Retrospective Evaluation of a Fixed-Dose Combination of Oxycodone and Acetaminophen to Manage Moderate Pain: The Lower the Better.

INTRODUCTION: Oxycodone is one of the most commonly used opioid analgesics in the clinical management of pain. The present retrospective analysis aimed to determine the dose of oxycodone that could achieve effective control of moderate pain when combined with a fixed dose of acetaminophen, and the time required to reach a clinically relevant reduction in intensity of pain. METHODS: Data of patients treated with a combination of oxycodone (5, 10, and 20 mg) and acetaminophen (325 mg) were evaluated for gender, current disease condition, basal pain intensity, total daily dose, days of controlled pain at the initial low dose, and pain intensity after treatment using a numeric pain rating scale. RESULTS: Data from a total of 491 patients were assessed; of these 93.5% of patients experienced persistent non-cancer pain and had an average baseline pain score of 5.68 ± 1.35. For the overall population, the pain score was reduced to 2.49 ± 1.71 with a mean dose of 8.68 ± 4.96 mg oxycodone after 21.60 ± 6.12 days of treatment with the combination. Almost 97% of the patients who reported relief of pain received 1.61 ± 0.67 doses of oxycodone 5 mg combined with 325 mg of acetaminophen. CONCLUSION: A low-dose combination of oxycodone with acetaminophen can be effective in the management of moderate pain and may help in reducing the treatment-associated adverse reactions and drug dependence. FUNDING: Sponsorship for article processing charges was provided by Molteni Farmaceutici, Florence, Italy.

A prospective comparison of continuous wound infiltration with ropivacaine versus single-injection paravertebral block after modified radical mastectomy.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of continuous wound infiltration with local anesthetic has not been compared with that of thoracic paravertebral block (PVB) after breast surgery. In this study, we evaluated the analgesic efficacy and morphine consumption of the two techniques after mastectomy. METHODS: Forty-eight patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy with axillary dissection were randomly assigned to either a preoperative PVB with 20 mL of ropivacaine 0.5% (group PVB) or a continuous ropivacaine 0.5% infusion (CRI) at a 2 mL/h rate for each of two multilumen catheters placed subcutaneously at the end of the procedure (group CRI). The catheters were left in place for 24 h postoperatively. A standardized general anesthetic was administered to all patients. Postoperative morphine consumption, pain scores and painful restricted movement of the shoulder for 24 h postoperatively as well as incidence of adverse events, including postoperative nausea and vomiting, were recorded. RESULTS: Morphine consumption was similar between groups (PVB: 42.6 +/- 11 vs CRI: 38.7 +/- 11 mg in 24 h, P = 0.225). Absolute pain scores were low in both groups. Four hours after surgery, group PVB showed a significant reduction in postoperative pain (PVB: 0 [0-10] vs CRI: 0 [0-30], P = 0.002) and reduced painful restricted movement (P = 0.004), whereas the CRI group had lower pain scores (PVB: 10 [0-30] vs CRI: 0 [0-20], P = 0.034) and painful restricted movement (P = 0.043) 16 and 24 h (PVB: 10 [0-30] vs CRI: 0 [0-30], P = 0.012) after surgery. Postoperative nausea and vomiting was significantly more frequent in the CRI group (P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: Continuous wound infiltration of local anesthetics is an effective alternative to paravertebral analgesia after mastectomy with axillary dissection.