MTF performance verification of an athermalized large-aperture IR optical system for space environment.

We develop an athermalized IR optical system operating in the temperature range of 10°C-30°C in vacuum. As large defocus errors can occur in IR optical systems in such an environment, we estimate the amount of defocus induced by the thermoelastic effect, thermo-optic effect, and air-to-vacuum transition. Furthermore, we measure the modulation transfer function (MTF) performance of our IR optical system in a thermal vacuum chamber. Our athermal system design and accurate estimation of the air-to-vacuum transition effect enable the realization of a stable IR optical system for a space environment, which exhibits an MTF value greater than 18%.

Squeezing Photons into a Point-Like Space.

Confining photons in the smallest possible volume has long been an objective of the nanophotonics community. In this Letter, we propose and demonstrate a three-dimensional (3D) gap-plasmon antenna that enables extreme photon squeezing in a 3D fashion with a modal volume of 1.3 × 10(-7) λ(3) (∼4 × 10 × 10 nm(3)) and an intensity enhancement of 400 000. A three-dimensionally tapered 4 nm air-gap is formed at the center of a complementary nanodiabolo structure by ion-milling 100 nm-thick gold film along all three dimensions using proximal milling techniques. From a 4 nm-gap antenna, a nonlinear second-harmonic signal more than 27 000-times stronger than that from a 100 nm-gap antenna is observed. In addition, scanning cathodoluminescence images confirm unambiguous photon confinement in a resolution-limited area 20 × 20 nm(2) on top of the nano gap.

Plasmonic nano-comb structures for efficient large-area second harmonic generation.

We propose and demonstrate plasmonic nano-comb (PNC) structures for efficient large-area second-harmonic generation (SHG). The PNCs are made of 250 nm-thick gold film and have equally-spaced 30 nm-slits filled with ployvinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene (P(VDF-TrFE)). The PNC with 1.0 µm-spacing couples resonantly with 1.56 µm 100-fs laser beams. For the 1.0 µm-spacing PNCs under the fixed-pump-power condition, the nonlinear SHG power remains almost independent of the pump diameter ranging from 2 µm to 6 µm. The SHG power from the resonant PNC is measured to be 8 times larger than that of the single-nano-gap metallic structure, when the pump beam is tightly-focused to 2 µm in diameter in both cases. This relative enhancement of the total nonlinear SHG signal power reaches up to >200 when the pump beam diameter is increased to 6 µm. We attribute this unusual phenomenon to the resonant coupling of the finite-size pump wave with the finite-size one-dimensional plasmonic mode.