
ABSTRACT
Liver cancer ranks as the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Direct intratumoral injections of anti-cancer therapeutics may improve therapeutic efficacy and mitigate adverse effects compared to intravenous injections. Some challenges of intratumoral injections are that the liquid drug formulation may not remain localized and have unpredictable volumetric distribution. Thus, drug delivery varies widely, highly-dependent upon technique. An x-ray imageable poloxamer 407 (POL)-based drug delivery gel was developed and characterized, enabling real-time feedback. Utilizing three needle devices, POL or a control iodinated contrast solution were injected into an ex vivo bovine liver. The 3D distribution was assessed with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The 3D distribution of POL gels demonstrated localized spherical morphologies regardless of the injection rate. In addition, the gel 3D conformal distribution could be intentionally altered, depending on the injection technique. When doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded into the POL and injected, DOX distribution on optical imaging matched iodine distribution on CBCT suggesting spatial alignment of DOX and iodine localization in tissue. The controllability and localized deposition of this formulation may ultimately reduce the dependence on operator technique, reduce systemic side effects, and facilitate reproducibility across treatments, through more predictable standardized delivery.
ABSTRACT
More than 25 years after being diagnosed with bipolar disorder and receiving continuous treatment with lithium, a woman develops Takotsubo syndrome.
Subject(s)
Bipolar Disorder , Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy , Female , Humans , Lithium/therapeutic use , Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy/chemically induced , Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy/diagnosis , Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy/complications , Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy , Bipolar Disorder/complications , Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use , Lithium Compounds/adverse effectsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the longitudinal bond strength of a universal adhesive and chemically characterize the dentin substrate under different acid etching protocols. METHODOLOGY: Dentin samples were etched with polyacrylic acid 25% (PAA) for 10 seconds (n=3) and phosphoric acid 32% (PA) for 15 seconds (n=3) and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) before and after treatment. For collagen degradation, samples (n=12) were divided into 3 groups: PAA, PA, and Deionized water (control), and analyzed by the quantity of solubilized type I collagen C-terminal cross-linked telopeptides and solubilized C-terminal peptide in relation to total protein concentration (ICTPtp and CTXtp) and by their ultimate tensile strength (UTS). For the adhesive interface analysis, dentin samples (n=72) were divided into 3 groups: PAA, PA, and Self-etch (SE), and subdivided into 2 groups: 24 h (baseline) and 1 year. The following tests were performed: microtensile bond strength (µTBS) (n=48), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (n=12), and nanoleakage (n=12). RESULTS: The FTIR of PAA showed lower reduction of the peaks in the phosphate group when compared to PA. For ICTPtp, PA showed a significantly higher value. For CTXtp, PA and PAA groups failed to statically differ from each other. UTS was significantly lower for PA. For µTBS, storage time significantly affected bond strength. The results were unaffected by the etching protocol. For SEM, after 1 year, PA had little evidence of degradation in the upper third of the adhesive interface in comparison to the other groups. Nanoleakage showed no considerable silver impregnation after 1 year in the SE group. CONCLUSION: The use of PAA prior to a universal adhesive (when compared to PA) represents a less aggressive type of etching to dentin. However, self-etching still seems to be the best option for universal adhesive systems that have functional monomers in their composition.
Subject(s)
Dental Bonding , Dental Cements , Dentin , Phosphoric Acids , Tensile Strength , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Dentin-Bonding Agents/chemistry , Materials Testing , Resin Cements/chemistryABSTRACT
Evidence of elevated peripheral Neurofilament light-chain (NfL) as a biomarker of neuronal injury can be utilized to reveal nonspecific axonal damage, which could reflect altered neuroimmune function. To date, only a few studies have investigated NfL as a fluid biomarker in schizophrenia primarily, though none in its putative prodrome (Clinical High-Risk, CHR) or in untreated first-episode psychosis (FEP). Further, it is unknown whether peripheral NfL is associated with 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO), a validated neuroimmune marker. In this secondary study, we investigated for the first time (1) serum NfL in early stages of psychosis including CHR and FEP as compared to healthy controls, and (2) examined its association with brain TSPO, using [18F]FEPPA positron emission tomography (PET). Further, in the exploratory analyses, we aimed to assess associations between serum NfL and symptom severity in patient group and cognitive impairment in the combined cohort. A large cohort of 84 participants including 27 FEP (24 antipsychotic-naive), 41 CHR (34 antipsychotic-naive) and 16 healthy controls underwent structural brain MRI and [18F]FEPPA PET scan and their blood samples were obtained and assessed for serum NfL concentrations. We found no significant differences in serum NfL levels across clinical groups, controlling for age. We also found no significant association between NfL levels and brain TSPO in the entire cohort. We observed a negative association between serum NfL and negative symptom severity in CHR. Our findings suggest that neither active neuroaxonal deterioration as measured with NfL nor associated neuroimmune activation (TSPO) is clearly identifiable in an early mostly untreated psychosis sample including its putative high-risk.
ABSTRACT
Background: White matter hyperintensities are lesions of presumed vascular origin associated with Cerebral small vessel disease. WMH are common findings that and are associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. A higher prevalence of WMH has been also reported in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), although the evidence is conflicting. Objective: To compare the prevalence of WMH in adults with BD, with the prevalence found in healthy controls. Methods: We searched the Embase, Medline/PubMed, and references cited in articles retrieved on May 20, 2023. We included case-control studies that compared the prevalence of WMH in adult BD patients with the prevalence of WMH in healthy controls, using T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. We performed a meta-analysis using a random-effects method based on the inverse-variance approach. Findings: We included 22 case-control studies reporting data of 1313 people. The overall rate of WMH was 46.5% in BD patients and 28% in controls (pooled Odds Ratio 2.89, 95% CI 1.76; 4.75). We found a moderate heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 0.49). Publication bias was not significant. Interpretation: We found evidence that BD patients have a higher burden of WMH than healthy controls. Main limitations were impossibility of analyzing gender differences and bipolar type, moderate heterogeneity between studies, non-representative samples, lack of control for major confounders and search in two electronic databases. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023428464.
ABSTRACT
The food industry is looking for substitutes for sucrose in food items due to the excessive consumption of products with added sugar and the demand for healthier products. Alternative natural sweeteners can help achieve this goal. Different types of low-fat yoghurts (1% fat), with low-protein and high-protein levels (3% and 4.5-6.5% protein, respectively), were produced using alternative natural sweeteners. The low-protein yoghurts were made with stevia (0.03% w/w) or agave syrup (4.5% w/w). The high-protein yoghurts were made with stevia (0.04% w/w), xylitol (6% w/w) or honey (6% w/w). Sucrose (6% w/w) was used as a control in both trials. pH and titratable acidity, CIEL*a*b* color parameters, syneresis index, rheology and the texture profile of the low-fat yoghurts were evaluated over refrigerated storage. All products underwent sensory evaluation by an untrained panel. The high-protein yoghurts were found to be more acidic (>1% as lactic acid), had a lower syneresis index (between 2.1 and 16.2%) and a better consistency (stronger gel structure) than the low-protein yoghurts. In terms of rheological parameters, stevia-sweetened yoghurts scored higher than the other sweetened yoghurts, showing a better gel structure. The different sweeteners tested did not significantly affect the sensory properties of the yoghurts, although the high-protein yoghurts scored higher for most of the attributes evaluated. Overall, consumers preferred stevia-sweetened yoghurts to yoghurts sweetened with sucrose or agave for the low-protein yoghurts. Of the tested formulations, those containing high protein with the alternative natural sweetener xylitol received higher scores in all attributes. These results reveal the potential of the tested natural sweeteners as sucrose substitutes, while contributing to improving the nutritional value of yoghurts.
ABSTRACT
Melipona subnitida (Ducke, 1911), a species of stingless bee, popularly known as Jandaíra, has a wide distribution in the Brazilian Northeast region, being an important pollinator of the Caatinga biome. This bee produces products such as honey, geopropolis, pollen (saburá) and wax that are traditionally used for therapeutic purposes and some studies report the biological properties, as well as its chemical composition. This review aimed to select, analyze and gather data published in the literature focusing on the chemical profile and bioactivities described for M. subnitida products. Data collection was carried out through the Capes Journal Portal platform, using the following databases: Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. Original articles published in English and Portuguese were included, with no time limitation. The chemical composition of M. subnitida products has been investigated through chromatographic analysis, demonstrating the presence of a variety of phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids and phenylpropanoids, among other classes of secondary metabolites. These products also have several biological activities, including antioxidant, healing, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antidyslipidemic, antiobesity, antifungal, antibacterial and prebiotic. Among the biological activities reported, the antioxidant activity was the most investigated. These data show that products derived from the stingless bee M. subnitida have promising bioactive compounds. This review provides useful information about the bioactivities and chemical profile of Melipona subnitida bee products, and a direction for future research, which should focus on understanding the mechanisms of action associated with the already elucidated pharmacological activities, as well as the bioactive properties of the main isolate's constituents identified in the chemical composition of these products.
Subject(s)
Honey , Bees , Animals , Honey/analysis , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Phenols/analysis , Antifungal AgentsABSTRACT
Abstract Objective This study aimed to analyze the longitudinal bond strength of a universal adhesive and chemically characterize the dentin substrate under different acid etching protocols. Methodology Dentin samples were etched with polyacrylic acid 25% (PAA) for 10 seconds (n=3) and phosphoric acid 32% (PA) for 15 seconds (n=3) and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) before and after treatment. For collagen degradation, samples (n=12) were divided into 3 groups: PAA, PA, and Deionized water (control), and analyzed by the quantity of solubilized type I collagen C-terminal cross-linked telopeptides and solubilized C-terminal peptide in relation to total protein concentration (ICTPtp and CTXtp) and by their ultimate tensile strength (UTS). For the adhesive interface analysis, dentin samples (n=72) were divided into 3 groups: PAA, PA, and Self-etch (SE), and subdivided into 2 groups: 24 h (baseline) and 1 year. The following tests were performed: microtensile bond strength (μTBS) (n=48), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (n=12), and nanoleakage (n=12). Results The FTIR of PAA showed lower reduction of the peaks in the phosphate group when compared to PA. For ICTPtp, PA showed a significantly higher value. For CTXtp, PA and PAA groups failed to statically differ from each other. UTS was significantly lower for PA. For μTBS, storage time significantly affected bond strength. The results were unaffected by the etching protocol. For SEM, after 1 year, PA had little evidence of degradation in the upper third of the adhesive interface in comparison to the other groups. Nanoleakage showed no considerable silver impregnation after 1 year in the SE group. Conclusion The use of PAA prior to a universal adhesive (when compared to PA) represents a less aggressive type of etching to dentin. However, self-etching still seems to be the best option for universal adhesive systems that have functional monomers in their composition.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: desvelar os conceitos e percepções da sexualidade de mulheres idosas e os impactos em suas vidas. Método: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo exploratório-descritivo, com onze entrevistadas, mulheres entre 60 e 80 anos de idade, usuárias de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde, localizada no noroeste do Paraná. Resultados: observou-se que as mulheres idosas, em sua maioria, relacionam a sexualidade ao ato sexual e, consequentemente, depende de seu parceiro e percebem o ato como algo exclusivo do casamento e que depende do marido para acontecer. Conclusão: conclui-se que a sexualidade, apesar do conceito ter relação direta com o ato sexual, podem produzir influência em sua autoestima, na dinâmica familiar e busca pela assistência de saúde.
Objective: to reveal the concepts and perceptions of elderly women's sexuality and the impacts on their lives. Method: this is an exploratory-descriptive qualitative study, with eleven interviewees, women between 60 and 80 years of age, users of a Basic Health Unit, located in the northwest of Paraná. Results: it was observed that the majority of elderly women relate sexuality to the sexual act and, consequently, depend on their partner and perceive the act as something exclusive to marriage and that it depends on the husband to happen. Conclusion: It is concluded that sexuality, despite the concept having a direct relationship with the sexual act, can influence self-esteem, family dynamics and the search for health care.
Objetivos: revelar los conceptos y percepciones sobre la sexualidad de las mujeres mayores y los impactos en sus vidas. Método: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo exploratorio-descriptivo, con once entrevistadas, mujeres entre 60 y 80 años, usuarias de una Unidad Básica de Salud, ubicada en el noroeste de Paraná. Resultados: se observó que la mayoría de las mujeres mayores relacionan la sexualidad con el acto sexual y, en consecuencia, dependen de su pareja y perciben el acto como algo exclusivo del matrimonio y que depende del marido para realizarse. Conclusión: se concluye que la sexualidad, apesar de que el concepto tiene relación directa con el acto sexual, puede influir en la autoestima, la dinámica familiar y la búsqueda de atención de salud.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Women , Aged , Sexuality/psychology , Sexual Health , Gender RoleABSTRACT
Arthropod-borne viruses within the Flaviviridae family such as Zika (ZIKV) and dengue (DENV) are responsible for major outbreaks in tropical countries, and there are no specific treatments against them. Naringenin and 7-O-methyl naringenin are flavonoids that can be extracted from geopropolis, a natural material that the Brazilian Jandaira stingless bee (Melipona subnitida Ducke) produces to protect its nest. Here, these flavonoids were tested against ZIKV and DENV using Vero cells as a cellular model to perform a cytotoxicity assay and to define the effective concentrations of TCID50 as the readout method. The results demonstrated the antiviral activity of the compounds against both viruses upon the treatment of infected cells. The tested flavonoids had antiviral activity comparable with 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside (6-MMPr), used here as a positive control. In addition, to identify the possible action mechanism of the antiviral candidates, we carried out a docking analysis followed by a molecular dynamics simulation to elucidate naringenin and 7-O-methyl naringenin binding sites to each virus. Altogether, these results demonstrate that both flavonoids have potent antiviral effects against both viruses and warrant further in vivo trials.
ABSTRACT
Food systems drive change, which can accelerate the process of ending hunger, improving diets and protecting the environment. This is the attribution given to the Brazilian National School Feeding Program (Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar-PNAE), which was created to supply 15% of the food needs of millions of children in Brazilian schools. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to create a framework to analyze learnings in the PNAE that contribute to the development of a sustainable food system in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. For this, a qualitative descriptive survey with abductive logic was chosen through a study of multiple cases and semistructured interviews as its strategy. It was noticed that individuals tended to group themselves in accordance with their learning level. A group in which instrumental learning was prevailing would tend to strictly follow the rules. Groups that already had communicative learning would be more proactive and look for improvements. However, when they would reach emancipatory learning, they would become more willing to disrupt initiatives to create new perspectives to solve problems. From that, decisions became political, and the more organized the groups became, the more power they had to allow their ideas to prevail.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Assessing the quality of life (QOL) of children with early onset scoliosis (EOS) has been discussed recently. Therefore, the study aimed to apply and correlate the 24-item Early Onset Scoliosis Questionnaire (EOSQ-24) with the 50-item Childhood Health Questionnaire (CHQ-PF50) to find predictive factors impacting QOL. METHODS: Cross-sectional study involving a population of caregivers of patients with EOS. The sample consisted of 72 patients. Two research assistants applied the Portuguese version of the EOSQ-24 and CHQ-PF50 in 3 treatment centers. The EOSQ-24 assesses the subjective response of children with EOS from the parent's point of view. The CHQ is a self-administered questionnaire or parental proxy assessment of the psychological and social status of children aged 5 to 18 years. RESULTS: Of 72 patients, 41 (56.9%) were females, mean age of 11.9 ± 4.2 years. The most common scoliosis was of neuromuscular origin (32%). The CHQ-PF50 showed that family-related items had significant scores. The most affected subcategory was physical function (45.5), and the least affected was mental health (90.8). Thus, the CHQ-PF50 PhS summary index was 27, and the CHQ-PF50 PsS was 71.7. Moreover, the critical categories for the EOSQ-24 questionnaire were daily life and physical function (45.1 and 47.8, respectively), and the least affected categories were transfer and pulmonary function (70.8 and 68.9, respectively). Four subcategories showed a strong correlation between both questionnaires: general health (r = 0.749, P < 0.001), physical function (r = 0.645, P < 0.001), bodily pain (r = 0.714, P < 0.001), and mental health (r = 0.424, P < 0.001). Using CHQ-PF50 as a dependent variable in multiple regression analysis (P = 0.028), the only variable affecting the scores was syndromic scoliosis (P = 0.019; 95% CI -27.4 to -2.5). CONCLUSION: A strong correlation between both questionnaires was seen for general health, physical function, bodily pain, and mental health. Syndromic scoliosis was a predictor of worse QOL according to the CHQ-PF50.
ABSTRACT
Este relatório engloba a descrição, análise e reflexão sobre as atividades desenvolvidas no estágio de natureza profissional que contribuíram para o aprimoramento e aquisição de competências como Enfermeira Especialista em Enfermagem de Reabilitação no cuidado do doente crítico nos cuidados intensivos e culmina com a apresentação do trabalho de investigação desenvolvido em contexto de estágio essencial para a aquisição do grau de Mestre. Introdução: A pessoa em situação crítica é aquela que experiencia ameaça da vida por falência ou eminência de falência de uma ou mais funções vitais. A disfagia concerne ao comprometimento da função de deglutição e traduz-se pela alteração do ato de comer, dificuldade ou incapacidade de preparação do bolo alimentar e/ou do seu transporte desde a boca até ao estômago. Na pessoa internada em cuidados intensivos, a disfagia pode ter uma etiologia multifatorial, sendo que a ventilação mecânica invasiva é um fator predispõe à sua ocorrência. Objetivo: Capacitar a equipa de enfermagem para o rastreio da disfagia após a extubação orotraqueal no doente em cuidados intensivos. Material e métodos: Utilizou-se a metodologia de trabalho de projeto. Na fase de diagnóstico de situação, foi realizado um estudo transversal, descritivo e observacional, com abordagem quantitativa. O instrumento de recolha de dados incluiu um questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica, a avaliação dos conhecimentos acerca dos fatores de risco e das intervenções a executar na prestação de cuidados à pessoa com disfagia após-extubação e uma grelha de observação das práticas de enfermagem. Resultados: Participaram no estudo 35 enfermeiros de cuidados gerais, a maioria do sexo feminino e que, em média, exercem enfermagem em cuidados intensivos há 13,7 anos. A totalidade dos participantes identifica o comprometimento neurológico e a fraqueza neuromuscular como fatores de risco para a disfagia pós-extubação. Verificouse discrepância entre as práticas observadas e as intervenções de enfermagem que os enfermeiros identificam como necessárias na prestação de cuidados à pessoa em situação crítica com disfagia pós-extubação. Apenas três intervenções foram realizadas pela totalidade dos enfermeiros observados, e coincidiam com o que diziam executar, por outro lado, verificou-se que as intervenções com taxas superiores a 80% nos questionários não foram observadas na prática. Conclusão: O Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Reabilitação é determinante na avaliação e diagnóstico do comprometimento da deglutição após extubação e na capacitação dos pares. Na amostra em estudo, os enfermeiros apresentam conhecimentos sobre fatores de risco e intervenções de enfermagem, mas não o demonstram na prática clínica. A avaliação imediata das atividades revelou que o nível de satisfação dos participantes foi elevado, quer no que diz respeito aos aspetos estruturais e processuais da atividade, quer em relação à perceção da pertinência e adequação dos conhecimentos e práticas à realidade. Os níveis de avaliação seguintes, a avaliação dos conhecimentos, dos comportamentos e a avaliação dos resultados e impacto da formação foram propostas deixadas ao serviço pela investigadora. Em cuidados intensivos, considera-se fundamental a definição e implementação de um programa de intervenção que permita a abordagem efetiva à pessoa em situação crítica com disfagia.
This report includes the description, analysis and reflection of the activities developed during the internship, that contributed to the improvement and acquisition of skills as a rehabilitation specialist nurse in care of critically ill patients in intensive care units and culminates with the presentation of the work of research developed in the context of an internship essential for the acquisition of a master's degree. Introduction: The person in critical situation is one who experiences threat of life by failure or eminence of failure of one or more vital functions. Dysphagia is a swallowing disorder manifested by changes in the act of eating, difficulty, or inability to prepare the food bolus and/or transport it from the mouth to the stomach. In people hospitalized in intensive care, dysphagia may have a multifactorial etiology, with invasive mechanical ventilation being a predisposing factor to its occurrence. Objectives: To assess the knowledge of intensive care unit nurses about postextubation dysphagia; Characterize the interventions carried out by nurses in the evaluation of swallowing in patients in intensive care. Material and methods: The project methodology was used to identify needs and plan the intervention. In the situation diagnosis phase, a cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study was carried out, with a quantitative approach. The data collection instrument includes a sociodemographic characterization questionnaire, the assessment of knowledge about risk factors and interventions to be carried out in the care of people with post-extubation dysphagia and a grid for observing nursing practices. Two activities were implemented according to identified needs. Results: The study included 35 general care nurses, most of whom were female and who, on average, had been working in intensive care for 13.7 years. All participants identify respiratory impairment and neuromuscular weakness as risk factors for postextubation dysphagia. There was a discrepancy between the observed practices and the nursing interventions that the nurses identified as necessary in providing care to people in a critical situation with post-extubation dysphagia. Only three interventions were carried out by all the nurses observed, and they coincided with what they said they were doing. On the other hand, interventions with rates greater than 80% in compliance were not observed in practice. Conclusion: The Rehabilitation Specialist Nurse is crucial in the assessment and diagnosis of swallowing disorders after extubation and in peer training. In the study sample, nurses have knowledge about risk factors and nursing interventions for impaired swallowing, but do not demonstrate this in clinical practice. The immediate evaluation of the activities revealed that the level of satisfaction of the participants was high, both regarding the structural and procedural aspects of the activity, and in relation to the perception of the pertinence and adequacy of knowledge and practices to reality. The following evaluation levels, the evaluation of knowledge, of behavior and the evaluation of training results and impact were proposals from the researcher to the intensive care unit. In intensive care, it is essential to define and implement an intervention program that allows an effective approach to the person in a critical situation with dysphagia.
Subject(s)
Deglutition Disorders , Rehabilitation Nursing , Critical Care , Intubation, IntratrachealABSTRACT
No puerpério, a mulher passa por intensas mudanças de ordem familiar e social, como também de adaptações psicológicas e biológicas, que são marcadas por alterações metabólicas e hormonais complexas, sendo a fase de maior risco para o desenvolvimento de algum transtorno mental. Objetivo:Realizar uma revisão da literatura paraidentificar a assistência à saúde nos transtornos mentais no período de puerpério. Metodologia:Estudo descritivo na modalidade revisão integrativa, realizado com artigos originais disponíveis nas línguas portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola, publicados nas bases de dados Scientific Electronic LibraryOnline (SCIELO) e Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), no período de 2015 a 2021 com os seguintes descritores: assistência de enfermagem, transtornos mentais e períodopós-parto. Resultados:Foram encontrados 58artigos, dos quais 17foram selecionados ao final do processo. 10 trabalhos evidenciaram fatores associados com transtorno mental, 4 trabalhos descreveram medidas de proteção e 3 abordaram ações assistenciais de saúde na intervenção dos transtornos mentais no puerpério. Conclusões:Após análise da literatura, observa-seque o baixo suporte social e familiar se mostraram como principais fatores de risco associados aos transtornos mentais para a puérpera. Já os fatores de proteção foram relacionados com aumento do apoio familiar e assistencial por meio dos serviços de saúde, bem como a importância da enfermagem na implementação de estratégias preventivas para os transtornos mentais no puerpério (AU).
In the puerperium, women undergoes intense changes of family and social order, as well as psychological and biological adaptations, which are marked by complex metabolic and hormonal alterations, being the phase of greatest risk for the development of somemental disorder. Objective: Conduct a review of the literature to identify health care in mental disorders in the postpartum period.Methodology:Descriptive study in the integrative review modality, carried out with original articles available in Portuguese, English and Spanish, published in the scientific electronic library online (SCIELO) and Latin American literature in health sciences (LILACS) databases, from 2015 to 2021 with the following descriptors: nursing care, mental disorders and postpartum period.Results:Fifty-eight articles were found, of which 17 were selected at the end of the process. 10 studies showed factors associated with mental disorder, 4 studies described protective measures and 3 addressed health care actions in the intervention of mental disorders in the puerperium.Conclusions:After analyzing the literature, we observed that low social and family support were shown to be the main risk factors associated with mental disorders for the puerperal. On the other hand, the protective factors were related to increased family and care support through health services, as well as the importance of nursing in the implementation of preventive strategies for mental disorders in the puerperium (AU).
En el puerperio, la mujer sufre intensos cambios de orden familiar y social, así como adaptaciones psicológicas y biológicas, que se caracterizan por complejas alteraciones metabólicas y hormonales, siendo la fase de mayor riesgo para el desarrollo de algún trastorno mental.Objetivo:Realizar una revisión de la literatura para identificar la atención médica en los trastornos mentales en el período posparto. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo en la modalidad de revisión integradora, realizado con artículos originales disponibles en portugués, inglés y español, publicados en las bases de datos de la biblioteca científica electrónica en línea (SCIELO) y de la literatura latinoamericana en ciencias de la salud (LILACS), de 2015 a 2021 con los siguientes descriptores: cuidados de enfermería, trastornos mentales y puerperio.Resultados: Se encontraron cincuenta y ocho artículos, de los cuales 17 fueron seleccionados al final del proceso. 10 estudios mostraron factores asociadosal trastorno mental, 4 estudios describieron medidas de protección y 3 abordaron acciones de atención sanitaria en la intervención de los trastornos mentales en el puerperio.Conclusiones: Después de analizar la literatura, observamos que el bajo apoyo social y familiar demostró ser el principal factor de riesgo asociado a los trastornos mentales para el puerperal. Por otro lado, los factores protectores se relacionaron con el aumento del apoyo familiar y asistencial a través de los servicios de salud, asícomo la importancia de la enfermería en la implementación de estrategias preventivas para los trastornos mentales en el puerperio (AU).