Aberrant right subclavian artery in a dog - case report / [Ectopia de artéria subclávia direita em cão - relato de caso]

The brachiocephalic trunk and the left subclavian artery originate from the aortic arch, and both supply blood to the head, neck, and thoracic limbs. Anatomical variations, such as an aberrant right subclavian artery, are congenital conditions rarely observed in dogs, Thus, the objective of the present report was to describe a case of aberrant right subclavian artery in a 9-year-old Dalmatian. However, this anomaly was a finding in which the patient was asymptomatic during its 9 years of life and only at this age did he exhibit signs including sialorrhea, vomiting, hyporexia, and noisy deglutition. Blood count, biochemical profile, and thoracic radiography led to a diagnosis of megaesophagus and aspiration pneumonia. Despite the recommended treatment, the patient did not respond well; as such, the owner elected to euthanize the animal. On necropsy, the right subclavian artery originated directly from the aortic arch, followed a route from left to right dorsally to the esophagus, and then formed an impression of the vascular path over the muscular wall of the esophagus. The esophagus, in turn, exhibited a flaccid wall and dilation in the caudal portion to the vascular path made by the ectopic position of the right subclavian artery.(AU)

O tronco braquiocefálico e a artéria subclávia esquerda emergem do arco aórtico e são responsáveis por fazerem o suprimento sanguíneo para cabeça, pescoço e membros torácicos. Variações anatômicas, como a ectopia da artéria subclávia direita, são alterações congênitas raramente encontradas em cães, cujas alterações do sistema digestivo acontecem em pacientes recém-desmamados e não em adultos. Assim, o objetivo deste relato é descrever um caso de ectopia da artéria subclávia direita em uma cadela, Dálmata, de nove anos de idade. No entanto, essa anomalia foi um achado do qual o paciente foi assintomático durante os nove anos de vida e somente com essa idade apresentou sinais como sialorreia, vômito, hiporexia e deglutição ruidosa. O hemograma e os perfis bioquímicos, associados à radiografia torácica, levaram a um diagnóstico de megaesôfago e pneumonia aspirativa. Mesmo seguindo o tratamento recomendado, houve piora clínica do quadro e o animal foi submetido à eutanásia. À macroscopia, a artéria subclávia direita originava-se direto do arco aórtico, fazia um percurso da esquerda para a direita dorsalmente ao esôfago e, então, formava uma impressão do trajeto vascular sobre a parede muscular do esôfago. O esôfago, por sua vez, apresentava parede flácida e dilatação na porção caudal ao trajeto vascular feito pela posição ectópica da artéria subclávia direita.(AU)

Advanced oxidation of bleached eucalypt kraft pulp mill effluent.

In this study a poorly biodegradable (BOD/COD = 0.3) industrial alkaline ECF bleaching filtrate was treated using different advanced oxidation processes to evaluate their use in combined chemical-biological treatment aimed at increasing recalcitrant COD removal and improving final effluent quality. Oxidative treatments included ozonation combined with hydrogen peroxide (2, 5, 10, 20 mmol L(-1) O3/0.7, 2, 5, 10 mmol L(-1) H2O2) and photocatalysis with hydrogen peroxide (UV/2, 4 and 8 mmolL(-1) H2O2) and with TiO2 (UV/TiO2/0.7 and 4 mmol L(-1) H2O2). The O3/H2O2 process increased effluent biodegradability by up to 68% as a result of increasing BOD and decreasing COD. Increasing the O3 dose had a greater effect on biodegradability improvement and lignin and colour removal efficiencies than increasing the H2O2 dose. A combined oxidant dose of 5 mmol L(-1) O3 and 2 mmol L(-1) H2O2 resulted in 75% lignin removal, 40% colour removal and 6% carbohydrate loss without mineralizing the organic carbon. The photocatalytic processes led to a decrease in effluent biodegradability through combined decrease in BOD and increase in COD and did not result in efficient lignin or colour removal. Photocatalytic oxidation was apparently inhibited by the high chloride and COD levels in the alkaline filtrate, and may be more efficient in recalcitrant COD removal if performed after biological.

[Prenatal care at the primary health care level: an assessment of the structure and process]. / Atenção pré-natal na rede básica: uma avaliação da estrutura e do processo.

With the aim of describing the structure and process by which prenatal care is provided at the primary health care level in the city of Pelotas in southern Brazil, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. All 31 urban health care facilities were visited and their structure analyzed. A total of 839 prenatal records from mothers who delivered in the six months prior to the beginning of the study were reviewed. The structure as a whole was classified as poor (only 70% of standard parameters were present), mainly due to deficiencies in the physical plant. Process assessment showed low coverage (53%) and an average of 5.3 visits. Only 37% of patient records showed adequate results (Kessner Index). Adding laboratory test results and routine procedures as complementary criteria, 31% and 5% of the records scored as adequate, respectively. In summary, overall quality of prenatal care provided at the primary health care level in Pelotas is poor. Mechanisms to increase staff adherence to both procedures and program logistics need to be developed.

Implantaçäo de homoenxerto heterotópico na artéria femoral de cäes / Arterial heterotopic homograft in the femoral artery of dogs

A presente pesquisa visou estudar a interposiçäo de um segmento de carótida homógena, preservada em glicerina, na artéria femoral de cäes. Foram utilizados 18 cäes mestiços, adultos, separados em três grupos, e observados por 15 dias (grupo I), 30 dias (grupo II) e 45 dias (grupo III). Três outros cäes foram observados por 75 dias (grupo IV). Os enxertos foram preservados em glicerina 98 por cento, por período de 60-180 dias. As artérias foram implantadas com auxílio de microscópio cirúrgico em magnificaçäo de 6x e foram avaliadas por inspeçäo clínica, arteriográfica e histopatológica. Foi observada invasäo mononuclear da adventícia, ausência de células na média e progressiva diminuiçäo nas células musculares lisas, com deposiçäo de fibras colágenas. Näo foram evidenciados sinais clínicos ou histopatológicos de reaçäo imunológica