ABSTRACT
Air traffic control (ATC) primary radars are 'classical' radars that use echoes of radiofrequency (RF) pulses from aircraft to determine their position. High-power RF pulses radiated from radar antennas may produce high electromagnetic field levels in the surrounding area. Measurement of electromagnetic fields produced by RF-pulsed radar by means of a swept-tuned spectrum analyser are investigated here. Measurements have been carried out both in the laboratory and in situ on signals generated by an ATC primary radar.
Subject(s)
Algorithms , Environmental Exposure/analysis , Radar/instrumentation , Radiation Monitoring/instrumentation , Radiation Monitoring/methods , Spectrum Analysis/instrumentation , Spectrum Analysis/methods , Aircraft , Electromagnetic Fields , Equipment Design , Equipment Failure Analysis , Radiation Dosage , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcasting Handheld) is the standard developed by DVB Project and approved by ETSI with the aim of providing the reception of DVB signals even in mobility but also data transfers and multimedia services. The introduction and development of the DVB-H system is still ongoing. In this context, this work focuses on the temporal trend of electromagnetic impact of an urban DVB-H repeater (called 'gap-filler') for exposure assessment purposes; it also describes a method for its measurement by means of narrow band instrumental chains.
Subject(s)
Environmental Exposure/analysis , Radiation Monitoring/instrumentation , Radiation Monitoring/methods , Telecommunications/instrumentation , Electromagnetic Fields , Equipment Design , Equipment Failure Analysis , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
The launch of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), the most recent mobile telecommunications standard has imposed the requirement of updating measurement instrumentation and methodologies. In order to define the most reliable measurement procedure, which is aimed at assessing the exposure to electromagnetic fields, modern spectrum analysers' features for correct signal characterisation has been reviewed.
Subject(s)
Cell Phone/standards , Equipment Failure Analysis/instrumentation , Radiation Monitoring/instrumentation , Radiation , Radio Waves , Radiometry/instrumentation , Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted/instrumentation , Equipment Failure Analysis/methods , Equipment Failure Analysis/standards , Guidelines as Topic , Internationality , Radiation Dosage , Radiometry/methods , Radiometry/standards , Risk Assessment/methods , Risk Assessment/standards , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Monitoring of electric field levels produced by base stations (BSs) for mobile telephones of different typologies (TACS. GSM, DCS) has been carried out. Results show that BSs can be classified as 'business' or 'residential'. The mean value of six minutes averaged E-field value measured between 10 a.m. and 1 p.m. corresponds to the 84% of the maximum daily six minutes averaged value. Comparison between electromagnetic field levels produced by BSs and their phone traffic data, supplied by companies, is shown. Finally, on an hourly average basis, a daily curve has been constructed of the exposure trend produced by such installations.
