ABSTRACT
As vacinas são um dos instrumentos mais importantes para a saúde pública. O registro sanitário é uma das ferramentas que a vigilância sanitária dispõe para controlar a entrada de todos os medicamentos e constitui a base das informações sobre eles para o Sistema de Vigilância Sanitária. No caso da meningite meningocócica, doença causada pela bactéria Neisseria meningitidis (Nm), várias vacinas foram desenvolvidas inicialmente contra os sorogrupos A, C, W135 e Y, utilizando-se os polissacarídeos capsulares. Pelo fato de o antígeno polissacarídico do sorogrupo B não induzir boa resposta imunológica em seres humanos, outras estratégias vacinais foram testadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi mapear as patentes de produtos vacinais contra o sorogrupo B, depositadas no período de 1990 a 2005, e comparar esses pedidos com vacinas registradas. O levantamento dos pedidos de patentes foi realizado utilizando-se as bases de dados eletrônicos do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI) e do Escritório de Patentes Europeu (EPO), a partir de janeiro de 1995. Várias patentes solicitam proteção dos antígenos presentes em vacina já registrada, o que não caracteriza inovação. Os maiores depositantes de patentes são as multinacionais, o que mostra a necessidade de incremento dessa pesquisa aplicada por instituições brasileiras.
Subject(s)
Brazil , Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B , Patents as Topic , Meningococcal Vaccines , Health SurveillanceABSTRACT
Considering the background of morbidity and mortality caused by human rotavirus, detection methods that use rotavirus group antigen (VP6) in either enzyme immunoassay (EIA) or latex agglutination test (LAT) has been employed routinely in clinical diagnostic and epidemiological studies. In order to develop a rapid and sensitive rotavirus group A LAT, part of segment 6 corresponding to conserved N-terminal portion of the VP6 (1-245 aa) was cloned in Escherichia coli expression pGEX vector (glutathione S-transferase-GST gene fusion system) that has been modified previously containing a histidine tail at C-terminus. The immunological propriety of the recombinant VP6 having a total molecular weight of 52 kDa was evaluated by Western blot and by the ability of inducing anti-recombinant VP6 polyclonal antibodies in rabbit. The polyclonal serum produced was conjugated to a latex support to detect rotavirus in stool specimens. The percentage values for sensitivity and specificity of the rotavirus group A LAT were 98.5% and 100%, respectively.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral , Latex Fixation Tests/methods , Rotavirus Infections/diagnosis , Rotavirus/isolation & purification , Animals , Antibodies, Viral/isolation & purification , Antigens, Viral/genetics , Antigens, Viral/immunology , Capsid Proteins/genetics , Capsid Proteins/immunology , Child , Cloning, Molecular , Escherichia coli/genetics , Feces/virology , Gene Expression , Humans , Rabbits , Recombinant Proteins/genetics , Recombinant Proteins/immunology , Rotavirus Infections/virology , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C capsular polysaccharide (MenCPS) is an important antigen against meningococcal infection. This paper describes a new purification methodology employing liquid chromatography that resulted in a polysaccharide showing the characteristics recommended by the World Health Organization for vaccine purposes. In this method, steps of the traditional procedure that yield low recovery and use toxic materials were modified. The present process consists in the following steps: (1) continuous flow centrifugation of the culture for removal of the cells; (2) supernatant concentration by tangential filtration (100 kDa cutoff); (3) addition of 0.5% DOC, heating to 55 degrees C during 30 min and tangential filtration (100 kDa cutoff); (4) anion exchange chromatography (Source 15Q) and (5) size exclusion chromatography (Sepharose CL-4B). The polysaccharide C fraction obtained in that way was dialyzed and freeze-dried. The structural identity of the polysaccharide was demonstrated by (1)H-NMR spectrometry.
