Chenopodium Ambrosioides Linn Mitigates Bone Loss in Rats with Periodontitis.

Statement of the Problem: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that causes bone loss. Some patients do not respond well to the classic treatment and need therapies that minimize bone loss, the main sequel of the disease. Chenopodium ambrosioides L. has stood out due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. However, no study has yet investigated its effect on periodontitis. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the bone protective effect of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (CAL) extract on ligature-induced periodontitis model in rats. Materials and Method: For this, a pre-clinical assay was performed, using male Wistar rats divided into 3 groups: Naive (N) (n=6), not submitted to any procedure; Saline (SAL) (n=6), submitted to ligature-induced periodontitis and receiving 2 ml/kg of 0.9% saline solution; and CAL extract, which was subdivided into 3 subgroups (n=6/subgroup) receiving the CAL at 3 (CAL3), 10 (CAL10) or 30 mg/kg (CAL30). All agents were given, by oral gavage, 30 min before periodontitis induction and daily until euthanasia (11th day). By then, maxillae were removed for macroscopic, histological, and histometric analyses. Kidneys, liver, and stomach were collected to evaluate the safety of CAL extract. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay was used to investigate the flavonoid content in the extract. Results: Chenopodium ambrosioides L. extract at 30mg/kg showed a reduction by 58% in bone loss marked by an increase (+35%) in the number of osteoblasts and a reduction (-51%) on the number of osteoclasts (p< 0.05). No significant alteration in the liver, kidney, or stomach was seen. Rutin was the main flavonoid found. Conclusion: In summary, it was observed that Chenopodium ambrosioides L. extract has shown important anti-inflammatory and bone anabolic and anti-resorptive properties without causing toxicity in the main organs. Rutin, as the main flavonoid of the extract, seems to be responsible for the beneficial effect of this agent.

Incidence and Morphological Study of Myocardial Bridge in the State of Ceará: A Cadaveric Study. / Incidência e Estudo Morfológico de Pontes Miocárdicas no Estado do Ceará: Um Estudo Cadavérico.

BACKGROUND: Myocardial bridges (MB) are anatomical anomalies with possible clinical repercussions; hence, their understanding deserves attention. OBJECTIVE: To determinate the prevalence and characterize MB in human hearts from the state of Ceará. Methods: Fifty hearts of adult human cadavers from the Medicine School of Federal University of Ceará, Brazil. The hearts were dissected to identify MBs that pass over part of the coronary artery. The segment of the artery (proximal, middle, and distal) with a bridge was identified. The external diameter of the artery at the proximal and distal points of the MB was measured. The length and thickness of the MB were also measured with an electronic caliper. The muscle index (MMI) of the MB was calculated as the product of length and thickness expressed in millimeters. The significance level adopted in the statistical analysis was 5%. RESULTS: MB was confirmed in 40% of sample. Approximately one third of the sample had only 1 MB. MB was most frequently found over the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery (59.25%, p=0.02), and its prevalence in other branches was much lower (22.23%). The most affected segments of arteries were the superior (44.44%) and medium (40.74%). The mean diameter of arteries proximal to the MB was 2.38±0.97mm (range=0.78-5.15mm), and the diameter distal to the MB was 1.71±0.75mm (range=0.42-3.58mm). The length was measured as mean=8.55±5.27mm, while the mean thickness was 0.89±0.33mm. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of MB is more likely to affect the left coronary artery system with larger MMI than other affected branches.

FUNDAMENTO: As pontes miocárdicas (PM) são anomalias anatômicas com possíveis repercussões clínicas, e, portanto, seu entendimento merece atenção. OBJETIVO: Para determinar a prevalência e caracterizar a PM em corações humanos do estado do Ceará. Métodos: Foram usados cinquenta corações de cadáveres humanos adultos da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brasil. Os corações foram dissecados para identificar PMs que passam sobre parte da artéria coronária. O segmento da artéria (proximal, médio e distal) com a ponte foi identificado. O diâmetro externo da artéria nos pontos proximal e distal da PM foi medido. O comprimento e a espessura da PM também foram medidos com um calibre eletrônico. O índice de massa muscular (IMM) da PM foi calculado como o produto do comprimento pela espessura expresso em milímetros. O nível de significância adotado para a análise estatística foi 5%. RESULTADOS: A PM foi confirmada em 40% da amostra. Aproximadamente um terço da amostra tinha apenas 1 PM. A PM foi encontrada mais frequentemente sobre o ramo interventricular anterior da artéria coronária esquerda (59,25%, p = 0,02), e sua prevalência em outros ramos foi muito mais baixa (22,23%). Os segmentos das artérias mais afetados foram o superior (44,44%) e o médio (40,74%). O diâmetro médio das artérias proximais em relação à PM foi de 2,38 ± 0,97 mm (intervalo = 0,78 - 5,15 mm), e o diâmetro distal da PM foi de 1,71 ± 0,75 mm (intervalo = 0,42 - 3,58 mm). O comprimento foi medido como média = 8,55 ± 5,27 mm, e a espessura média foi de 0,89 ± 0,33 mm. CONCLUSÃO: A alta prevalência de PM tem mais probabilidade de afetar o sistema da artéria coronária esquerda com IMM maior do que outros ramos afetados.

Incidência e Estudo Morfológico de Pontes Miocárdicas no Estado do Ceará: Um Estudo Cadavérico / Incidence and Morphological Study of Myocardial Bridge in the State of Ceará: A Cadaveric Study

Resumo Fundamento As pontes miocárdicas (PM) são anomalias anatômicas com possíveis repercussões clínicas, e, portanto, seu entendimento merece atenção. Objetivo Para determinar a prevalência e caracterizar a PM em corações humanos do estado do Ceará. Métodos: Foram usados cinquenta corações de cadáveres humanos adultos da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brasil. Os corações foram dissecados para identificar PMs que passam sobre parte da artéria coronária. O segmento da artéria (proximal, médio e distal) com a ponte foi identificado. O diâmetro externo da artéria nos pontos proximal e distal da PM foi medido. O comprimento e a espessura da PM também foram medidos com um calibre eletrônico. O índice de massa muscular (IMM) da PM foi calculado como o produto do comprimento pela espessura expresso em milímetros. O nível de significância adotado para a análise estatística foi 5%. Resultados A PM foi confirmada em 40% da amostra. Aproximadamente um terço da amostra tinha apenas 1 PM. A PM foi encontrada mais frequentemente sobre o ramo interventricular anterior da artéria coronária esquerda (59,25%, p = 0,02), e sua prevalência em outros ramos foi muito mais baixa (22,23%). Os segmentos das artérias mais afetados foram o superior (44,44%) e o médio (40,74%). O diâmetro médio das artérias proximais em relação à PM foi de 2,38 ± 0,97 mm (intervalo = 0,78 - 5,15 mm), e o diâmetro distal da PM foi de 1,71 ± 0,75 mm (intervalo = 0,42 - 3,58 mm). O comprimento foi medido como média = 8,55 ± 5,27 mm, e a espessura média foi de 0,89 ± 0,33 mm. Conclusão A alta prevalência de PM tem mais probabilidade de afetar o sistema da artéria coronária esquerda com IMM maior do que outros ramos afetados.

Abstract Background Myocardial bridges (MB) are anatomical anomalies with possible clinical repercussions; hence, their understanding deserves attention. Objective To determinate the prevalence and characterize MB in human hearts from the state of Ceará. Methods: Fifty hearts of adult human cadavers from the Medicine School of Federal University of Ceará, Brazil. The hearts were dissected to identify MBs that pass over part of the coronary artery. The segment of the artery (proximal, middle, and distal) with a bridge was identified. The external diameter of the artery at the proximal and distal points of the MB was measured. The length and thickness of the MB were also measured with an electronic caliper. The muscle index (MMI) of the MB was calculated as the product of length and thickness expressed in millimeters. The significance level adopted in the statistical analysis was 5%. Results MB was confirmed in 40% of sample. Approximately one third of the sample had only 1 MB. MB was most frequently found over the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery (59.25%, p=0.02), and its prevalence in other branches was much lower (22.23%). The most affected segments of arteries were the superior (44.44%) and medium (40.74%). The mean diameter of arteries proximal to the MB was 2.38±0.97mm (range=0.78-5.15mm), and the diameter distal to the MB was 1.71±0.75mm (range=0.42-3.58mm). The length was measured as mean=8.55±5.27mm, while the mean thickness was 0.89±0.33mm. Conclusion A high prevalence of MB is more likely to affect the left coronary artery system with larger MMI than other affected branches.

Milk kefir therapy improves the skeletal response to resistance exercise in rats submitted to glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) has emerged as a challenge after long-term glucocorticoids (GCs) administration. Exercise has been an important non-pharmacological option, while medications modulate bone remodeling despite adverse effects. In this way, milk Kefir (MK) therapy stands out as a safe alternative to improve bone metabolism. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of MK associated to resistance exercise on bone loss in rats with GIO. For this, sixty male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups: normal (N) and subjected to GIO, which was subdivided into 4 groups: control (C), milk kefir therapy (K), Exercise (Ex), and Exercise+K (ExK). GIO was induced by dexamethasone (7 mg/kg - i.m.; 1×/wk, 5 wk). MK was administered daily (1×/day; 0.7 ml/animal) and the climb exercise with load was performed 3×/wk; both for 16 wk. Femur was collected for assessment of bone microarchitecture, quality and metabolism. GIO markedly reduced trabecular bone volume density (BV/TV) (-35 %), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) (-33 %), mineral content of femur (-26 %) as well as bone collagen content (-56 %). Bone strength and its biomechanical properties given by flexural strength (-81 %), fracture load (-80 %), and the number of osteocytes (-84 %) were lowered after GIO. GCs reduced osteoblast number and function while increased osteoclast number, altering bone remodeling (p < 0.05). On the other hand, ExK significantly improved bone microarchitecture and quality, marked by fractal dimension increase (+38 %), cortical volume (+34 %), BV/TV (+34 %), Tb.Th (+33 %), mineral content and collagen maturity, while reduced the space between trabecula (-34 %). The Ex and ExK increased the number of osteocytes (p < 0.05) and they were able to reverse the lower osteoblast number. Both treatments used alone significantly enhanced bone biomechanical properties, but the ExK showed a more significant improvement. ExK ameliorated bone strength and biomechanics (p < 0.05) and stimulated bone formation and modulated bone remodeling (p < 0.05). MK and exercise administered isolated or in association increased the percentage of collagen bone filling after GIO (p < 0.05), but only ExK improved collagen maturity. Our results showed that MK associated to resistance exercise enhanced bone microarchitecture, quality and metabolism, being therefore an interesting tool to improve skeletal response during GIO.

Electroacupuncture increases immunoexpression of CB1 and CB2 receptors in experimental model of inflammatory bone loss.

This study evaluated the participation of CB1 and CB2 receptors in the antiresorptive effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on an experimental model of inflammatory bone loss in rats. 30 rats were divided into five groups: C (control); EP (experimental periodontitis); EA (C+ EA); EP-EA (EP+ EA in the acupoints LI4, LG11, ST36, ST44); EP - EA-sham (EP+ EA in sham acupoints). For the EP groups, a ligature was placed around the right mandibular first molars at day 1. Sessions of EA or EA-sham were assigned every other day. Animals were euthanized at day 11. Histometric analysis was performed to evaluate the percentage of bone area in the furcation area. Immunolabeling patterns in the periodontal tissues and immunofluorescent staining in the trigeminal ganglia and in the trigeminal spinal tract for CB1 and CB2 receptors were performed. It was observed increased bone loss in the furcation in the EP and EP-EA-sham groups, in comparison to the other groups (p < 0.05). Enhanced CB2 immunolabeling was observed in the periodontal tissues in the EP-EA group, when compared to the EP and EP-EA-sham groups (p < 0.05). Increased CB1 immunofluorescent staining was observed in the neural tissues in the EA treated group in comparison with the other groups (p < 0.05), while no expression of CB2 was observed in those regions. Our study showed that in the presence of inflammatory bone disease, EA treatment reduced bone erosion and increased the immunoexpression of CB1 in the neural tissues and CB2 in the periodontal tissues.

Mulheres Vítimas de Violência Doméstica: uma Abordagem no Núcleo da Delegacia em Atendimento à Mulher de um Município do Estado da Bahia / Women Victims of Domestic Violence: An Approach In The Women Police Station In a Municipality of Bahia State

Objetivo: Buscou-se realizar um levantamento do perfil das vítimas de violência doméstica, atendidas em um núcleo de assistência à mulher no município de São Francisco do Conde, estado da Bahia. Material e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo quali-quantitativo com base em 67 registros de boletins de ocorrência de mulheres vitimas de violência doméstica que deram entrada no Núcleo da Delegacia Especializada em Atendimento à Mulher (NUDEAM), no período de 2012 a 2014. Resultados: Foi possível identificar que houve um predomínio de registros nos anos de 2012 (29/67; 43,3%) e 2014 (30/67, 44,8%) com descrição de vítimas com idade entre 19-39 anos (40/67; 59,7%), com etnia predominante negra (15/67;22,4%), com ensino fundamental incompleto (16/ 67; 23,9%), com renda familiar de um salário mínimo adicionado de benefício social (22/67; 33%) e, a maioria destas, possuindo entre 1 a 2 filhos (29/67; 43,3%). Quanto ao tipo de violência registrada no boletim de ocorrência, destacouse os casos de agressão física adicionada de três ou mais outros tipos de violência (16/67; 23,9%) e da medida protetiva de Orientação sobre a Lei Maria da Penha à vítima (18/67; 26,9). Conclusão: Houve um aumento no número de casos de vítimas de violência doméstica atendidas no NUDEAM entre os anos de 2012 e 2014, compreendendo mulheres jovens, negras, com baixa escolaridade e renda familiar, com 1 a 2 dois filhos e submetidas à violência física adicionada de três ou mais tipos de violência por parte do agressor, sendo este, na maioria dos casos, o próprio companheiro. (AU)

Objective: We aimed to conduct a survey on the profile of victims of domestic violence at a women care center in São Francisco do Conde, Bahia. Material and methods: This was a qualitative and quantitative study analyzing 67 reports of of domestic violence against women. he reports were filed at the Center for Specialized Police for Assistance to Women (NUDEAM) from 2012 to 2014. Results: There was a predominance of reports in the years 2012 (29/67; 43.3%) and 2014 (30/67, 44.8%) with description of victims aged 19-39 years (40/67; 59.7%); black (15/67; 22.4%); with incomplete primary education (16/67; 23.9%); family income of a minimum wage plus social benefits (22/67; 33%);and having about 1 to 2 children (29/67; 43.3%). Regarding the type of violence recorded in the police report, there were cases of physical aggression added of three or more other types of violence (16/ 67; 23.9%); and the protective guidance measure about Maria da Penha Law (18/67; 26.9). Conclusion: There was an increase in the number of cases of domestic violence filed at NUDEAM between the years 2012 and 2014, including young women, black, with low education and family income, with 1 to 2 children and subjected to physical violence added to three or more types of violence by the perpetrator, in most cases, the partner himself. (AU)

Perfil de pacientes com transtornos mentais atendidos no centro de atenção psicossocial do Município de Candeias: Bahia / Profile of patients with mental disorders assisted in the center for psychosocial care in the City of Candeias, Bahia, Brazil

Objetivo: Descrever o conjunto de características clínicas e sociodemográficas dos usuários do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial(CAPS II) do município de Candeias, na Bahia. Material e Métodos: A população do estudo constituiu-se de 71 usuários de ambos os sexos, cadastrados no serviço, no período de janeiro de 2013 a dezembro de2014. Utilizou-se formulário próprio para a coleta de dados secundários contidos nos prontuários analisados. As variáveis pesquisadas formam o perfil dos pacientes com transtornos mentais do município, tendo como características sociodemográficas investigadas: idade, sexo,etnia, escolaridade, religião, naturalidade e aspectos clínicos a partir dos diagnósticos apresentados de acordo com a Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID-10), o uso de medicações e as terapias frequentadas pelos usuários. Resultados: Na presente pesquisa, foram caracterizados 71 pacientes diagnosticados com doença mental, acerca de aspectos sociodemográficos, clínicos e terapêuticos, assistidos no CAPS II de Candeias. Conclusão: A população usuária do CAPS II da cidade de Candeias, estado da Bahia, é composta predominantemente de pacientes do sexo feminino, com idade média na faixa de 30 a 39 anos, seguidores da religião católica, com etnia predominante de pardos, com ensino fundamental completo, com naturalidade da cidade de Candeias e diagnosticados predominantemente com patologias mentais relacionadas ao CID F20 –F29 correspondente da esquizofrenia, transtornos esquizotípicos e transtornos delirantes para ambos os sexos.

Objective: To describe the set of clinical features and sociodemographic status of users of the Center for Psychosocial Care (CAPS II) in the city of Candeias, Bahia, Brazil. Material and Methods: The study population consisted of 71 health care users of both sexes assisted from January 2013 to December 2014. A form was used to collect secondary data contained in medical records. The surveyed variables composed the profile of patients with mental disorders in this municipality. The sociodemographic characteristics investigated were:age, sex, ethnicity, schooling, religion, nationality, clinical features based on the diagnosis in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases (CID-10), use of medications, and therapies accessible to users. Results: Herein, 71 patients diagnosed with mental disorders assisted in CAPS II Candeias were profiled as to their sociodemographic status, and clinical and therapeutic features.Conclusion: The users of CAPS II in the city of Candeias, Bahia state, are predominantly females, with an average age of 30 to 39 years, Catholics, mostly brown, with complete primary education, naturally from the city of Candeias. The users of both sexes were predominantly diagnosed with mental disorders related to CIDs F20-F29, which correspond to schizophrenia, and schizotypal and delusional disorders.

Ossos ID: uma proposta de banco de dados didático de peças anatômicas para área da saúde / Bones ID: a proposal of didactic database of anatomic parts to health area / Huesos ID: una propuesta de base de datos educativos de estructuras anatómicas para la área de salud

Objetivo: Desenvolvimento e padronização de uma base de dados didática para armazenamento de informações relacionadas às coleções de peças osteológicas humanas acondicionadas no ossário do Departamento de Morfologia da Universidade Federal do Ceará. Método: A presente pesquisa trata-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório executado em três etapas distintas: na primeira, foi desenvolvida a base de dados OssosID; na segunda etapa foi realizado a aplicação da base de dados OssosID e a terceira etapa consistiu na disponibilização da base de dados OssosID em nuvem, a partir do uso de software gratuito disponível online. Resultados e Conclusão: Após o desenvolvimento, aplicação e disponibilização da base de dados OssosID,foi possível observar que esta plataforma tornou-se viável para o seu uso contínuo e de rotina nas atividades do Departamento de Morfologia da Universidade Federal do Ceará, podendo servir como modelo para outras instituições de ensino e pesquisa devido a sua facilidade de operação e uniformidade.

Objective: Development and standardization of a didactic database to storage information related to human osteological collections of stored pieces in the ossuary of the Department of Morphology (DM) of the Federal University of Ceará (UFC). Method: The present research it is about a study descriptive and exploratory executed in three distinct stages: at first, was developed the based data: OssosID; at the second stage was performed the implementation of the OssosID and the third step consisted in providing the database OssosID in cloud by using a free software available online. Results and Conclusion: After the development, application and availability of the basedata: OssosID, we could observe that this platform has become viable for its continued and routine use in the activities of the Department of Morphology, Federal University of Ceará, and it can be used as a model for other institutions of education and research, by its easy operation and uniformity.

Objetivo: Desarrollo y normalización de una base de datos de enseñanza para almacenar información relacionada con las colecciones osteológicas de datos piezas que se conservan en el osario del Departamento de Morfología (DM) de la Universidad Federal de Ceará (UFC). Método: La presente investigación es un estudio descriptivo y exploratorio, ejecutado en tres etapas distintas: en primer lugar, fue desarrollado el base de datos: OssosID; la segunda etapa se llevó a cabo la aplicación de la base de datos OssosID y el tercer paso consistió en el suministro de el base OssosID nube de la utilización de software libre disponible en línea. Resultados y Conclusión: Después del desarrollo, la aplicación y la disponibilidad de los datos OssosID base, se observó que esta plataforma sea posible para su uso continuado y rutinaria en las actividades del Departamento de Morfología de la Universidad Federal de Ceará, pueden servir como un modelo para otras instituciones educativas y de investigación, debido a su facilidad de operación y la uniformidad.