ABSTRACT
Research background: This study aims to monitor the growth of the methylotrophic bacteria Methylobacterium organophilum in a culture medium with methanol as a carbon source and to verify the production of unicellular proteins and other biomolecules, such as carotenoids, exopolysaccharides and polyhydroxyalkanoates, making them more attractive as animal feed. Experimental approach: Bacterial growth was studied in shake flasks using different carbon/nitrogen (C:N) ratios to determine their best ratio for achieving the highest volumetric productivity of cells and substrate consumption rate. This optimal parameter was further used in a fed-batch operating bioreactor system to define the kinetic profile of cell growth. Methanol consumption was measured by HPLC analysis and the extracted pigments were analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Chemical composition and rheological properties of the produced exopolysaccharides were also determined. Results and conclusions: The best experimental parameters were verified using an initial methanol concentration of 7 g/L in the culture medium. The same initial substrate concentration was used in the fed-batch operation and after 60 h of cultivation 5 g/L of biomass were obtained. The accumulation of carotenoids associated with cell growth was monitored, reaching a concentration of 1.6 mg/L at the end of the process. These pigments were then analyzed and characterized as a set of xanthophylls (oxidized carotenoids). In addition, two other product types were identified during the fed-batch operation: exopolysaccharides, which reached a concentration of 8.9 g/L at the end of the cultivation, and an intracellular granular structure that was detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), suggesting the accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), most likely polyhydroxybutyrate. Novelty and scientific contribution: Methylobacterium organophilum demonstrated a unique ability to produce compounds of commercial interest. The distinct metabolic diversity of this bacterium makes room for its use in biorefineries.
ABSTRACT
O presente Relatório Crítico surge no âmbito do Mestrado de Enfermagem à Pessoa em Situação Crítica, da Escola Superior de Saúde do Politécnico de Leiria, com o objetivo de descrever e evidenciar o desenvolvimento de competências comuns e específicas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica na área de Enfermagem à Pessoa Situação Crítica, durante os ensinos clínicos desenvolvidos (num Serviço de Urgência Médico-Cirúrgica, num serviço de Medicina Intensiva e numa Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Cardíaca). Para tal recorreu-se a uma metodologia crítico-reflexiva. No que diz respeito ao desenvolvimento de competências de investigação foi realizado um projeto de melhoria contínua dos cuidados de enfermagem, na área dos transportes inter-hospitalares. Este é considerado um período de grande instabilidade e vulnerabilidade acarretando um conjunto de riscos para a segurança da pessoa em situação crítica, sendo a implementação de checklists, uma forma prática e simples de promover a sua segurança. Dada esta realidade, foi implementado um boletim de acompanhamento num serviço de urgência médico-cirúrgica na região centro de Portugal. Este projeto tinha como objetivos: inquirir os enfermeiros de um serviço de urgência médico-cirúrgica relativamente aos transportes inter-hospitalar realizados, identificar se a existência de um boletim era considerada pelos enfermeiros do serviço como uma necessidade ou oportunidade de melhoria, adaptar e implementar um boletim de transporte inter-hospitalar e avaliar a satisfação dos enfermeiros utilizadores desse boletim. Durante dois meses foi implementado o boletim de acompanhamento no transporte inter-hospitalar, adaptado ao serviço de urgência médico-cirúrgica em questão. Foram aplicados questionários online através da plataforma Google Forms® antes, para realizar um diagnóstico da situação, e após o período de implementação do boletim, para avaliar a sua implementação. Os resultados evidenciaram que 84% dos enfermeiros eram do sexo feminino, com uma média de idades de 34 ± 6,4 anos sendo maioritariamente (88%) enfermeiros generalistas. 52% destes consideraram que os transportes inter-hospitalares não se realizavam da melhor maneira, sendo consensual (100%) que a existência de um boletim poderia facilitar o procedimento. Após o período de implementação do boletim, 85% dos enfermeiros que utilizaram o boletim consideraram que esta era uma ferramenta capaz de melhorar a segurança e a qualidade do transporte inter-hospitalar.
This Critical Report emerges within the scope of the Master's Degree in Critical Care Nursing of the School of Health of the Polytechnic of Leiria, with the purpose of describing and highlighting the development of common and specific skills of the Nurse Specialist in MedicalSurgical Nursing in the area of Critical Care Nursing during the clinical training developed (in a General Emergency Service, an Intensive Care Unit and a Cardiac Intensive Care Unit). To this end, a critical-reflective methodology was used. With regard to the development of research skills, a project for the continuous improvement of nursing care in the area of inter-hospital transport was conducted. This is considered a period of great instability and vulnerability, bringing about a set of risks to the safety of critically-ill patients, and the implementation of checklists is a practical and simple way to promote their safety. Given this reality, a follow-up checklist was implemented in a medical-surgical emergency service in the centre region of Portugal. The objectives of this project were: to survey nurses of the medical-surgical emergency service regarding the inter-hospital transports performed, identify whether the existence of a bulletin was considered by the nurses of the service as a need or opportunity for improvement, adapt an inter-hospital transport bulletin to the clinical context of this emergency service, implement the adapted inter-hospital transport bulletin in the service, and assess the satisfaction of nurses using the bulletin after its implementation. The inter-hospital transport follow-up bulletin, adapted to the medicalsurgical emergency service in question, was implemented over a two-month period. Online questionnaires were carried through using Google Forms® platform before the implementation of the bulletin, in order to make a diagnosis of the situation, and after the bulletin implementation period to assess its implementation. The results showed that 84% of the nurses were female, with an average age of 34 ± 6.4 years, and most of them (88%) were generalist nurses. 52% considered that inter-hospital transports were not performed in the best way, and there was a consensus (100%) that the existence of a bulletin could facilitate the procedure. After the bulletin implementation period, 85% of the nurses who used the bulletin considered that it was a tool capable of improving the safety and quality of inter-hospital transport.
Subject(s)
Humans , Transportation of Patients , Critical Care Nursing , Nursing CareABSTRACT
This study sought to analyze groundwater and rainwater contamination by pesticides in two municipalities (Lucas do Rio Verde and Campo Verde) of Mato Grosso state. The area is Brazil's mid-west situated among the major soybean, corn and cotton producers in the state and the country. The analytical methodology combined chromatographic techniques on groundwater and rainwater samples with eco-toxicological analyses of the impacts of contamination by pesticide on bio-indicator species. The results revealed the presence of different pesticide residues in the groundwater and rainwater samples collected in the two municipalities. In conjunction with this data, results of the eco-toxicological tests revealed the presence of anomalies in a bio-indicator species collected in one of the two study sites compatible with exposure to pesticides. The results presented and discussed here highlight the degradation of water resources in the region, caused by the intensive use of pesticides in agriculture, including the contamination of drinking water sources and rain, broadening the risk of contamination beyond the cultivated areas.
Subject(s)
Agriculture , Groundwater/chemistry , Pesticide Residues/analysis , Pesticides/analysis , Rain/chemistry , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Water Pollution, Chemical , BrazilABSTRACT
O presente trabalho objetivou analisar a contaminação de águas superficiais e de chuvas por agrotóxicos em dois municípios do estado do Mato Grosso, Lucas do Rio Verde e Campo Verde, situados entre os maiores produtores de soja, milho e algodão do estado e do país. A metodologia analítica combinou o uso de técnicas cromatográficas em amostras de água superficial e de chuva com análises ecotoxicológicas do impacto da contaminação por agrotóxicos sobre espécies bioindicadoras. Resultados das análises mostraram a presença de resíduos de diferentes agrotóxicos nas amostras de águas superficiais e de chuva coletadas nos dois municípios. Associados a estes dados, resultados das análises ecotoxicológicas mostraram a presença de anomalias em uma espécie de anfíbio anuro coletado em uma das duas localidades, compatíveis com exposição a agrotóxicos. Os resultados aqui apresentados e discutidos apontam para a degradação da qualidade de recursos hídricos da região, causada pelo uso intensivo de agrotóxicos na agricultura, incluindo fontes de água de consumo humano e de chuvas, amplificando o risco de contaminação para além das áreas de plantio.
This study sought to analyze groundwater and rainwater contamination by pesticides in two municipalities (Lucas do Rio Verde and Campo Verde) of Mato Grosso state. The area is Brazil's mid-west situated among the major soybean, corn and cotton producers in the state and the country. The analytical methodology combined chromatographic techniques on groundwater and rainwater samples with eco-toxicological analyses of the impacts of contamination by pesticide on bio-indicator species. The results revealed the presence of different pesticide residues in the groundwater and rainwater samples collected in the two municipalities. In conjunction with this data, results of the eco-toxicological tests revealed the presence of anomalies in a bio-indicator species collected in one of the two study sites compatible with exposure to pesticides. The results presented and discussed here highlight the degradation of water resources in the region, caused by the intensive use of pesticides in agriculture, including the contamination of drinking water sources and rain, broadening the risk of contamination beyond the cultivated areas.
