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1.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 17(4,supl.3): 1041-1048, 2015. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-776596

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a ação antifúngica dos extratos de Allamanda blanchetti A.DC. e Momordica charantia L. no controle de Colletotrichumgloesporioides e qualidade pós-colheita em frutos de mamoeiro da cultivar Sunrise solo. Os experimentos foram conduzidos nos Laboratório de Fitopatologia e Laboratório de Produtos de Origem Animal, CCA-UFPB, Campus.II, Areia-PB. Os frutos foram colhidos no estádio 1 de maturação, em seguida, sanitizados com hipoclorito de sódio a 1% por três minutos e pulverizados com os extratos etanólicos de A. blanchetti e M. charantia nas concentrações: 0, 10, 100, 500 e 1000 µg.mL-1. Os frutos foram distribuídos em bandejas de polipropileno expandido em temperatura ambiente (23±2 °C) e umidade relativa em torno de 70%. Após doze dias de armazenamento, os frutos foram avaliados quanto à incidência natural de C. gloesporioides, severidade, atividade da enzima peroxidase, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, relação SS/AT, perda de massa e aparência externa dos frutos. Foi realizada análise de regressão polinomial testando modelos até o terceiro grau para as concentrações dos extratos utilizando análise de variância pelo teste F enquanto as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade, através do programa SAS® 9.2. Não se observou diferença estatística quando avaliou-se a incidência natural de C. gloesporioides em frutos de mamoeiro utilizando os extratos de A. blanchetti e M. charantia. Já na avaliação da severidade da antracnose, verificou-se diferença para o tratamento com o extrato de A. blanchetti, que apresentou as menores escalas de notas em relação ao tratamento com a M. charantia. Observou-se atividade da peroxidase (POD) em frutos de mamoeiro nos extratos de A. blanchetti e M. charantia. Os frutos tratados com A. blanchetti apresentaram teor de acidez, com máximo de 0,12 g de ácido cítrico.100 g-1 e no de M. charantiaapresentou aumento para 0,15 g de ácido cítrico.100 g-1. A relação SS/AT diminuiu com o aumento das concentrações dos dois extratos. Os frutos tratados com A. blanchetti apresentaram maior perda de massa durante todo o armazenamento, sendo maior que 10% aos nove dias. Já a perda de massa dos frutos tratados com M. charantia apresentou comportamento linear, sendo superior a 12% aos 12 dias de armazenamento. A cor evoluiu de 1 (verde) para 6 (casca alaranjada) e a aparência dos frutos diminuiu com o decorrer do tempo de 5 (excelente) para 3 (regular) em todas concentrações dos extratos de A. blanchetti e M. charantia. Os extratos de A. blanchetti e M. charantia não reduziram a incidência natural, porém, só o extrato de A. blanchetti foi responsável por reduzir a severidade da antracnose. Ocorreu a atividade da enzima peroxidase em todos os tratamentos avaliados e conservaram a qualidade pós-colheita em frutos até os nove dias de armazenamento.


ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal effect of the extracts Allamandablanchetti A.DC. and Momordica charantia L. in the control of Colletotrichum gloesporioides in papaya fruits of the Sunrise Solo cultivation, as well as their post-harvest quality. The trials were conducted in the Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Animal Products Laboratory, CCA-UFPB, Campus II, Areia-PB. The fruits were harvested at maturity stage 1, then sanitized with sodium hypochlorite 1% for three minutes and sprayed with ethanol extracts of A. blanchetti and M.charantia at concentrations of 0, 10, 100, 500 and 1000 μg.mL-1.The fruits were distributed in polypropylene trays expanded at room temperature (23±2 °C) and relative humidity around 70%. After twelve days of storage, the fruits were evaluated for natural incidence of C. gloesporioides, severity, peroxidase enzyme activity, soluble solids, titratable acidity, SS/TA ratio, weight loss and external appearance of the fruit. Polynomial regression testing models to the third degree were employed for the extracts of concentrations, using analysis of variance by F test. The averages were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability, through the SAS® 9.2 program. There was no statistical difference observed when we evaluated the natural incidence of C. gloesporioides in the papaya fruit, using extracts from A. blanchetti and M. charantia. In the assessment of the severity of the anthracnose, there was no statistical difference for the treatment with the extract of A. blanchetti, which had smaller scales of notes when compared with the treatment using the M. charantia. It was observed peroxidase activity (POD) in the papaya fruits treated with the extracts of A. blanchetti and M. charantia. The fruits treated with A. blanchetti presented a maximum dose of acidity of 0.12 g g-1 of citric acid.100 g-1. In the fruits treated with M. charantia this increase was of 0.15g of citric acid.100 g-1. The SS/TA ratio decreased with increasing concentrations of the two extracts. The fruits treated with A. blanchettipresented higher weight loss of approximately 10%, since the M. charantia was over 12%. The color evolved from 1 (green) to 6 (Orange Peel) and the appearance of the fruit got worse according to the time, from 5 (excellent) to 3 (regular) in all the concentrations of the extracts of A. blanchetti and M. charantia. The A. blanchetti and M. charantia extracts did not reduce the natural incidence, however, only the A. blanchetti extract was able to decrease the severity of the anthracnose. The peroxidase enzyme presented activity in all treatments and kept the postharvest quality of the fruits in the nine days of storage.


Subject(s)
Plant Extracts/analysis , Carica/classification , Colletotrichum/classification , Apocynaceae/classification , Momordica charantia/classification
2.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-737336

ABSTRACT

Given the many traditional uses of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. and the widespread employment of dry extracts in herbal medicine and phytocosmetics, the aim of this study is to characterize an atomized extract of O. ficus-indica cladodes, as well as to analyze its phytochemical composition and assay the total phenol content. In addition, the antioxidant, antimicrobial and photoprotective activities of the extract and its capacity to inhibit the enzyme tyrosinase were assessed, with a view to its pharmaceutical use. The physicochemical characterization was performed by pharmacopoeial tests, thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy. Phytochemicals were analyzed by thin layer chromatography and total phenols by spectroscopy in the visible region. Antioxidant activity was detected by the method of free radical (DPPH?) scavenging and antimicrobial activity by the agar diffusion method, while inhibition of tyrosinase was estimated by the diphenolase activity assay and photoprotective activity by a spectrophotometric method. The pharmacopeial tests, IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis enabled the atomized extract to be characterized. Concerning the potential for pharmaceutical use, it was found that, under the study conditions, the extract did not show any antioxidant, antimicrobial or photoprotective activity. However, it did show a modest tyrosinase inhibitory capacity. The originality of the proposed research on O. ficus-indica in the pharmaceutical should be emphasized, as it opens new prospects for the study of a species that is so


Diante das múltiplas potencialidades da Opuntiaficus-indica (L.) Mill. relatadas na literatura e amplaempregabilidade dos extratos secos na produção defitoterápicos e fitocosméticos, este estudo objetivoucaracterizar o extrato nebulizado dos cladódios deO. ficus-indica bem como verificar a composiçãofitoquímica e quantificar os fenóis totais. O estudopropõe ainda avaliar as atividades antioxidante,antimicrobiana, inibidora da enzima tirosinase efotoprotetora do extrato visando à sua utilizaçãofarmacêutica. A caracterização físico-química foirealizada através de testes farmacopeicos, análisetérmica e espectroscopia na região do infravermelho.A caracterização fitoquímica foi feita por CCD e aquantificação de fenóis por espectroscopia na região dovisível (725 nm). A atividade antioxidante foi analisadapela técnica do sequestro do radical livre DPPH*,a atividade antibacteriana pelo método de difusãoem ágar, a atividade inibidora da enzima tirosinaseatravés da verificação da ação difenolase e a atividadefotoprotetora pelo método in vitro de Mansur. Asanálises farmacopeicas, espectroscópicas e térmicaspermitiram caracterizar o extrato nebulizado de O.ficus-indica. Quanto à avaliação das potencialidadesfoi detectado que, nas condições do estudo, o extratonão apresentou atividade antioxidante, antimicrobianae fotoprotetora. Contudo, demonstrou relativacapacidade inibitória da enzima tirosinase. Portanto,cabe então destacar a originalidade da pesquisa com aO. fícus-indica (L.) Mill. na área farmacêutica, dandoperspectivas para novos estudos com essa espécie tãoabundante e adaptada ao semi-árido brasileiro.

3.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 47(4): 321-327, 8/4/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-705767

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to assess contrast sensitivity for angular frequency stimuli as well as for sine-wave gratings in adults under the effect of acute ingestion of alcohol. We measured the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) for gratings of 0.25, 1.25, 2.5, 4, 10, and 20 cycles per degree of visual angle (cpd) as well as for angular frequency stimuli of 1, 2, 4, 24, 48, and 96 cycles/360°. Twenty adults free of ocular diseases, with normal or corrected-to-normal visual acuity, and no history of alcoholism were enrolled in two experimental groups: 1) no alcohol intake (control group) and 2) alcohol ingestion (experimental group). The average concentration of alcohol in the experimental group was set to about 0.08%. We used a paradigm involving a forced-choice method. Maximum sensitivity to contrast for sine-wave gratings in the two groups occurred at 4 cpd sine-wave gratings and at 24 and 48 cycles/360° for angular frequency stimuli. Significant changes in contrast sensitivity were observed after alcohol intake compared with the control condition at spatial frequency of 4 cpd and 1, 24, and 48 cycles/360° for angular frequency stimuli. Alcohol intake seems to affect the processing of sine-wave gratings at maximum sensitivity and at the low and high frequency ends for angular frequency stimuli, both under photopic luminance conditions.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Alcohol Drinking/physiopathology , Alcohol Drinking/psychology , Contrast Sensitivity/drug effects , Fourier Analysis , Color Vision/drug effects , Ethanol/analysis , Psychophysics/methods , Review Literature as Topic , Size Perception , Task Performance and Analysis , Visual Acuity , Visual Perception/drug effects
4.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 16(3,supl.1): 700-706, 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-727198

ABSTRACT

Os óleos essenciais de P. arboreum, P. dilatatum e P. divaricatum foram obtidos por hidrodestilação e analisados por CG-DIC e CG-EM. Extratos etanólicos foram preparados por extração exaustiva. A atividade antioxidante de óleos e extratos foi avaliada por meio do método de sequestro de radicais livres usando 2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazila. Os teores de óleos essenciais foram de 0,98%, 1,50% e 0,99% para P. arboreum, P. dilatatum e P. divaricatum, respectivamente. Esses óleos demonstraram riqueza em sesquiterpenos, sendo os principais componentes: biciclogermacreno (28,7%) e ß-copaen-4-α-ol (13,3%) para P. arboreum; germacreno D (16,7%), α-alaskeno (18,9%) e viridiflorol (12,5%) para P. dilatatum; e germacreno D (9,4%), valenceno (11,1%) e γ-cadineno (11,0%) para P. divaricatum. No teste de atividade antioxidante, com base nas percentagens de sequestro de radicais, foram determinados a concentrações efetivas (CE50) e o Índice de Atividade Antioxidante (IAA). Os seguintes valores de CE50 e IAA foram encontrados: ácido ascórbico (usado como referência) 226,84 µg.mL-1 e 5,30; extrato de P. arboreum 239,60 µg.mL-1 e 4,90, e extrato de P. dilatatum 367,70 µg.mL-1 e 3,20, respectivamente. A metodologia utilizada para a atividade antioxidante mostrou-se inadequada para o extrato da P. divaricatum. Os óleos essenciais não apresentaram atividade antioxidante significativa, entretanto, os extratos etanólicos de P. arboreum e de P. dilatatum apresentaram atividade antioxidante expressiva.


were obtained by means of hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The ethanolic extracts were prepared by exhaustive extraction. The antioxidant activity of the oils and extracts were evaluated by applying the free radical scavenging method using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical. The yields of the essential oils were 0.98%, 1.50% and 0.99% for P. arboreum, P. dilatatum and P. divaricatum, respectively. The oils are rich in sesquiterpenes, and the main components of P. arboreum are the bicyclogermacrene (28.7%) and ß-copaen-4-α-ol (13.3%); of P. dilatatum, the germacrene D (16.7%), α-alaskene (18.9%) and viridiflorol (12.5%); and of P. divaricatum, the germacrene D (9.4%), valencene (11.1%) and γ-cadinene (11.0%). The antioxidant activity test, based on the percentages of radical scavenging, determined the effective concentrations (CE50) and the Antioxidant Activity Index (AAI). The following CE50 and AAI values were found: 226.84 µg.mL-1 and 5.30 for ascorbic acid (used as the reference), 239.60 µg.mL-1 and 4.90 for P. arboreum, and 367.70 µg.mL-1 and 3.20 for P. dilatatum. The antioxidant evaluation using this methodology is not applicable for the P. divaricatum extract. These essential oils did not present a significant antioxidant activity. However, the ethanolic extracts of P. arboreum and P. dilatatum did show a strong antioxidant


Subject(s)
Oils, Volatile/analysis , Piperaceae/metabolism , Antioxidants/analysis , Plants, Medicinal
6.
Cir. plást. ibero-latinoam ; 39(1): 81-85, ene.-mar. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-113580

ABSTRACT

La mediastinitis es una de las complicaciones más graves de la cirugía cardíaca. Aparece en el 0,5-5% de las esternotomías y esta incidencia es mucho mayor en pacientes diabéticos, obesos, inmunodeprimidos, con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), etc. Presentamos el caso de una paciente diabética, obesamórbida, que sufre mediastinitis tras doble by-pass coronario. Para la cobertura del defecto se empleó un colgajo de epiplon tunelizado transdiafragmático. El colgajo omental permite cubrir grandes defectos además de que posee capacidad antimicrobiana y favorece la revascularización tisular. Las características de este colgajo hacenque actualmente deba considerarse como primera elección en pacientes con grandes defectos esternales y trastornos de la inmunidad y la cicatrización (AU)


Mediastinitis is one of the most serious complications from cardiac surgery. It is reported to occur in 0’5-5% of sternotomy incisions, and this incidence is much higher in diabetic patients, obese, immunocompromised, COPD, etc. We report a case of a diabetic and morbid obese woman suffering mediastinitis after double coronary bypass surgery. For the reconstruction a transdiaphragmatictunnelled omental flap was used. The omentum isuseful to cover large defects. It has antiinfective properties and promotes revascularization of neighboring tissues. Omental flap can be a highly effective treatment for patients with large sternal wounds and immune disorders and wound healing disorders(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Omentum , Surgical Flaps , Surgical Wound Dehiscence/surgery , Mediastinitis/surgery , Sternum/surgery , Wound Closure Techniques
7.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 45(4): 328-336, Apr. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-622754

ABSTRACT

The hypothalamus is a forebrain structure critically involved in the organization of defensive responses to aversive stimuli. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic dysfunction in dorsomedial and posterior hypothalamic nuclei is implicated in the origin of panic-like defensive behavior, as well as in pain modulation. The present study was conducted to test the difference between these two hypothalamic nuclei regarding defensive and antinociceptive mechanisms. Thus, the GABA A antagonist bicuculline (40 ng/0.2 µL) or saline (0.9% NaCl) was microinjected into the dorsomedial or posterior hypothalamus in independent groups. Innate fear-induced responses characterized by defensive attention, defensive immobility and elaborate escape behavior were evoked by hypothalamic blockade of GABA A receptors. Fear-induced defensive behavior organized by the posterior hypothalamus was more intense than that organized by dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei. Escape behavior elicited by GABA A receptor blockade in both the dorsomedial and posterior hypothalamus was followed by an increase in nociceptive threshold. Interestingly, there was no difference in the intensity or in the duration of fear-induced antinociception shown by each hypothalamic division presently investigated. The present study showed that GABAergic dysfunction in nuclei of both the dorsomedial and posterior hypothalamus elicit panic attack-like defensive responses followed by fear-induced antinociception, although the innate fear-induced behavior originates differently in the posterior hypothalamus in comparison to the activity of medial hypothalamic subdivisions.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus/physiology , Escape Reaction/physiology , Hypothalamus, Posterior/physiology , Panic Disorder/metabolism , Bicuculline/pharmacology , Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus/drug effects , GABA-A Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology , Hypothalamus, Posterior/drug effects , Maze Learning , Pain Threshold/drug effects , Panic Disorder/etiology
8.
Cir. plást. ibero-latinoam ; 37(supl.1): s1-s9, dic. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-105051

ABSTRACT

El tratamiento de heridas complejas, con pérdida de sustancia importante o exposición de estructuras nobles, constituye una práctica diaria en la mayoría de los Servicios de Cirugía Plástica de referencia. A pesar de que el desbridamiento quirúrgico continúa siendo la terapia de elección para el tratamiento de heridas infectadas o con abundantes restos necróticos, el advenimiento de la terapia de vacío y las mejoras tecnológicas experimentadas por dicha terapia en la última década, hacen de su utilización una herramienta coadyuvante para el control del lecho quirúrgico, de los exudados de la herida y de la colonización bacteriana. Presentamos 9 casos clínicos de uso de terapia VAC® en el tratamiento de diversas patologías, tales como: dehiscencia esternal, grandes quemados, traumatismos de extremidades, etc. En todos ellos, esta terapia constituyó un pilar fundamental en el tratamiento de los pacientes facilitando el control del exudado de las heridas, la protección de estructuras nobles y mejorando la calidad de vida y el confort de los pacientes durante su estancia hospitalaria (AU)


Treatment of complex wounds that imply loss of substance or important anatomic structures exposure has a great relevance in Plastic Surgery Departments nowadays. Even though surgical debridement keeps on being the principal choice treatment in infected or necrotic wounds, VAC® therapy use and its new technology advances in the last decade, has allowed an option to control bacterial colonization, exudates and surgical wounds. We present 9 cases of vacuum therapy use for treatment of different pathologies such as sternum dehiscence, burned patients, extremities trauma, etc. In all these cases vacuum therapy has been essential in the management of exudates, protection of anatomic vital structures as well as to improve patient's quality of life during hospital stay (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Tissue Expansion Devices , Wound Closure Techniques , Debridement/methods , Severity of Illness Index , Compartment Syndromes/surgery
9.
Cir. plást. ibero-latinoam ; 37(supl.1): s41-s52, dic. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-105056

ABSTRACT

El uso de la terapia de vacío en el tratamiento de heridas complejas y de evolución tórpida tiene sus inicios en los años cuarenta. Sin embargo, la experiencia con su utilización en la población infantil es mucho más reciente. En la actualidad no disponemos de estudios científicos contrastados y con nivel de evidencia A para emitir conclusiones firmes en estos casos; a pesar de ello, la experiencia clínica acumulada hasta el momento es satisfactoria en la mayoría de los casos. En la gestión sanitaria moderna, el control de recursos y costes es hoy en día un pilar fundamental; es por ello que contar con una terapia de estas características constituye un recurso de gran valor, sobre todo cuando la intención es minimizar la estancia hospitalaria y a la vez mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente, lo cual es especialmente importante cuando se trata de niños. Presentamos la experiencia en el uso de terapia de vacío en pacientes pediátricos del Servicio de Cirugía Plástica y Reconstructiva del Hospital La Fe de Valencia, España, entre los años 2007 y 2010 (AU)


Vacuum assisted therapy in complex and complicated wounds has been used since the 40s; however, it has only been applied in paediatric patients recently. To our best knowledge there are not A level evidence studies in this field, although experience in its use has been shown to be satisfactory in the majority of cases. Due to the importance in health management of controlling costs and resources, this therapy represents a useful tool, specially when we try to reduce hospital stay and improve quality of life, which is very important in children. We report our experience in the use of vacuum therapy in paediatric patients in the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department in La Fe University Hospital, Valencia, Spain, between 2007 and 2010 (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , /methods , Wounds and Injuries/surgery , Wound Healing/physiology , Wound Closure Techniques , Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods
10.
Nutr. hosp ; 26(5): 984-990, sept.-oct. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-93440

ABSTRACT

Introduction: In humans, the normal metabolic activity produces free radicals that constantly, along with other risk factors, including hypercholesterolemia may be responsible for the onset of degenerative diseases. Some bioactive compounds present in blackberry (Rubus spp.) have the ability to act as natural antioxidants can make the food to minimize effects on the body caused by reactive oxygen species. Objective: This study verified the benefits of blackberry nectar through the quantification of triglycerides, total and fraction cholesterol HDL (high density lipoprotein) and LDL-cholesterol (low density lipoprotein), blood glucose and lipid peroxidation in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. Methods: Two groups were treated with hypercholesterolemic diets (0.1% cholesterol), one of them receiving an additional 5 mL of nectar daily, and a third (control group) treated only with a standard diet. In the blood the quantification of lipids, blood glucose and lipid peroxidation was performed. In the brain, liver and small intestine the lipid peroxidation was determined and in other organs, histopathological evaluations were carried out. Results: The blackberry nectar reduced the triglycerides serum levels, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic hamsters, without influencing the HDL and blood glucose concentrations. A decrease in the initiation of lipid peroxidation reactions in the blood, brain and small intestine was also observed. Only the liver showed histopathological changes (steatosis), due to excess cholesterol, with no positive influence from the nectar (AU)


Introducción: En los seres humanos, la actividad metabólica normal produce radicales libres que constantemente, junto con otros factores de riesgo, incluyendo la hipercolesterolemia puede ser responsable de la aparición de enfermedades degenerativas. Algunos de los compuestos bioactivos presentes en mora (Rubus spp.) tienen la capacidad de actuar como antioxidantes naturales pueden hacer que los alimentos para minimizar los efectos sobre el cuerpo causados por las especies reactivas de oxígeno. Objetivo: Verificar los beneficios del néctar de mora a través de la cuantificación de triglicéridos, colesterol total y fracciones HDL (lipoproteína de alta densidad) y colesterol-LDL (liproteína de baja densidad), glucosa en la sangre y la peroxidación lipídica en hamsters hipercolesterolémicos. Métodos: Dos grupos fueron tratados con dieta hipercolesterolémica (0,1% de colesterol), que consumían diariamente, otros 5 mL de néctar, y un tercero (grupo control) tratados sólo con dieta estándar. En el sangre se realizo la cuantificación del lípidos, glucosa y la peroxidación lipídica. En el cerebro, el hígado y el intestino delgado se determinó la peroxidación lipídica y en otros órganos, evaluaciones histopatológicas. Resultados: El néctar de mora reduce los triglicéridos séricos, colesterol total y LDL-colesterol en hamsters hipercolesterolémicos, no influyen en los niveles de colesterol HDL y glucosa en la sangre. También se observo la disminución de las reacciones de iniciación de la peroxidación de lípidos en la sangre, el cerebro y el intestino delgado. El hígado, mostraron cambios patológicos (esteatosis), debido al exceso de colesterol, sin la influencia positiva de néctar (AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Antioxidants/pharmacokinetics , Fruit , Lipids/blood , Free Radicals/adverse effects , Cricetinae , Animal Experimentation
11.
Iran J Parasitol ; 6(1): 58-65, 2011 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22347275

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the 'acaricidal effect' of Zataria multiflora and Artemisia annua essential oils on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus. METHODS: This study was carried out in 2009 in the Laboratory of Parasitology of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Shahrekord University, west central Iran. Six dilutions (5, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 µL/cm(3)) of both essential oils were used against engorged female R. (Boophilus) annulatus ticks using an in vitro immersion method. The mortality rates for each treatment were recorded 6, 15 and 24 hours post inoculation (hpi). Mortality rate was analyzed using Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance, and comparison of means was carried out using General Linear Models Procedure. RESULTS: The mortality rate caused by different dilutions of Z. multiflora essential oil ranged from 26.6% (using 10 µL/cm(3)) to 100% (using 40 µL/cm(3)) and for A. annua essential oil it was 33.2 to 100% (using 20 and 80 µL/cm(3), respectively) by the end of the experiment (36 hpi). No mortality was recorded for the non-treated control group or for dilutions less than 5 and 10 µL/cm(3) using Zataria and Artemisia essential oils, respectively. For Z. multiflora mortality peaked at 15 hpi for all concentrations other than 20 µL/cm(3) and took 24 h to achieve its maximum effect while for A. annua the two highest concentrations needed 24 hpi to reach their full effect. In addition, essential oils applied at more than 20 and 60 µL/cm(3) caused 100% egg-laying failure in engorged female ticks by Zataria and Artemisia, respectively while no failure was observed for the non-treated control group. The mortality rate in both botanical acaricides was dose-dependent. CONCLUSION: Both these medicinal plants have high potential acaricidal effects on the engorged stage of R. (Boophilus) annulatus in vitro.

14.
Article in English | WPRIM (Western Pacific) | ID: wpr-959506

ABSTRACT

A case of pseudosyst of the pancreas is reported, demonstrating the successful use of marsupialization. Because of the relative rarity of this condition, special attention is called to the ease with which it can be mistaken for other more common causes of encysted fluids, and to the special means for differentiating it.

15.
Article in English | WPRIM (Western Pacific) | ID: wpr-959378

ABSTRACT

1) Out of 2000 cases of blood grouping done among the Filipinos in Manila, 43.30% belongs to group O, 26.5% to A, 24.75% to B and 5.70% to AB2) The possible influence of Spanish and Chinese bloods in the blood groupings of the Filipinos is shown. (Summary and Conclusions)

16.
Article in English | WPRIM (Western Pacific) | ID: wpr-963942

ABSTRACT

1. Seven cases with massive gastric hemorrhage resulting in profuse hematemesis form the basis of this report. Four of these were admitted in the Medical Wards of the Philippine General Hospital, two were patients admitted in the Pay Section of the same Hospital, and the sixth was an American internee admitted in a special ward for internees of the same hospital2. Four of these patients died, and a complete pathologic report for each was available. Two were operated on and accurate operative findings were also available for these patients. One had no operative or autopsy verification of the clinical impression. But this appears well supported by clinical laboratory and X-ray findings3. Four of these patients were found suffering from peptic ulcer and the other three from portal chirrhosis. The patients with peptic ulcer showed practically no bilirubin in the blood (Whether B-I or B-II) while those with portal cirrhosis showed significant amounts of B-I4. When clinical, laboratory , or x-ray findings are not sufficiently distinct for the differentiation of these two conditions in cases of massive gastric hemorrhage, the bilirubin (B-I) content of the blood may help in the differentiation. Peptic ulcer is not accompanied by B-I in the blood, while portal cirrhosis is always accompanied by functional disturbances of the liver. This is shown by the constant presence of B-I in the blood. (Conclusion)

17.
Article in English | WPRIM (Western Pacific) | ID: wpr-963868

ABSTRACT

Two cases showing extensive hepatic necrosis but with enlargement of the liver are hereby reported2. Both are multiparas and both are in the third decade of life (both 38 years old)3. Both had bleeding as the main complaint although one was having a miscarriage at the time of admission and the other hydatidiform mole which was later found malignant4. Both had clinical and laboratory findings suggestive of urinary tract infection; both had jaundice - one of several months duration and the other only of two weeks. Both had febrile reaction especially towards the latter part of the disease5. Bilirubin I findings were high in both - almost 2 mgs. per 100 c.c. in one and well above I mg. per 100 c.c. in the other - strongly suggesting liver destructive process6. On autopsy both livers failed to show gross evidences of liver destructive processes but histological examinations revealed diffuse necrosis of the liver cells in both organs7. The term "diffuse liver necrosis" appears more appropriate than the term "yellow atrophy" to designate these clinical conditions and pathologic processes since liver necrosis may not always be accompanied by atrophic changes. (Summary and Recommendations)


Subject(s)
Liver
18.
Article in English | WPRIM (Western Pacific) | ID: wpr-963782

ABSTRACT

1. Four cases with acute gastro-intestinal disorders following dietary indiscretion are here presented2. All were diagnosed clinically as acute gastro-enteritis because of the history, the symptomatology, the physical and laboratory findings, and the rapid and complete recovery within a few days3. All of the four cases showed the interesting finding of liver deficiency, as shown by the presence of a large amount of B-I in the blood at th height of the complaints4. Because of the subsequent similar attacks in Case 4, a possible gall bladder trouble initiated by these first attacks is strongly considered in this case5. A possible early, if not primary, affection of the liver in the so-called gall bladder disease is highly entertained. (Summary and Conclusion)

19.
Article in English | WPRIM (Western Pacific) | ID: wpr-963389

ABSTRACT

We collected for study 100 cases of peptic ulcer the diagnosis of which was verified by x-ray in seventy-two cases, by operation in twenty-one, and by autopsy in sevene have prepared seven tablesTable 1 shows that peptic ulcer is a disease that frequently occurs among persons in the active period of their lifeTable 2 indicates that peptic ulcer affects chiefly persons who are hard workers. It is also frequent among the jobless, in whom the neurogenic factor may play a role in the causation of peptic ulcerTable 3 demonstrates the presence of abdominal pain in every case of peptic ulcer in our series. It has been noted that more frequently than not, epigastric pain had relation to meals. The other symptoms in the order of Frequency are: vomiting, sour eructations, nausea, constipation, etcTable 4 shows that normal total acidity, free HCl and combined HCl values may be obtained in an empty or fasting stomach and also one hour after Ewalds test meal. In our series we have noted more cases of peptic ulcer with normal acid values than with hyperacidity. In many cases the acid values are higher in an empty or fasting stomach than one hour after the test meal. This may be due to hypersecretion and retention of the gastric contents due to partial pyloric obstructionTable 5 indicates the more frequent occurrence of ulcers in the stomach than in the duodenum, the proportion being two to one. Gastric ulcers are found more frequently in the lesser curvature, and in the antrumTable 6 shows that hemorrhages in the form o melena or hematemesis occured in about one half of the total number of cases. Perforations occured in both gastric and duodenal ulcers, and recoveries were due to timely surgical intervention. Malignant degenrations occured in a few cases of gastric ulcer, but none occured in duodenal lesionsTable 7 demonstrates that with our cases of peptic ulcer, ascariasis has frequently been found associated, but probably there is no causal relationshipWe have briefly enumerated the different therories regarding the genesis of peptic ulcer. The neurogenic factor is probably fundamentally essential, operating in conjunction with some other predisposing or provocative factorsWe hve outlined an opinion on the proper diagnosis of peptic ulcer with special emphasis on x-ray pictures and gastroscopy.(Summary)


Subject(s)
Case-Control Studies
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