ABSTRACT
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or increased albumin excretion leading to renal injury. However, exercise training is an important non-pharmacological intervention that ameliorates and protects against Diabetes Mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and CKD. AIM: Our aim was to evaluate the capability of resistance exercise training (RET) to improve CKD outcomes and the contribution of the renal and muscular Akt/mTOR signaling pathway for RET beneficial effects on a CKD model. MAIN METHODS: Male Wistar rats were subjected to RET, followed for 10 weeks, and randomly divided into 5 groups: Sham: Sham-operated; sedentary and nephrectomy (5/6Nx) (SNS); exercising post-5/6Nx (SNE); exercising pre-5/6Nx (ENS); exercising pre- and post-5/6Nx (ENE). The systolic blood pressure (BP) was measured. Creatinine, proteinuria, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were evaluated. After euthanasia Renal and muscular Akt/mTOR signaling pathways were analyzed. KEY FINDING: Our study showed that the SNS presented renal injury, hypertension, weight and muscular mass loss and a higher mortality rate. SNS group also decreased renal IL-10 and increased TNF-alfa and TGF-Beta. Renal AKT, mTOR, and rpS6 pathway were increased, PTEN was decreased on SNS. And muscular Akt and mTOR were decreased on SNS. SIGNIFICANCE: The RET before and after the 5/6Nx ameliorates all these parameters mentioned above, suggesting that RET is a good non-pharmacological approach to diminish complications frequently found in CKD. We also suggest that the AKT-m-TOR pathway can play an important role in these beneficial outcomes of RET on the CKD animal model.
Subject(s)
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Resistance Training , Animals , Creatine/analogs & derivatives , Creatine/blood , Creatine/urine , Disease Models, Animal , Male , Nephrectomy , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the method of choice to search for epileptogenic lesions. We correlated MRI findings with the epileptogenic zone (EZ) depicted by clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) data. We studied 400 clinical records of patients who had been submitted to MRI studies and we analyzed, retrospectively, their ictal semiology, EEG characteristics and response to treatment. They were classified into 3 groups: A) temporal lobe epilepsy, B) frontal lobe epilepsy and C) parieto-occipital epilepsy. We included 155 patients: Group A) 68 cases (43.9%), 28 men (41.1%), mean age 32 +/- 11 years old, abnormal IMR in 44 (64.7%), refractory to treatment 48 (70.5%). Group B) 68 cases (43.9%), 38 men (55.8%), mean age 30 +/- 15 years old, abnormal IMR in 26 (38.2%), refractory to treatment 30 (44.1%). Group C) 19 cases (12.2%), 13 men (68.4%), mean age 27 +/- 11 years old, abnormal IMR in 11 (57.8%), refractory to treatment 12 (63.1%). Results showed that there were higher possibilities of detecting lesions which correlate with EZ in temporal than in frontal or parieto-occipital lobes epilepsy. The chances to find abnormalities on the MRI were 5 times higher in refractory patients than in those who were non-refractory.
Subject(s)
Electroencephalography/methods , Epilepsies, Partial/physiopathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Epilepsies, Partial/drug therapy , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Odds Ratio , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the method of choice to search for epileptogenic lesions. We correlated MRI findings with the epileptogenic zone (EZ) depicted by clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) data. We studied 400 clinical records of patients who had been submitted to MRI studies and we analyzed, retrospectively, their ictal semiology, EEG characteristics and response to treatment. They were classified into 3 groups: A) temporal lobe epilepsy, B) frontal lobe epilepsy and C) parieto-occipital epilepsy. We included 155 patients: Group A) 68 cases (43.9
), 28 men (41.1
), mean age 32 +/- 11 years old, abnormal IMR in 44 (64.7
), refractory to treatment 48 (70.5
). Group B) 68 cases (43.9
), 38 men (55.8
), mean age 30 +/- 15 years old, abnormal IMR in 26 (38.2
), refractory to treatment 30 (44.1
). Group C) 19 cases (12.2
), 13 men (68.4
), mean age 27 +/- 11 years old, abnormal IMR in 11 (57.8
), refractory to treatment 12 (63.1
). Results showed that there were higher possibilities of detecting lesions which correlate with EZ in temporal than in frontal or parieto-occipital lobes epilepsy. The chances to find abnormalities on the MRI were 5 times higher in refractory patients than in those who were non-refractory.
