Consultas terapêuticas familiares no tratamento do comportamento agressivo em crianças / Therapeutic family consultations in the treatment of agressive behavior in children

Relato de estudo no qual foi aplicado o modelo consultas terapêuticas familiares (CTF) no tratamento defamílias de crianças agressivas. Esse modelo foi desenvolvido pelas autoras com base nos trabalhos de R.Benenzon, em musicoterapia, e D. Winnicott, em consultas terapêuticas. Participaram seis famílias, comas quais foram realizadas entrevista inicial (EI), hora interativa (HI) e sessão com os cuidadores (SC), emunidades ambulatoriais. Em alguns casos, houve observações na escola (OEs). As EIs, HIs, OEs e SCsforam registradas por escrito, e as HIs foram gravadas em aúdio e vídeo. A análise constatou, nascrianças, diminuição dos comportamentos agressivos relacionados aos sentimentos de insegurança edesconfiança em relação aos cuidadores. Havendo adesão dos principais cuidadores, o modelo mostrouseviável e fecundo(AU)

Genetic parameters and mapping quantitative trait loci associated with tibia traits in broilers.

Selection among broilers for performance traits is resulting in locomotion problems and bone disorders, once skeletal structure is not strong enough to support body weight in broilers with high growth rates. In this study, genetic parameters were estimated for body weight at 42 days of age (BW42), and tibia traits (length, width, and weight) in a population of broiler chickens. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for tibia traits to expand our knowledge of the genetic architecture of the broiler population. Genetic correlations ranged from 0.56 ± 0.18 (between tibia length and BW42) to 0.89 ± 0.06 (between tibia width and weight), suggesting that these traits are either controlled by pleiotropic genes or by genes that are in linkage disequilibrium. For QTL mapping, the genome was scanned with 127 microsatellites, representing a coverage of 2630 cM. Eight QTL were mapped on Gallus gallus chromosomes (GGA): GGA1, GGA4, GGA6, GGA13, and GGA24. The QTL regions for tibia length and weight were mapped on GGA1, between LEI0079 and MCW145 markers. The gene DACH1 is located in this region; this gene acts to form the apical ectodermal ridge, responsible for limb development. Body weight at 42 days of age was included in the model as a covariate for selection effect of bone traits. Two QTL were found for tibia weight on GGA2 and GGA4, and one for tibia width on GGA3. Information originating from these QTL will assist in the search for candidate genes for these bone traits in future studies.

Difficulties in implementing an organized screening program for breast cancer in Brazil with emphasis on diagnostic methods.

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women, and the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Among early detection methods, screening by mammography has been used in most developed countries as gold standard. The goal of this study was to evaluate the difficulties and opportunities in implementing breast cancer screening in Brazil, with an emphasis on the diagnostic methods used according to stage distribution. METHODS: Between 2007 and 2009, 248 women were diagnosed with breast cancer in the Barretos region. Most of these were interviewed in their homes using a questionnaire with sociodemographic and preventive breast cancer screening questions. All other data were obtained from Barretos Cancer Hospital (BCH) medical records. RESULTS: The screening program conducted by BCH was responsible for 46.1% of diagnosed cases, with 30.1% of these referred from the private system and 23.8% from the public system. Among asymptomatic women screened by the BCH Screening Program 70.8% had clinical stage 0-I disease, compared with 58.1% in the private and 50% in the public systems. Monthly breast self-examination was reported by 48.5% of the women. Clinical breast examinations were regularly performed by 88.9% of gynecologists in the private and 40.7% in the public health systems. Only 5.6% of the women reported difficulty in accessing mammography and this was most frequently due to fear of the disease or lack of knowledge about mammography in asymptomatic women. CONCLUSION: This breast cancer screening program resulted in a substantial number of patients presenting with clinical stage (CS) 0-I disease. The success of this program was due to intensive community interventions, free mammography, and the availability of health care and mammography close to patients' homes.

Histological characterization of Sticholecitha serpentis Prudhoe, 1949 (Digenea, Bieriidae, Sticholecithinae), parasite of Bothrops moojeni Hoge, 1966 (serpentes, viperidae)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphology of the species Sticholecitha serpentis Prudhoe, 1949 by means of histological procedures. Helminths were previously fixed in Railliet & Henry solution, uncompressed and were included in 2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate. Longitudinal and transverse serial sections with a 4-mm thickness were performed in a microtome (Leica RM 2165), stained with haematoxylin-eosin and then analyzed in a computerized image analysis system (Qwin Lite 2.5, Leica). Structures of systematic value, such as oral sucker, acetabulum, prepharynx, pharynx, esophagus, intestinal caeca, vitelline glands, ovary, uterus, cirrus pouch and testicles were described. Structures that were poorly visible in total preparations were also observed and described, such as efferent ducts, ejaculatory duct, prostate, seminal vesicle, seminal receptacle, Laurer’s channel, Mehlis’ gland, vitelline ducts, metraterm, genital atrium, digestive glands and excretory vesicle. We demonstrated that histological analysis can supply important data regarding the morphological characterization of S. serpentis and will be able to contribute to systematic studies of trematodes

Relationship between plasma lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity and plasma triglyceride concentration in non-pregnant and pregnant Brazilian women.

Plasma concentrations of total, esterified and unesterified cholesterol, total phospholipid and triglyceride (TG) and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity were measured for 28 young non-pregnant women and for 31 young pregnant women from the city of Campina Grande, Brazil. During pregnancy plasma lipid levels and LCAT activity were successively increased and subsequently fell in post-partum samples. For both non-pregnant women and during each trimester of pregnancy and post-partum the activity of LCAT was significantly and positively correlated with the plasma concentrations of each lipid, the highest degree of correlation being found between LCAT and TG. No significant increase in plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol occurred during pregnancy, and this parameter was not significantly correlated with LCAT activity in either pregnant or non-pregnant women. Instead low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was significantly increased in pregnancy and was significantly, positively, correlated with LCAT activity in both pregnant and non-pregnant women. The results emphasize the probable importance of LCAT in the metabolism of LDL and triglyceride-rich very low density lipoproteins, and pregnancy may provide a useful model for further studies of the physiological role of LCAT.