Hydrodissection in the construction of conjunctival flaps in dogs

Background: Hydrodissection is a minimally invasive procedure that consists of injecting fluid into an anatomical space to facilitate dissection during surgery. Although this procedure is employed in several areas of veterinary medicine, including ophthalmology, there are no reports of the use of this maneuver in conjunctival procedures in dogs. The use of this technique can facilitate the construction of conjunctival pedicle flaps, thereby improving the results. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the use of hydrodissection in the construction of conjunctival pedicle flaps in dogs. Materials, Methods & Results: The sample consisted of 20 eyes from 10 healthy dogs that had been subjected to elective surgical procedures of ovariohysterectomy and orchiectomy. The dogs were divided into 2 groups; the 1st group of 10 eyes underwent hydrodissection and the 2nd group of 10 eyes did not. All the patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination and assessment of their systemic conditions. The patients were then anesthetized and the procedures were performed under a surgical microscope. In the group subjected to hydrodissection, the conjunctival flap was prepared by means of a previous subconjunctival injection of 0.7 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride, followed by preparation of the flap. In the group without hydrodissection, the flap was prepared by means of conventional divulsion using iris scissors. After producing the conjunctival flaps, a conjunctival fragment was collected from both groups for histological analysis and evaluation of the presence of the Tenon capsule. The operating time, degree of hemorrhage and ease of handling the conjunctiva in the intraoperative period were evaluated. Postoperative evaluations were performed at 1, 7 and 14 days after surgery and included: blepharospasm, conjunctival hyperemia and edema, which were classified as absent, mild, moderate or severe; tear production was evaluated using the Schirmer test, and the appearance of the conjunctival scar was assessed based on photographs taken in the postoperative period, and by a visual analogue scale, with healing classified as fair, good or excellent. The 2 groups showed no statistical difference in terms of operating time, bleeding, ease of handling and conjunctival divulsion. A volume of 0.48 ± 0.12 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride was administered to the conjunctiva. Postoperative assessments of hyperemia, blepharospasm, conjunctival edema, and tear production also did not differ statistically. Conjunctival scarring was considered optimal until the 14th postoperative day, with no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. These results demonstrate that both maneuvers are effective in creating conjunctival flaps. The Tenon capsule could not be identified in histological stains. Discussion: The literature offers numerous descriptions of the use of hydrodissection in surgical procedures in humans in order to facilitate dissection and reduce surgical duration and handling, thereby improving the clinical recovery of patients. Conversely, this technique has not been described frequently in veterinary medicine, notably with respect to conjunctival procedures. In this study, we demonstrated that conjunctival hydrodissection was perfectly feasible, contributing to the divulsion and preparation of conjunctival flaps, thus proving to be a viable option for this type of procedure. The absence of the Tenon capsule in the evaluated samples demonstrates that, in both groups, the techniques were effective in separating them from the conjunctiva. It was therefore concluded that the hydrodissection technique is a feasible maneuver in the construction of conjunctival flaps, providing a new option for surgeons, especially for novice ophthalmologists.

Inseminação artificial por laparoscopia em ovinos: proposição de uma técnica anestésica / Artificial insemination by laparoscopy in sheep: proposition of an anesthetic technique

The objective of this study demonstrates that intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) total can be practical atthe field level with safety and practicality. 8 ewes were inseminated by laparoscopy under TIVA Glyceryl EtherGuaiacol (EGG) (50mg/ml), ketamine (1mg/ml) and xylazine (0.05mg / ml) in 5% glucose solution afterpremedication with xylazine and morphine and induction with ketamine and midazolam. physiological variableswere evaluated (HR, FR, T and SpO2) and electrocardiographic and qualitative parameters of anesthesia.Changes in variables HR, FR, T and some electrocardiographic variables were recorded, with no clinicalrepercussion, it is concluded that TIVA proposal gives anesthetic sufficient quality to perform the inseminationby laparoscopy safely, but intubation and oxygenation of patients are essential factors for the success of thetechnique.(AU)

Estudo retrospectivo das urgências reprodutivas em cães e gatos no Hospital Veterinário Escola “Francisco Edilberto Uchoa Lopes” da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão / Retrospective study the emergencies reproductive in dogs and cats in Veterinary Hospital School "Francisco Edilberto Uchoa Lopes" the State University of Maranhão

The objective of this study was to identify key reproductive urgencies and some predisposing factors ofcases treated at the Veterinary Hospital "Francisco Edilberto Uchoa Lopes" Maranhao, Brazil. 12.546 recordswere evaluated and found a total of 4.57% of the cases treated . Adult dogs and young cats were the mostaffected and the most common pathologies were pyometra and fetal death, respectively. Factors such as age,species and race influenced the occurrence of cases. Therefore, it is concluded that the changes of thereproductive tract are common in clinical and understanding of associated factors can lead to early diagnosis,with decreased mortality of affected animals.(AU)

Inseminação artificial por laparoscopia em ovinos: proposição de uma técnica anestésica / Artificial insemination by laparoscopy in sheep: proposition of an anesthetic technique

The objective of this study demonstrates that intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) total can be practical atthe field level with safety and practicality. 8 ewes were inseminated by laparoscopy under TIVA Glyceryl EtherGuaiacol (EGG) (50mg/ml), ketamine (1mg/ml) and xylazine (0.05mg / ml) in 5% glucose solution afterpremedication with xylazine and morphine and induction with ketamine and midazolam. physiological variableswere evaluated (HR, FR, T and SpO2) and electrocardiographic and qualitative parameters of anesthesia.Changes in variables HR, FR, T and some electrocardiographic variables were recorded, with no clinicalrepercussion, it is concluded that TIVA proposal gives anesthetic sufficient quality to perform the inseminationby laparoscopy safely, but intubation and oxygenation of patients are essential factors for the success of thetechnique.

Estudo retrospectivo das urgências reprodutivas em cães e gatos no Hospital Veterinário Escola “Francisco Edilberto Uchoa Lopes” da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão / Retrospective study the emergencies reproductive in dogs and cats in Veterinary Hospital School "Francisco Edilberto Uchoa Lopes" the State University of Maranhão

The objective of this study was to identify key reproductive urgencies and some predisposing factors ofcases treated at the Veterinary Hospital "Francisco Edilberto Uchoa Lopes" Maranhao, Brazil. 12.546 recordswere evaluated and found a total of 4.57% of the cases treated . Adult dogs and young cats were the mostaffected and the most common pathologies were pyometra and fetal death, respectively. Factors such as age,species and race influenced the occurrence of cases. Therefore, it is concluded that the changes of thereproductive tract are common in clinical and understanding of associated factors can lead to early diagnosis,with decreased mortality of affected animals.