ABSTRACT
RESUMEN: La enfermedad periodontal se clasifica en dos grandes grupos principales: gingivitis y periodontitis, desencadenadas por una alteración de la microbiota oral, que causa un aumento de microorganismos patógenos con respecto a los beneficiosos. Estos, en interacción con el hospedero y con los factores de riesgo del paciente, definirán una presentación clínica específica. Una de las estrategias que se propone como alternativa frente al uso de antibióticos y como coadyuvante del raspado y alisado radicular (RAR) para tratar las periodontitis, es la administración de probióticos. Los probióticos son denominados como microorganismos vivos que al ser administrados en cantidades adecuadas son capaces de ejercer una acción benéfica sobre la salud del hospedador. Por tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue describir el beneficio de los probióticos en la prevención y tratamiento de las principales enfermedades periodontales. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda desde Enero del 2010 a Mayo del 2020 en Pubmed, Web of Science, SciELO, Science Direct y el Portal Timbó. Obteniéndose como resultado que los probióticos son capaces de reducir los parámetros clínicos y microbiológicos de dichas enfermedades y que pueden ser un valioso complemento en su prevención y tratamiento.
ABSTRACT: Periodontal disease is classified into two main groups: gingivitis and periodontitis, triggered by an alteration of the oral microbiota, which causes an increase in pathogenic microorganisms with respect to the beneficial ones. In interaction with the host and with the risk factors of the patient. They will define a specific clinical presentation. One of the strategies proposed as an alternative to the use of antibiotics and as an adjunct to scraping and root planning (RAR) to treat periodontitis, is the administration of probiotics. Probiotics are living microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, are capable of exerting a beneficial action on the health of the host. Therefore, the objective of this work was to describe the benefit of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of the main periodontal diseases. For this, a search was carried out between 2010 and 2020 in PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, Science Direct and the Timbó Portal. The results obtained showed that probiotics are capable of reducing the clinical and microbiological parameters of these diseases and that they can be a valuable complement in their prevention and treatment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Periodontal Diseases , Periodontitis , Probiotics , GingivitisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Tissue architecture and cell morphology suffer profound alterations during oral cancer and are important markers for its progression and outcome. For precise visualization of tissue architecture in oral cancer, we used confocal microscopy to examine the staining pattern of wheat germ agglutinin, a lectin that binds membrane glycoproteins, and the staining patterns of structural proteins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Paraffin sections of oral squamous cell carcinoma were stained with fluorescently labeled wheat germ agglutinin and with antibodies against structural proteins, which were revealed by immunohistochemistry with tyramide signal amplification. RESULTS: Membrane localization of wheat germ agglutinin was markedly decreased in the basal layers and in regions of tumor invasion, accompanied by cytoplasmic redistribution of E-cadherin, ß-actin and syndecan-1. Wheat germ agglutinin staining clearly identified tumor clusters within the surrounding stroma, and tumor cells with elongated morphology. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the wheat germ agglutinin staining pattern is indicative of the degree of cell cohesion in oral squamous cell carcinoma, which decreases in basal layers and invasive tumor clusters with more migratory morphologies. Wheat germ agglutinin staining in combination with confocal microscopy could constitute, therefore, a valuable tool for the study of tissue architecture in oral cancer.
