Excessive Consumption of Alcoholic Beverages and Extremely High Levels of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HALP) in the ELSA-Brasil Cohort Baseline.

BACKGROUND: It has already been established that the consumption of alcoholic beverages increases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in dose-response. METHODS AND RESULTS: A cross-sectional analysis was carried out with 6132 participants of both sexes aged between 35 and 74 years, who were active and retired workers from six Brazilian states. Heavy drinkers were categorized by sex: men > 210 g/week and women > 140 g/week; moderate drinkers: men ≤ 209 g/week and women ≤ 139 g/week. The HDL-C level was dichotomized into normal (40 mg/dL-82.9 mg/dL) and extremely high (≥83 mg/dL). We used binary logistic regression to assess associations between baseline alcohol intake and HDL-C, which were adjusted for sex, age, income, physical activity, kilocalories and body mass index (BMI), and we found an positive association between extremely high HDL-C and the excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages. These participants were mostly women with a high income, lower waist circumference, kilocalorie consumption and also a higher consumption in all categories of alcoholic beverages. CONCLUSION: Excessive alcohol consumption was associated with a higher probability of extremely high HDL-C.

Stabilization of Anthocyanins from Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Husks and In Vivo Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Activity.

Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is one of the most popular and widely consumed products throughout the world, mainly due to its taste, aroma, caffeine content, and natural antioxidants. Among those antioxidants, anthocyanins are one of the most important natural pigments, which can be found in coffee husks. It is widely known that anthocyanins have multiple health benefits partially linked to their antioxidant properties. However, anthocyanins have low stability and are sensitive to all types of changes. In order to prevent its degradation, anthocyanins can be stabilized with nanoparticles. Thus, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of the anthocyanins extracted from coffee husks, using three different extracting agents (ethanol, methanol, and water) and stabilizing them through conjugation with zinc oxide nanoparticles. The anthocyanins extracts were mainly composed of cyanidin-3-rutinoside (97%) and the total phenolic compounds of the fresh extracts were 458.97 ± 11.32 (methanol), 373.53 ± 12.74 (ethanol), and 369.85 ± 15.93 (water) mg GAE/g. On the other hand, the total phenolic compounds of the nanoparticle-anthocyanin conjugates underwent no significant changes after stabilization as the major loss was less than 3%. Furthermore, the percentage of anthocyanins' degradation was less than 5% after 12 weeks of storage. On top of that, fresh anthocyanin extracts and anthocyanin-nanoparticle conjugates exhibited a strong protective effect against oxidative stress and increased the survival rate of Caenorhabditis elegans.

Actividad física, comportamiento sedentario y factores asociados en adultos brasileños / Atividade física, comportamento sedentário e fatores associados em adultos brasileiros / Physical activity, sedentary behavior and associated factors in Brazilian adults

Introducción: en las últimas décadas se han producido cambios en el patrón de comportamiento humano, dando como resultado que la población se mueva menos y permanezca más tiempo sentada. La práctica de actividad física (AF) ofrece beneficios para la salud pero no puede compensar el tiempo empleado en hábitos de comportamiento sedentario. Objetivo: evaluar la AF, el comportamiento sedentario y sus factores asociados en adultos de una institución pública de educación en Espírito Santo (Brasil). Métodos: se analizaron 200 individuos (20-59 años) empleando dos dominios del International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) versión larga, el primero de estos referente a recreación, deporte, ejercicio y AF de ocio; el segundo, evaluando el tiempo que estos permanecen sentados. Resultados: se observó que las personas activas pasan tanto tiempo sentadas como las personas inactivas, y que las personas con edad más avanzada tienen un tiempo de AF menor y más probabilidades de estar inactivas en comparación con las más jóvenes. Aquellos que están más tiempo frente a dispositivos de pantalla tienen mayor probabilidad de pasar más tiempo sentados. Los participantes con mayor escolaridad tuvieron mayores medias de tiempo en posición de sentado y tiempo de pantalla. Conclusión: las personas mayores tienen menos tiempo para realizar AF en comparación con individuos más jóvenes, así como mayor probabilidad de permanecer inactivas. Los individuos considerados activos presentaron el mismo tiempo en posición de sentado que los inactivos.

Introdução: nas últimas décadas, o padrão comportamental humano tem mudado, fazendo com que a população se movimente menos e permaneça mais tempo sentada. A prática de atividade física oferece benefícios à saúde, mas pode não compensar o tempo dispendido em atividades de comportamento sedentário. Objetivo: avaliar a atividade física, o comportamento sedentário e seus fatores associados em adultos de uma instituição pública de ensino do Espírito Santo (Brasil). Métodos: foram analisados 200 indivíduos (20-59 anos). Utilizou-se de dois domínios do International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) versão longa, o primeiro refere-se à atividade física de recreação, esporte, exercício e de lazer, e o segundo avalia tempo gasto sentado. Resultados: observou-se que indivíduos ativos passam tanto tempo sentado quanto os inativos, e que os indivíduos mais velhos apresentaram menor tempo de atividade física e têm mais chances de serem inativos quando comparados aos mais jovens. Já os que dispendem mais tempo com dispositivos de tela têm maiores chances de passar mais tempo sentado. Os participantes de maior escolaridade apresentaram maiores médias de tempo sentado e tempo de tela. Conclusão: os indivíduos comidade mais avançada apresentam menor tempo de prática de atividade física quando comparados aos mais jovens e apresentam mais chances de serem inativos. Os indivíduos considerados ativos apresentaram o mesmo tempo sentado que os inativos.

Introduction: In recent decades, changes in the human behavioral pattern have caused the population to move less and stay longer in a sitting position. Physical activity offershealth benefits but may not compensate for the time spent on sedentary behavior activities. Objective: To evaluate physical activity, sedentary behavior and its associated factors in adults of a public educational institution in Espírito Santo (Brazil). Methods: A total of 200 individuals (aged 20 to 59) in a federal educational institution of Espírito Santo (Brazil) were studied using two domains of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), extended version. The first of these domains refers to the recreation, sport, exercise and leisure physical activity, while the second evaluates the time spent in a sitting position. Results: Active individuals spend as much time in a sitting position as inactive subjects. Besides, older individuals recorded shorter physical activity time and are more likely to be inactive when compared to younger subjects. Those who spend more time in front of screen devices are more likely to remain more time sitting. Participants with higher education recorded higher average sitting time and screen time. Conclusion: Older individuals have less time to practice physical activity when compared to younger people and they are more likely to remain inactive. Individuals considered as active showed the same sitting time as inactive participants.

Agreement between graz malnutrition screening (gms) with subjective nutritional assessment instruments in hospitalized patients / Concordancia entre el Graz Malnutrition Screening (GMS) con instrumentos subjetivos de evaluación nutricional en pacientes hospitalizados

Background: it is essential for an early nutritional intervention that utilizes effective and practical nutritional screening and evaluation tools to diagnose nutritional status, increasing the patient’s survival. Objective: to evaluate the agreement of the Graz Malnutrition Screening (GMS) with subjective methods of nutritional evaluation in hospitalized patients. Methods: descriptive cross-sectional study with adults and elderly of both sexes evaluated within 48 hours of hospital admission. Nutritional status in cancer patients was identified by the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA(R)) and in the elderly by the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form (MNA-SF(R)). GMS was applied in both groups and its efficiency was compared with that of PG-SGA(R) and MNA-SF(R). The agreement between the methods was evaluated by the kappa test, followed by assessment of diagnostic performance and correlation test. Results: of the 87 patients evaluated, 64.4% (56) presented nutritional risk according to GMS, while 49.4% (43) and 47.1% (41) indicated nutritional risk and malnutrition according to MNA-SF(R) and PG-SGA(R), respectively. GMS presented moderate agreement with PG-SGA(R) (p < 0.001) and MNA-SF(R) (p < 0.001), with high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. Correlations were observed between the GMS score and both the PG-SGA(R) (p < 0.001) and MNA-SF(R) scores (p < 0.001). Conclusion: GMS was effective in detecting nutritional risk in hospitalized patients when compared to classic tools in the evaluation of nutritional status in hospitalized patients

Introducción: el uso de herramientas de clasificación y evaluación nutricional eficaces, además de prácticas para diagnosticar el estado nutricional con el fin de aumentar la supervivencia del paciente, es imprescindible para una intervención nutricional temprana. Objetivo: evaluar la concordancia del Graz Malnutrition Screening (GMS) con métodos subjetivos de evaluación nutricional en pacientes hospitalizados. Metodología: estudio descriptivo transversal con adultos y ancianos de ambos sexos, evaluados hasta 48 horas después de la admisión hospitalaria. El estado nutricional de los pacientes con cáncer fue identificado mediante la Valoración Global Subjetiva Generada por el Paciente (VGS-GP(R)) y el de los ancianos, mediante el test Mini Nutritional Assesment (MNA(R)). El GMS fue aplicado en ambos grupos y se comparó su eficiencia con la VGS-GP(R) y el MNA-SF(R). La concordancia entre los métodos fue evaluada por el test de kappa. Resultados: de los 87 pacientes evaluados, el 64,4% presentó riesgo nutricional según el GMS, mientras que el 49,4% y el 47,1% indicaron riesgo nutricional y desnutrición de acuerdo con el MNA-SF(R) y la VGS-GP(R), respectivamente. El GMS presentó una concordancia moderada con la VGS-GP(R) (p < 0,001) y el MNA-SF(R) (p < 0,001), con alta sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y valor predictivo negativo. Se observaron correlaciones entre la puntuación del GMS con las puntuaciones de la VGS-GP (p < 0,001) y de la MNA-SF (p < 0,001). Conclusión: el GMS fue eficaz en la detección del riesgo nutricional en pacientes hospitalizados, en comparación con las herramientas clásicas en la evaluación del estado nutricional de pacientes hospitalizados

Calidad de la dieta y factores asociados en estudiantes de la escuela primaria del sistema educativo Adventista en la región suroeste de São Paulo, Brasil

Objetivo:evaluar la asociación entre la dieta y factores socioeconómicos y demográficos entre los estudiantes de la escuela primaria.Métodos:Un estudio transseccional que involucra una muestra aleatoria de 256 niños de ambos sexos, de seis a once años, del primero a quinto grado de siete escuelas adventistas ubicados en la región suroeste de Sao Paulo. Estas escuelas inscriben estudiantes sin importar su religión. Datos demográficos y socioeconómicos se obtuvieron a partir de un cuestionario autoadministrado, llevado a casa y completado por el padre o responsable del niño. La calidad de la dieta se evaluó mediante el índice de ALES. Se calcularon las odds ratio brutas y ajustadas y se utilizó la regresión logística para el análisis de las variables.Resultados:De la muestra, 33,2% tuvo una puntuación pobre en el índice ALES y el 66,8% obtuvo una buena puntuación. No hubo diferencias significativas entre la calidad de la dieta y las siguientes variables: edad, nivel socioeconómico, educación maternal, jefe de la familia, trabajo materno fuera del hogar, lactancia materna exclusiva hasta los 6 meses, y el origen de las meriendas escolares. Las variables que se mantuvieron asociadas a una dieta de buena calidad fueron: ser del sexo femenino (OR = 0.53; 95% IC, 0.30-0.92) y ser Adventista (OR = 2.52; 95% IC, 1.10-5.78).Conclusión:Los factores asociados con la buena calidad de la dieta fueron el sexo y la religión.

Objective:to evaluate the association between diet and socioeconomic and demographic factors among elementary school students.Methods:A cross-sectional study, involving a random sample of 256 children of both genders, aged between six to eleven years, from grades first through fifth of seven Adventist elementary private schools located in the southwest region of São Paulo State. These schools enroll students independent of their religion. Socioeconomic and demographic data were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire sent home and completed by the parent or legal guardian. The diet quality was assessed through ALES index. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were calculated and logistic regression was used to analyze the variables.Results:Of the sample, 33.2% showed a poor ALES index score and 66.8% had a good score. There were no statistically significant differences between diet quality and the following variables: age, socioeconomic status, maternal level of education, head of household, maternal employment outside the home, exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months, and origin of school snacks. The variables that remained associated with a good diet quality were: being female (OR = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.30-0.92) and being Adventist (OR = 2.52; 95% CI, 1.10-5.78).Conclusions:The factors associated with good diet quality were gender and religion.