An integrative review of Açaí (Euterpe oleracea and Euterpe precatoria): Traditional uses, phytochemical composition, market trends, and emerging applications.

The increasing trade and popularity of açaí prompt this review. Therefore, it is imperative to provide an overview of the fruit's characteristics and the available data on its marketing, research, and products derived from its pulp and seeds to comprehend the current state of the açaí industry. Concerning food applications, it was observed that there is still room for developing processes that effectively preserve the bioactive compounds of the fruit while also being economically feasible, which presents an opportunity for future research. A notable research trend has been focused on utilizing the fruit's seeds, a byproduct of açaí processing, which is still considered a significant technological challenge. Furthermore, the studies compiled in this review attest to the industry's considerable progress and ongoing efforts to demonstrate the various properties of açaí, driving the sector's exponential growth in Brazil and worldwide.

Embedding Play to Enrich Physical Therapy.

Play is an active process by which an individual is intrinsically motivated to explore the self, the environment, and/or interactions with another person. For infants and toddlers, engaging in play is essential to support development across multiple domains. Infants and toddlers with or at risk of motor delays may demonstrate differences in play or challenges with engaging in play activities compared to typically developing peers. Pediatric physical therapists often use play as a modality to engage children in therapeutic assessment and interventions. Careful consideration of the design and use of physical therapy that embeds play is needed. Following a 3-day consensus conference and review of the literature, we propose physical therapy that embeds play should consider three components; the child, the environment, and the family. First, engage the child by respecting the child's behavioral state and following the child's lead during play, respect the child's autonomous play initiatives and engagements, use activities across developmental domains, and adapt to the individual child's needs. Second, structure the environment including the toy selection to support using independent movements as a means to engage in play. Allow the child to initiate and sustain play activities. Third, engage families in play by respecting individual family cultures related to play, while also providing information on the value of play as a tool for learning. Partner with families to design an individualized physical therapy routine that scaffolds or advances play using newly emerging motor skills.

Cost Reduction in the Production of Spirulina Biomass and Biomolecules from Indole-3-Acetic Acid Supplementation in Different Growth Phases.

Despite the great potential for the industrial application of microalgae, production costs are still too high to make them a competitive raw material for commodities. Therefore, studying more efficient cultivation strategies in biomass production and economic viability is necessary. In this sense, this work aimed to reduce the production costs of biomass and biomolecules using phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid in different phases of Spirulina sp. LEB 18 cultivation. The experiments were conducted on bench scale indoor for 30 days. In each couple of experiments, the phytohormone was added on different days. The supplementation of indole-3-acetic acid on half of the growth deceleration phase of the microalga showed a cost reduction of 27%, 34%, and 75% for biomass, proteins, and carbohydrates, respectively. In addition, the strategy increased the final biomass concentration and carbohydrate content at 31.2 and 33.8%, respectively, compared to the condition without phytohormone. This study is the starting point for implementing phytohormone supplementation in industrial microalgal cultures.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the braden qd scale for use with neonates in brazil / Adaptación transcultural y validación del instrumento braden qd scale para su uso con neonatos en brasil / Adaptação transcultural e validação do instrumento braden qd scale para uso em neonatos no brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: to cross-culturally adapt and validate the Braden QD Scale for use with neonates in Brazil. Method: a methodological study of cross-cultural adaptation and observational cross-sectional validation study, carried out between December 2017 and August 2021. The participants were 10 specialists, 38 nurses and 105 newborns. The cross-cultural adaptation process involved the initial translation, synthesis, back-translation, expert committee, pre-test and approval of the adapted version of the original instrument by the author. Validation verified the validity, reliability and internal consistency psychometric properties, from simultaneous and independent application of the adapted instrument by two evaluators, and based on time evaluation from the video of five neonates at two different moments. The statistical tests performed were Content Validity Index, Cronbach's alpha and Kappa coefficient. Results: the Braden QD scale translation process resulted in the Portuguese version adapted for the Brazilian culture. The expert committee's Content Validity Index was ≥0.90 and that of the pre-test was ≥0.80. In interobserver reliability, all items obtained Kappa coefficients > 0.90. Cronbach's alpha was 0.773 and 0.769 for Evaluators 1 and 2, respectively, with Cronbach's alpha > 0.6 considered as reliable. In intraobserver agreement, the mean scores were not different in the practice. Conclusion: the instrument was cross-culturally adapted for use with neonates and children in Brazil. The Brazilian version presented statistical validity and reliability levels, proving to be valid for use in neonates in Brazil.

RESUMEN Objetivo: adaptar transculturalmente y validar el instrumento Braden QD Scale para su uso con neonatos en Brasil. Método: estudio metodológico de adaptación transcultural y estudio transversal y observacional de validación, realizados entre diciembre de 2017 y agosto de 2021. Los participantes fueron 10 especialistas, 38 enfermeros y 105 recién nacidos. El proceso de adaptación transcultural abarcó lo siguiente: traducción inicial, síntesis, retrotraducción, comité de especialistas, pre-test y aprobación de la versión adaptada a cargo de la autora del instrumento original. La validación verificó las propiedades psicométricas de validez, confiabilidad y consistencia interna, a partir de la aplicación del instrumento adaptado por parte de dos evaluadores, en forma simultánea e independiente, además de una evaluación temporal a partir de un video de cinco neonatos en dos momentos distintos. Las pruebas estadísticas correspondieron al Índice de Validez de Contenido, Alfa de Cronbach y Coeficiente Kappa. Resultados: el proceso de traducción de la escala Braden QD tuvo como resultado la versión en portugués adaptada para la cultura de Brasil. El índice de validez de contenido del comité de especialistas fue ≥ 0.90, mientras que el del pre-test fue ≥ 0.80. Al analizar la confiabilidad interobservador, todos los ítems obtuvieron coeficientes Kappa > 0,90. Los valores del Alfa de Cronbach fueron 0,773 y 0,769 para los evaluadores 1 y 2, respectivamente, donde Alfa de Cronbach > 0,6 se considera confiable. Al analizar la concordancia intraobservador, la media de las puntuaciones no difirió en la práctica. Conclusión: el instrumento fue adaptado transculturalmente para su uso con neonatos y niños en Brasil. La versión brasileña presentó niveles estadísticos de validez y confiabilidad, demostrando así ser válida para su uso con neonatos en Brasil.

RESUMO Objetivo: adaptar transculturalmente e validar o instrumento Braden QD Scale para uso em neonatos no Brasil. Método: estudo metodológico de adaptação transcultural e estudo transversal observacional de validação, realizado entre dezembro de 2017 a agosto de 2021. Participaram 10 especialistas, 38 enfermeiros e 105 recém-nascidos. O processo de adaptação transcultural envolveu a tradução inicial, síntese, retrotradução, comitê de especialistas, pré-teste e aprovação da versão adaptada pela autora do instrumento original. A validação verificou as propriedades psicométricas de validade, confiabilidade e consistência interna, a partir da aplicação do instrumento adaptado por dois avaliadores, de forma simultânea e independente, e avaliação temporal a partir de vídeo de cinco neonatos em dois momentos distintos. Os testes estatísticos foram o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo, alfa de Cronbach e coeficiente Kappa. Resultados: o processo de tradução da Braden QD scale resultou na versão em português adaptada para a cultura brasileira. O índice de validade de conteúdo do comitê de especialistas foi ≥0.90 e do pré-teste foi ≥0.80. Na confiabilidade interobservador todos os itens obtiveram coeficiente Kappa >0,90. O alfa de Cronbach do avaliador 1 foi de 0,773 e do Avaliador 2 foi de 0,769, sendo confiável o alfa de Cronbach >0,6. Na concordância intraobservador a média dos escores, na prática, não foram diferentes. Conclusão: o instrumento foi adaptado transculturalmente para uso em neonatos e crianças no Brasil. A versão brasileira apresentou níveis estatísticos de validade e confiabilidade, mostrando-se válida para uso em neonatos no Brasil.

Influência da pré-cloração na clarificação de águas para abastecimento utilizando coagulante à base de tanino / Pre-chlorination effects on drinking water treatment using tannin-based coagulant

RESUMO Diferentes técnicas de tratamento de água destinada ao abastecimento público, como a pré-cloração e o uso de coagulantes orgânicos, têm sido relatadas como alternativas econômica, técnica e ambientalmente viáveis. Entretanto, o resultado da interação entre esses processos deve ser estudado para sua aplicação com segurança. Dessa forma, este estudo objetivou avaliar a influência da pré-cloração na clarificação de água para abastecimento público, utilizando coagulante à base de tanino. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em jar test com o uso de Tanfloc SG como coagulante, variando as dosagens de 2,5 a 45,0 mg L−1, e de oxidante hipoclorito de sódio (NaClO) nas concentrações de cloro residual livre (HClO(NaClO)) de 0,8 e 5,0 mg L−1, no tratamento da água do ribeirão João Leite. As dosagens ótimas de coagulante foram determinadas para as seguintes condições de tratamento: adição somente de tanino; tanino e NaClO aplicados simultaneamente; e tanino adicionado após 30 min da pré-cloração. Nessas condições, o pH de coagulação foi analisado de 6,0 a 8,5. Foram avaliados parâmetros como turbidez, cor aparente, pH e HClO(NaClO). A melhor condição de tratamento com pré-cloração foi a adição simultânea de NaClO e coagulante tanino nas dosagens de 0,8 mg L−1 (HClO(NaClO)) e 10,0 mg L−1, respectivamente, com remoção de turbidez de 71,6% e cor aparente de 62,7%. Os resultados demonstraram que a pré-cloração afetou negativamente o processo de tratamento, e para maior concentração de HClO(NaClO) maior foi a dosagem de tanino requerida, sem apresentar aumento significativo nas eficiências de remoção de turbidez e cor aparente.

ABSTRACT Different techniques in the treatment of water intended for public supply such as pre-chlorination and use of organic coagulants have been reported as economic, technical and environmental viable alternatives. However, the result of the interaction between these processes should be studied for their safe application. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of pre-chlorination on coagulation and flocculation of water for public supply using a tannin-based coagulant. The assays were conducted in Jar Test using Tanfloc SG as a coagulant, varying the dosages from 2.5 to 45.0 mg L−1, and sodium hypochlorite oxidant (NaClO) in the concentrations of free residual chlorine (HClO(NaClO)) of 0.8 and 5.0 mg L−1, in the water treatment of João Leite River. Optimal coagulant dosages were determined for the following treatment conditions: addition of tannin only; tannin and NaClO applied simultaneously; and, tannin added after 30 min of pre-chlorination. Under these conditions, the coagulation pH was analyzed from 6.0 to 8.5. Parameters such as turbidity, apparent color, pH and HClO (NaClO) were evaluated. The best treatment condition with pre-chlorination was the simultaneous addition of NaClO and coagulant at dosages of 0.8 mg L−1(HClO(NaClO)) and 10.0 mg L−1 respectively, with turbidity removal of 71.6% and apparent color of 62.7%. In general, the results showed that pre-chlorination negatively affected the process being that the higher concentration of HClO(NaClO) the higher tannin dosage, without presenting a significant increase in the efficiencies of turbidity and apparent color removal.

Influenza B infection and Kawasaki disease in an adolescent during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case report. / Infecção por Influenza B e doença de Kawasaki em adolescente durante a pandemia da COVID-19: relato de caso.

We report a case of Influenza B infection and Kawasaki disease in an adolescent, diagnosed during the COVID-19 pandemic. An asthmatic female adolescent presented with fever and flu-like symptoms for 7 days and was admitted with acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. She progressed with hemodynamic instability responsive to vasoactive drugs. Antibiotic therapy and support measures were introduced, showing progressive hemodynamics and respiratory improvement, however with persistent fever and increased inflammatory markers. During the hospitalization, she developed bilateral non-purulent conjunctivitis, hand and feet desquamation, strawberry tongue, and cervical adenopathy, and was diagnosed with Kawasaki disease. She was prescribed intravenous immunoglobulin and, due to the refractory clinical conditions, corticosteroid therapy was added; 24 hours later, the patient was afebrile. No coronary changes were found. A full viral panel including COVID-19 C-reactive protein and serology could only isolate the Influenza B virus. During the hospitalization, she was diagnosed with pulmonary thromboembolism; coagulopathies were investigated, and she was diagnosed with heterozygous factor V Leiden mutation. There is a potential association between Kawasaki disease and infection with Influenza B or with other viruses such as coronavirus. Therefore, this association should be considered in pediatric patients, adolescents included, with prolonged febrile conditions.

Apresentação de um caso de infecção por Influenza B e doença de Kawasaki em adolescente ocorrido durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Adolescente asmática evoluiu com febre e síndrome gripal por 7 dias e deu entrada com quadro de insuficiência respiratória aguda, necessitando de intubação orotraqueal. Evoluiu também com instabilidade hemodinâmica respondedora ao uso de droga vasoativa. Foram introduzidas antibioticoterapia e medidas de suporte. Apresentou melhora hemodinâmica e respiratória progressiva, porém mantinha febre e alteração de provas inflamatórias. Durante internação, evoluiu com conjuntivite não purulenta bilateral, descamação de mão e pés, língua em framboesa e linfonodomegalia cervical, recebendo diagnóstico de doença de Kawasaki. Recebeu gamaglobulina e, por conta de quadro clínico refratário, foi administrado também corticoide, evoluindo afebril 24 horas após. Não apresentou alterações coronarianas. O único agente isolado foi Influenza B, mesmo realizando painel viral e investigação para COVID-19 com reação em cadeia da polimerase e sorologia. Durante internação, apresentou tromboembolismo pulmonar, e, em investigação de coagulopatias, foi diagnosticada com mutação em heterozigose de fator V de Leiden. Há uma potencial associação entre doença de Kawasaki e infecção por Influenza B ou outros vírus, como o coronavírus e, por isso, esses diagnósticos devem ser investigados nos pacientes pediátricos, incluindo adolescentes, com quadros febris prolongados.

Infecção por Influenza B e doença de Kawasaki em adolescente durante a pandemia da COVID-19: relato de caso / Influenza B infection and Kawasaki disease in an adolescent during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case report

RESUMO Apresentação de um caso de infecção por Influenza B e doença de Kawasaki em adolescente ocorrido durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Adolescente asmática evoluiu com febre e síndrome gripal por 7 dias e deu entrada com quadro de insuficiência respiratória aguda, necessitando de intubação orotraqueal. Evoluiu também com instabilidade hemodinâmica respondedora ao uso de droga vasoativa. Foram introduzidas antibioticoterapia e medidas de suporte. Apresentou melhora hemodinâmica e respiratória progressiva, porém mantinha febre e alteração de provas inflamatórias. Durante internação, evoluiu com conjuntivite não purulenta bilateral, descamação de mão e pés, língua em framboesa e linfonodomegalia cervical, recebendo diagnóstico de doença de Kawasaki. Recebeu gamaglobulina e, por conta de quadro clínico refratário, foi administrado também corticoide, evoluindo afebril 24 horas após. Não apresentou alterações coronarianas. O único agente isolado foi Influenza B, mesmo realizando painel viral e investigação para COVID-19 com reação em cadeia da polimerase e sorologia. Durante internação, apresentou tromboembolismo pulmonar, e, em investigação de coagulopatias, foi diagnosticada com mutação em heterozigose de fator V de Leiden. Há uma potencial associação entre doença de Kawasaki e infecção por Influenza B ou outros vírus, como o coronavírus e, por isso, esses diagnósticos devem ser investigados nos pacientes pediátricos, incluindo adolescentes, com quadros febris prolongados.

ABSTRACT We report a case of Influenza B infection and Kawasaki disease in an adolescent, diagnosed during the COVID-19 pandemic. An asthmatic female adolescent presented with fever and flu-like symptoms for 7 days and was admitted with acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. She progressed with hemodynamic instability responsive to vasoactive drugs. Antibiotic therapy and support measures were introduced, showing progressive hemodynamics and respiratory improvement, however with persistent fever and increased inflammatory markers. During the hospitalization, she developed bilateral non-purulent conjunctivitis, hand and feet desquamation, strawberry tongue, and cervical adenopathy, and was diagnosed with Kawasaki disease. She was prescribed intravenous immunoglobulin and, due to the refractory clinical conditions, corticosteroid therapy was added; 24 hours later, the patient was afebrile. No coronary changes were found. A full viral panel including COVID-19 C-reactive protein and serology could only isolate the Influenza B virus. During the hospitalization, she was diagnosed with pulmonary thromboembolism; coagulopathies were investigated, and she was diagnosed with heterozygous factor V Leiden mutation. There is a potential association between Kawasaki disease and infection with Influenza B or with other viruses such as coronavirus. Therefore, this association should be considered in pediatric patients, adolescents included, with prolonged febrile conditions.

Perceptions of the multi-professional team given the legal interruption of pregnancy due to sexual violence / Percepciones del equipo multiprofesional frente a la interrupción legal del embarazo por violencia sexual / Percepções da equipe multiprofissional frente à interrupção legal da gestação por violência sexual

ABSTRACT Objective: to know the feelings and coping strategies used by the multi-professional team in relation to cases of legal interruption of pregnancy. Method: a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study, conducted with 21 professionals in a hospital in the Southern Region of Brazil in September and October 2018. The participants were selected by the snowball technique and answered semi-structured individual interviews. The data were analyzed according to Minayo's operative proposal. Results: two thematic categories were unveiled: feelings related to participation in the process of legal interruption of pregnancy and ways of coping and support service of the institution. The participants revealed feelings ranging from indifference to empathy, and that their main ways of coping are the search for specialized services, conversation groups, family and religion. Conclusion: it was observed that the cases assisted give rise to diverse feelings in the professionals and, according to reports, they do not receive any form of support from the institution to deal with them.

RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer los sentimientos y las estrategias de enfrentamiento que utiliza el equipo multi-professional ante los casos de interrupción legal de la gestación. Método: estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, realizado con 21 profesionales en un hospital de la Región Sur de Brasil entre los meses de septiembre y octubre de 2018. Los participantes fueron seleccionados por la técnica de bola de nieve y respondieron cuestionarios individuales semiestructurados. Los datos se analizaron de acuerdo con la propuesta operativa de Minayo. Resultados: se establecieron dos categorías temáticas: Sentimientos relacionados con la participación en el proceso de interrupción legal del embarazo y Formas de afrontamiento y servicio de apoyo de la institución. Los participantes revelaron sentimientos que van desde la indiferencia hasta la empatía; las principales formas de afrontamiento fueron la búsqueda de servicios especializados, grupos de conversación, familia y religión. Conclusión: se observó que los casos atendidos generan diversos sentimientos en los profesionales y, según se desprende de sus relatos, estos no reciben ninguna clase de apoyo por parte de la institución para lidiar con los mismos.

RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer os sentimentos e estratégias de enfrentamento utilizado pela equipe multiprofissional frente aos casos de interrupção legal da gestação. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, realizado com 21 profissionais em um hospital da Região Sul do Brasil nos meses de setembro e outubro de 2018. Os participantes foram selecionados pela técnica de snowball e responderam a entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas. Os dados foram analisados de acordo com a proposta operativa de Minayo. Resultados: foram elencadas duas categorias temáticas: sentimentos relacionados a participação no processo de interrupção legal da gestação e formas de enfrentamento e serviço de apoio da instituição. Os participantes revelaram sentimentos que variam de indiferença à empatia, e que suas principais formas de enfrentamento são a procura por serviços especializados, grupos de conversa, família e religião. Conclusão: observou-se que os casos atendidos afloram sentimentos diversos nos profissionais e conforme relatos estes não recebem nenhuma forma de apoio por parte da instituição para lidarem com os mesmos.

Alcoholic fermentation as a potential tool for coffee pulp detoxification and reuse: Analysis of phenolic composition and caffeine content by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS.

High-performance liquid chromatography with diode array (HPLC-DAD) and liquid chromatograph triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) were used to characterize raw and fermented coffee pulps in terms of their phenolic composition and caffeine content. The qualitative analysis showed no significant differences between the raw and the fermented pulps. Free hydroxycinnamic acids (HAs) were mainly chlorogenic acids, with 5-caffeoylquinic acid as the major compound. Bound HAs released caffeic acids during alkaline hydrolysis, and no bound ferulic and p-coumaric acids were detected. The fermentation process allowed the detoxification of the pulp from caffeine by 50%, while significantly reducing the amounts of residue by 64%. Moreover, the fermented products could be further processed to provide high added-value molecules with potential industrial applications, providing a new source of income for the small coffee producers.

Potential of microalgae as biopesticides to contribute to sustainable agriculture and environmental development.

The loss of yields from agricultural production due to the presence of pests has been treated over the years with synthetic pesticides, but the use of these substances negatively affects the environment and presents health risks for consumers and animals. The development of agroecological systems using biopesticides represents a safe alternative that contributes to the reduction of agrochemical use and sustainable agriculture. Microalgae are able to biosynthesize a number of metabolites with potential biopesticidal action and can be considered potential biological agents for the control of harmful organisms to soils and plants. The present work aims to provide a critical perspective on the consequences of using synthetic pesticides, offering as an alternative the biopesticides obtained from microalgal biomass, which can be used together with the implementation of environmentally friendly agricultural systems.

Sensitive skin: review of an ascending concept.

Sensitive skin is a condition characterized by stinging, burning and itching sensations. The diagnosis, pathophysiology and treatment of sensitive skin are still under discussion. In the last years, studies on its epidemiology have been performed, showing a high prevalence and impact on quality of life. Brazilian population was also considered in these studies. Cosmetics, climate changes and skin barrier impairment are the main factors that contribute for skin hyperreactivity. New studies are trying to bring new knowledge about the theme. This review will describe data on epidemiology, triggering factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment.

Sensitive skin: review of an ascending concept

Abstract: Sensitive skin is a condition characterized by stinging, burning and itching sensations. The diagnosis, pathophysiology and treatment of sensitive skin are still under discussion. In the last years, studies on its epidemiology have been performed, showing a high prevalence and impact on quality of life. Brazilian population was also considered in these studies. Cosmetics, climate changes and skin barrier impairment are the main factors that contribute for skin hyperreactivity. New studies are trying to bring new knowledge about the theme. This review will describe data on epidemiology, triggering factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment.

Sentimentos e expectativas vivenciados pelas adolescentes ao se tornarem mães: nota prévia / Feelings and expectations experienced by teenagers to become mothers: introductory note / Sentimientos y expectativas de las adolescentes al convertirse en madres: nota introductoria

Objetivo: conhecer os sentimentos e expectativas vivenciados por mulheres adolescentes ao se tornarem mães. Método: estudo de campo, descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa. O cenário de estudo é um hospital do interior do Rio Grande do Sul, o período de coleta de dados foi outubro e novembro de 2016. As participantes da pesquisa são adolescentes no período de pós-parto mediato. Os dados foram coletados por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada e, após, serão analisados através da proposta operativa de Minayo. Resultados esperados: espera-se que este estudo promova discussões e reflexões que auxiliem na compreensão dos sentimentos e expectativas vivenciados pelas jovens adolescentes ao se tornarem mães.

Aim: to know the feelings and expectations experienced by adolescent women to become mothers. Method: descriptive, field study with a qualitative approach. The study will be at a hospital in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul. The subject of research will be teenagers in the postpartum period melican. The data will be collected by means of a semi-structured interview, from October to November 2016, and, then, analyzed through the operational proposal of Minayo. Expected results: it is expected that this study promotes discussions and reflections that help in the understanding the feelings and expectations experienced by young teenagers to become mothers.

Objetivo: conocer los sentimientos y las expectativas de las mujeres adolescentes al convertirse en madres. Método: estudio descriptivo, de campo con enfoque cualitativo. El escenario del estudio será un hospital del interior del Rio Grande do Sul, el período de recolecta de datos será octubre y noviembre de 2016. Las participantes de la investigación serán adolescentes en el período puerperio inmediato. Los datos serán recolectados por medio de entrevista semi-estructurada y, después, van a ser analizados a través de la propuesta operativa de Minayo. Resultados esperados: se espera que ese estudio posibilite debates y reflexiones que contribuyan para la comprensión de los sentimientos y de las expectativas vividas por las jóvenes adolescentes al convertirse en madres

Effects of nandrolone decanoate on spermatogenesis in Wistar rats with and without physical training / Efectos del decanoato de nandrolona sobre la espermatogénesis en ratas Wistar con y sin entrenamiento físico

Androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) are artificial testosterone analogues, used as medicine in chronic diseases, because they increase protein synthesis generating muscle hypertrophy. Its effect has caught the attention of athletes and gym users, thus their consumption has become epidemic, due to easy marketing, the immediate results and the false impression that it doesn't carry health risks. Such risks may globally harm the body. This study aims to investigate the influence on spermatogenesis of using nandrolone decanoate with or without physical training. Twenty-four rats, divided into four groups were used: sedentary group (SG), sedentary on steroids group (SSG), trained group (TG) and trained on steroids group (TSG). The animals were trained on voluntary exercise wheel twice a week during 12 weeks, and were subsequently euthanized by decapitation. Groups TSG and SSG received intramuscular injections of 5 mg / kg of the AAS. It was found that there was a greater cellularity in TSG, suggesting interference between androgen therapy and physical training on the mount of cells in the seminiferous epithelium. Comparing the TSG group with the SG, it is noticed that the physical training associated with the use of steroid tends to affect cell division without compromise, however, the number of spermatogonia, did not significantly vary compared to the control group. Finally, it seems that there was no significant statistical difference among the groups in terms of spermatogenesis yield, so that can not be said that the use of nandrolone decanoate, with or without the physical training, interfere with fertility.

Los esteroides anabólicos androgénicos (EAA) son análogos de testosterona artificiales, utilizados como medicina en las enfermedades crónicas, ya que aumentan la síntesis de proteínas generando hipertrofia muscular. Su efecto ha llamado la atención de atletas y usuarios de gimnasios, por lo que su consumo se ha convertido en epidemia, debido a la comercialización fácil, los resultados inmediatos y la falsa impresión de que no conllevan riesgos para la salud. Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la influencia de utilizar decanoato de nandrolona con o sin entrenamiento físico sobre la espermatogénesis. Se utilizaron 24 ratas, divididas en cuatro grupos: entrenado (GE), entrenado en esteroides (GEE), sedentario en esteroides (GSE) y sedentario (GS). Los grupos GEE y GSE recibieron inyecciones intramusculares de 5 mg/kg de la EAA. Los animales fueron entrenados con ejercicio voluntario en la rueda de correr dos veces por semana durante 12 semanas. Luego, los animales fueron sacrificados por decapitación. Se encontró que hubo una mayor celularidad en GEE, lo que sugiere la interferencia entre la terapia con andrógenos y entrenamiento físico en la cantidad de células en el epitelio seminífero. Comparando el grupo GEE con el GS, se observa que el entrenamiento físico asociado con el uso de esteroides tiende a afectar a la división celular sin comprometerla, sin embargo, el número de espermatogonias, no varió significativamente en comparación con el grupo control. Finalmente, no hubo diferencia significativa entre los grupos en términos de rendimiento de la espermatogénesis, por lo que no se puede decir que el uso del decanoato de nandrolona, con o sin el entrenamiento físico, interfiere con la fertilidad.

UV light and skin aging.

This article reviews current data about the relationship between sun radiation and skin, especially with regards ultraviolet light and the skin aging process. The benefits of sun exposition and the photoaging process are discussed. Finally, the authors present a review of photoprotection agents that are commercially available nowadays.

Percepção de estudantes da área da saúde sobre comunidades rurais quilombolas no norte de Minas Gerais-Brasil / Students' perception of health on Quilombola Rural Communities in the North of Minas Gerais, Brazil

OBJETIVO: verificar a percepção de estudantes da área da saúde sobre as condições de vida e saúde de Comunidades Quilombolas. MÉTODO: trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa realizada com estudantes da área de saúde que participaram de uma atividade de pesquisa e extensão em Comunidades Rurais Quilombolas do norte de Minas Gerais. Foram usados dados de Diário de Campo de Pesquisa, entrevista feita em grupo focal, e os resultados estudados sob o prisma da Análise de Conteúdo. RESULTADOS: as percepções dos estudantes foram categorizadas em três dimensões: reconhecimento das diferenças culturais, perplexidade com as condições precárias de vida e crescimento pessoal com a experiência. A análise de conteúdo mostrou a importância deste tipo de atividade para estudantes da saúde. CONCLUSÃO: o estudo demonstrou a perplexidade dos estudantes quanto aos aspectos de desigualdade que vive as populações quilombolas do norte de Minas Gerais.

PURPOSE: to verify the perception of students about the conditions of life and health of Quilombo Communities. METHOD: it is a qualitative research with students of health field who participated in an activity of research and extension in Rural Communities Quilombola in northern Minas Gerais. We used data from Field Journal for Research, focus group interview, and the results analyzed through the prism of Content Analysis. RESULTS: the perceptions of students were categorized into three dimensions: recognition of cultural differences, perplexity with the poor living conditions and personal growth through experience. The content analysis showed the importance of this activity for students of health. CONCLUSIONS: the study showed the amazement of the students on the aspects of inequality that people living north of the Maroons of Minas Gerais.

Photoprotective and antioxidant effects of Rhubarb: inhibitory action on tyrosinase and tyrosine kinase activities and TNF-α, IL-1α and α-MSH production in human melanocytes.

BACKGROUND: Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation causes various forms of acute and chronic skin damage, including immunosuppression, inflammation, premature aging and photodamage. Furthermore, it induces the generation of reactive oxygen species, produces proinflammatory cytokines and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and increases tyrosinase activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential photoprotective effects of Rheum rhaponticum L. rhizome extract on human UV-stimulated melanocytes. METHODS: The effects of Rheum rhaponticum rhizome extract on tyrosine kinase activity, and on interleukin-1α (IL-1α), tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and α-MSH production in human epidermal melanocytes were evaluated under UV-stimulated and non-stimulated conditions. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by lipid peroxidation and 1,1-dyphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assays, while anti-tyrosinase activity was evaluated by the mushroom tyrosinase method. RESULTS: Rheum rhaponticum L. rhizome extract showed in vitro antioxidant properties against lipid peroxidation, free radical scavenging and anti-tyrosinase activities, and inhibited the production of IL-1α, TNF-α, α-MSH, and tyrosine kinase activity in melanocytes subjected to UV radiation. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the inclusion of Rheum rhaponticum L. rhizome extract into cosmetic, sunscreen and skin care products for the prevention or reduction of photodamage.

Mulheres quilombolas: profissionais na estratégia de saúde da família / Women slave descendents: professional in the strategy of family health

O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender as impressões de mulheres quilombolas que atuam como profissionais de uma Equipe de Estratégia de Saúde da Família sobre o trabalho desempenhado junto à sua comunidade. A investigação teve abordagem qualitativa, sendo os sujeitos mulheres quilombolas de uma Comunidade Rural Quilombola de um município do interior de Minas Gerais. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, a visão crítica deu-se através da análise de conteúdo focado no tema, embasamento a partir da Teoria Fundamentada em Dados, que possibilitou a ordenação por categorias, de acordo com a similitude. Formaram-se as seguintes categorias de análise: Sentimentos pessoais quanto ao trabalho em saúde; Complexidade e obstáculos da atuação como profissionais de saúde junto aos grupos operativos da Estratégia de Saúde da Família; Dificuldades de mobilidade para os trabalhos de visitas domiciliares; Saúde Infantil; Deficiências da Assistência à Saúde; Hábitos nocivos e questões sociais que influenciam nas condições de saúde. As falas revelaram que as entrevistadas sentem-se felizes em atuar na saúde da Comunidade Quilombola, que encontram dificuldades ligadas a falta de uma melhor capacitação para melhorar o diálogo com as pessoas, enfrentam problemas de deslocamento decorrente das grandes distâncias. Demonstram grande preocupação quanto ao acesso de sua Comunidade à assistência hospitalar e quanto as questões sociais que agravam os problemas de saúde..

The aim of this study was to understand the views of women who work as professionals Maroons of a team of Family Health Strategy on the work performed by his community. The research had a qualitative approach, being the subject of a maroon women's Rural Community Quilombola of the small city in Minas Gerais. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews; the critical view came through the content analysis focused on the theme, from the basement Grounded Theory, which allowed sorting by categories according to their similarity. Formed the following analysis categories: Personal feelings about the health work; complexity and barriers to operating as health professionals together to groups operating from the Family Health Strategy; mobility difficulties to the work of home visits; Child Health; Disability Health Care; harmful habits and social issues that influence health conditions. The statements revealed that the respondents are happy in working in Community Health Quilombola, who find difficulties with the lack of a better capacity to improve dialogue with people facing problems of displacement resulting from large distances. Show great concern about access to your community hospital and the social issues that exacerbate health problems. .

Effects of Coccoloba uvifera L. on UV-stimulated melanocytes.

BACKGROUND: Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation induces generation of reactive oxygen species, production of proinflammatory cytokines and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) as well as increase in tyrosinase activity. The potential photoprotective effects of Coccoloba uvifera extract (CUE) were evaluated in UV-stimulated melanocytes. METHODS: Human epidermal melanocytes were used as an in vitro model to evaluate the effects of CUE on the production interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and alpha-MSH under basal and UV-stimulated conditions. Antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities were also evaluated in membrane lipid peroxidation and mushroom tyrosinase assay, respectively. RESULTS: Coccoloba uvifera L. showed antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities and also inhibited the production of IL-1alpha, TNF-alpha and alpha-MSH in melanocytes subjected to UV radiation (P<0.01). Moreover, CUE inhibited the activity of tyrosine kinase in cell culture under basal and UV radiation conditions (P<0.001), corroborating the findings of the mushroom tyrosinase assay. CONCLUSION: This study supports the photoprotective potential of CUE.