ABSTRACT
Recent research suggests the importance of exploring religious and spiritual factors in relation to the continuum of disordered eating. This continuum ranges from mild disordered eating behaviors and attitudes to moderate levels of disordered eating pathology (DEP) through full-blown clinical levels of eating disorders (EDs). The current study is the first to explore the role that religious coping (both positive and negative) plays in the development DEP, which is considered a risk factor for the development of EDs. In addition, the study aims to describe levels of DEP among a non-clinical sample of 102 Orthodox Jewish adolescent females. Participants completed a questionnaire measuring religious coping strategies, DEP and self-esteem. Results indicated that greater use of negative religious coping was associated with higher levels of DEP. Mediation analyses suggested that greater negative religious coping is related to lower levels of self-esteem, which accounts for higher levels of DEP. Furthermore, findings revealed relatively lower overall levels of DEP among this sample, compared to similar populations in Israel and the USA. These results suggest that a strong religious and spiritual identity may serve as a protective factor against DEP.
Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Feeding and Eating Disorders/psychology , Judaism/psychology , Religion and Psychology , Adolescent , Female , Humans , New York City , Risk Factors , Self Concept , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There is some evidence that singing lessons may be of benefit to patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is not clear how much of this benefit is specific to singing and how much relates to the classes being a group activity that addresses social isolation. METHODS: Patients were randomised to either singing classes or a film club for eight weeks. Response was assessed quantitatively through health status questionnaires, measures of breathing control, exercise capacity and physical activity and qualitatively, through structured interviews with a clinical psychologist. RESULTS: The singing group (n=13 mean(SD) FEV1 44.4(14.4)% predicted) and film group (n=11 FEV1 63.5(25.5)%predicted) did not differ significantly at baseline. There was a significant difference between the response of the physical component score of the SF-36, favouring the singing group +12.9(19.0) vs -0.25(11.9) (p=0.02), but no difference in response of the mental component score of the SF-36, breathing control measures, exercise capacity or daily physical activity. In the qualitative element, positive effects on physical well-being were reported in the singing group but not the film group. CONCLUSION: Singing classes have an impact on health status distinct from that achieved simply by taking part in a group activity. TRIALS REGISTRATION: Registration Current Controlled Trials - ISRCTN17544114.
Subject(s)
Health Status , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy , Singing/physiology , Aged , Exercise Tolerance/physiology , Humans , Middle Aged , Motion Pictures , Motor Activity/physiology , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/psychology , Respiratory Mechanics/physiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine whether young children involved with child welfare (CW) have gross motor (GM) delay; to examine relationships between GM skills and the influence of multiple factors on GM skills. METHODS: One hundred seventy-six children involved with CW received GM assessment, physical examinations, and caseworker interviews. Descriptive statistics, correlations, t tests, analysis of variance and covariance, and multiple regression analyses were completed. RESULTS: GM scores, lower than population norms, were associated with growth parameters. Children in kinship care had significantly higher GM scores compared with children in foster care and those with in-home protective services when adjusted for differences in time in CW. Abuse/neglect, medical neglect, and parental substance abuse produced lower scores; referral for abandonment produced higher scores. Age was most strongly related to GM outcome, with multiple regression explaining 19% of GM variance. CONCLUSION: Children involved with CW have lower mean GM scores than population norms. Several factors specific to CW experiences may influence GM outcome.
Subject(s)
Child Development/physiology , Child Welfare/statistics & numerical data , Developmental Disabilities/etiology , Urban Population/statistics & numerical data , Age Factors , Analysis of Variance , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Health Status Indicators , Humans , Male , Motor Skills , Pennsylvania , Regression Analysis , Risk Factors , Statistics as TopicABSTRACT
Infants placed in foster care are at high risk for emotional and behavioral problems. Assessment of their mental health must account for their often-adverse life experiences prior to placement and the involvement of multiple systems that shape their lives in lieu of parents' authority. This article presents practice guidelines for infant mental health evaluations with consideration of legal requirements and the unique issues conferred by foster care.
