Towards Room Temperature Thermochromic Coatings with controllable NIR-IR modulation for solar heat management & smart windows applications.

Solar heat management & green air-conditioning are among the major technologies that could mitigate heat islands phenomenon while minimizing significantly the CO2 global foot-print within the building & automotive sectors. Chromogenic materials in general, and thermochromic smart coatings especially are promising candidates that consent a noteworthy dynamic solar radiation Infrared (NIR-IR) regulation and hence an efficient solar heat management especially with the expected increase of the global seasonal temperature. Within this contribution, two major challenging bottlenecks in vanadium oxide based smart coatings were addressed. It is validated for the first time that the NIR-IR modulation of the optical transmission (∆TTRANS = T(T〈TMIT) - T(T〉TMIT) of Vanadium oxide based smart coatings can be controlled & tuned. This upmost challenging bottle-neck controllability/tunability is confirmed via a genuine approach alongside to a simultaneous drastic reduction of the phase transition temperature TMIT from 68.8 °C to nearly room temperature. More precisely, a substantial thermochromism in multilayered V2O5/V/V2O5 stacks equivalent to that of standard pure VO2 thin films but with a far lower transition temperature, is reported. Such a multilayered V2O5/V/V2O5 thermochromic system exhibited a net control & tunability of the optical transmission modulation in the NIR-IR (∆TTRANS) via the nano-scaled thickness' control of the intermediate Vanadium layer. In addition, the control of ∆TTRANS is accompanied by a tremendous diminution of the thermochromic transition temperature from the elevated bulk value of 68.8 °C to the range of 27.5-37.5 ºC. The observed remarkable and reversible thermochromism in such multilayered nano-scaled system of V2O5/V/V2O5 is likely to be ascribed to a noteworthy interfacial diffusion, and an indirect doping by alkaline ions diffusing from the borosilicate substrate. It is hoped that the current findings would contribute in advancing thermochromic smart window technology and their applications for solar heat management in glass windows in general, skyscraper especially & in the automotive industry. If so, this would open a path to a sustainable green air-conditioning with zero-energy input.

Exploring the impact of intensified multiple session tDCS over the left DLPFC on brain function in MCI: a randomized control trial.

Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with cognitive training (tDCS-cog) represents a promising approach to combat cognitive decline among healthy older adults and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In this 5-day-long double-blinded randomized trial, we investigated the impact of intensified tDCS-cog protocol involving two trains of stimulation per day on working memory (WM) enhancement in 35 amnestic and multidomain amnestic MCI patients. Specifically, we focused to improve WM tasks relying on top-down attentional control and hypothesized that intensified tDCS would enhance performance of visual object matching task (VOMT) immediately after the stimulation regimen and at a 1-month follow-up. Secondarily, we explored whether the stimulation would augment online visual working memory training. Using fMRI, we aimed to elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying the intervention effects by analyzing BOLD activations during VOMT. Our main finding revealed no superior after-effects of tDCS-cog over the sham on VOMT among individuals with MCI as indicated by insignificant immediate and long-lasting after-effects. Additionally, the tDCS-cog did not enhance online training as predicted. The fMRI analysis revealed brain activity alterations in right insula that may be linked to tDCS-cog intervention. In the study we discuss the insignificant behavioral results in the context of the current evidence in tDCS parameter space and opening the discussion of possible interference between trained cognitive tasks.

Direct comparison of isobaric and isochoric vitrification of two aqueous solutions with photon counting X-ray computed tomography.

Vitrification is a promising approach for ice-free cryopreservation of biological material, but progress is hindered by the limited set of experimental tools for studying processes in the interior of the vitrified matter. Isochoric cryopreservation chambers are often metallic, and their opacity prevents direct visual observation. In this study, we introduce photon counting X-ray computed tomography (CT) to compare the effects of rigid isochoric and unconfined isobaric conditions on vitrification and ice formation during cooling of two aqueous solutions: 50 wt% DMSO and a coral vitrification solution, CVS1. Previous studies have only compared vitrification in isochoric systems with isobaric systems that have an exposed air-liquid interface. We use a movable piston to replicate the surface and thermal boundary conditions of the isochoric system yet maintain isobaric conditions. When controlling for the boundary conditions we find that similar ice and vapor volume fractions form during cooling in isochoric and isobaric conditions. Interestingly, we observe distinct ice and vapor cavity morphology in the isochoric systems, possibly due to vapor outgassing or cavitation as rapid cooling causes the pressure to drop in the confined systems. These observations highlight the array of thermal-fluid processes that occur during vitrification in confined aqueous systems and motivate the further application of imaging techniques such as photon counting X-ray CT in fundamental studies of vitrification.

Impact of Anti-CD20 therapies on the immune homeostasis of gastrointestinal mucosa and their relationship with de novo intestinal bowel disease in multiple sclerosis: a review.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are autoimmune disorders characterized by inflammatory episodes affecting the brain and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, respectively. The frequent association between MS and IBD suggests that both conditions may share common pathogenic mechanisms. However, different responses to biological therapies indicate differences in immune mechanisms of inflammation. Anti-CD20 therapies are high efficacy treatments increasingly used to control inflammatory bursts in MS, but they may alter GI homeostasis and promote the development of bowel inflammation in susceptible individuals. This review analyzes the mechanistic association between immunity in MS and IBD, the effect of anti-CD20 therapies on the gut microenvironment, and provides recommendations for early detection and management of GI toxicities in the context of B-cell depletion in MS patients.

Oral Lesions in Patients With Psoriasis: Prevalence and Association With Its Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics. / Manifestaciones orales en pacientes con psoriasis. Prevalencia y asociación con sus características clínicas y epidemiológicas.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Psoriasis is a multisystem disease associated with an increased prevalence of oral lesions. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral lesions in patients with psoriasis and examine associations with clinical and patient characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients with psoriasis and healthy controls seen between December 2019 and February 2020. We recorded biometric data, comorbidities associated with psoriasis, oral examination findings, and clinical characteristics of psoriasis. RESULTS: We studied 100 patients with psoriasis and 100 controls. Oral lesions were more common in the psoriasis group (74% vs 46%, P<.001). The most common lesions were fissured tongue (39% vs 16%, P<.001) and periodontitis (28% vs 16%, P=.04). Geographic tongue was uncommon in both the study and the control group (4% vs 2%, P=.68). In the psoriasis group, patients with fissured tongue had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (23.1% vs 4.9%), diabetes mellitus (28.2% vs 8.2%), and psoriatic arthritis (15.4% vs 1.6%) than those without this condition. Periodontitis was also associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (28.6% vs 5.6%). Type of psoriasis, location, and time since onset were not significantly associated with oral lesions. Patients with oral lesions, however, had more severe disease (Psoriasis Area Severity Index [PASI], 3.9 vs 2.4; P=.05). Mean PASI was also higher in patients with fissured tongue (4.7 vs. 2.7, P=.03) and periodontitis (5.1 vs. 2.9, P=.04). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of oral lesions, especially fissured tongue and periodontitis, is higher in patients with psoriasis than in healthy controls. Oral lesions were associated with more severe psoriasis and a higher prevalence of associated comorbidities. We recommend examining the oral cavity of patients with psoriasis, especially those with more severe disease and comorbidities, irrespective of type of psoriasis, location, or time since onset.

Manifestaciones orales en pacientes con psoriasis. Prevalencia y asociación con sus características clínicas y epidemiológicas / Oral Lesions in Patients With Psoriasis: Prevalence and Association With Its Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics

Antecedentes y objetivo: La psoriasis es una enfermedad con una gran implicación sistémica en la que se ha descrito una mayor prevalencia de alteraciones de la mucosa oral. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de alteraciones orales en pacientes con psoriasis y su asociación con las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de la enfermedad. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, incluyendo pacientes con psoriasis y voluntarios sanos entre diciembre de 2019 y febrero de 2020. Se recogieron datos biométricos, comorbilidades asociadas y alteraciones orales detectadas en la exploración física. Además, en los pacientes con psoriasis se registraron las características clínicas de la enfermedad. Resultados: Se incluyeron 100 pacientes con psoriasis y 100 controles. Los pacientes con psoriasis presentaron una mayor prevalencia de alteraciones de la mucosa oral respecto al grupo control (74% frente a 46%, p<0,001), destacando una mayor prevalencia de lengua fisurada (LF) (39% frente a 16%, p<0,001) y periodontitis (28% frente a 16%, p=0,04). La lengua geográfica resultó poco frecuente en ambos grupos (4% frente a 2%, p=0,68). Dentro del grupo con psoriasis, los pacientes con LF presentaron mayor prevalencia de enfermedad cardiovascular (23,1% frente a 4,9%), diabetes mellitus (28,2% frente a 8,2%) y artritis psoriásica (15,4% frente a 1,6%) que aquellos sin LF. Los pacientes con periodontitis presentaron también mayor frecuencia de enfermedad cardiovascular (28,6% frente a 5,6%). La forma, la localización y el tiempo de evolución de la psoriasis no se relacionaron con más alteraciones orales. Sin embargo, los pacientes con alteraciones orales presentaron valores medios de la escala PASI (índice de severidad del área de psoriasis) más elevados (3,9 frente a 2,4, p=0,05). Los pacientes con LF presentaron un PASI más elevado que aquellos sin LF (4,7 frente a 2,7, p=0,03) (AU)

Background and objective: Psoriasis is a multisystem disease associated with an increased prevalence of oral lesions. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral lesions in patients with psoriasis and examine associations with clinical and patient characteristics. Material and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients with psoriasis and healthy controls seen between December 2019 and February 2020. We recorded biometric data, comorbidities associated with psoriasis, oral examination findings, and clinical characteristics of psoriasis. Results: We studied 100 patients with psoriasis and 100 controls. Oral lesions were more common in the psoriasis group (74% vs 46%, P<.001). The most common lesions were fissured tongue (39% vs 16%, P<.001) and periodontitis (28% vs 16%, P=.04). Geographic tongue was uncommon in both the study and the control group (4% vs 2%, P=.68). In the psoriasis group, patients with fissured tongue had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (23.1% vs 4.9%), diabetes mellitus (28.2% vs 8.2%), and psoriatic arthritis (15.4% vs 1.6%) than those without this condition. Periodontitis was also associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (28.6% vs 5.6%). Type of psoriasis, location, and time since onset were not significantly associated with oral lesions. Patients with oral lesions, however, had more severe disease (Psoriasis Area Severity Index [PASI], 3.9 vs 2.4; P=.05). Mean PASI was also higher in patients with fissured tongue (4.7 vs. 2.7, P=.03) and periodontitis (5.1 vs. 2.9, P=.04). (AU)

[Translated article] Oral Lesions in Patients With Psoriasis: Prevalence and Association With Its Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics / Manifestaciones orales en pacientes con psoriasis. Prevalencia y asociación con sus características clínicas y epidemiológicas

Background and objective: Psoriasis is a multisystem disease associated with an increased prevalence of oral lesions. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of oral lesions in patients with psoriasis and examine associations with clinical and patient characteristics. Material and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients with psoriasis and healthy controls seen between December 2019 and February 2020. We recorded biometric data, comorbidities associated with psoriasis, oral examination findings, and clinical characteristics of psoriasis. Results: We studied 100 patients with psoriasis and 100 controls. Oral lesions were more common in the psoriasis group (74% vs 46%, P<.001). The most common lesions were fissured tongue (39% vs 16%, P<.001) and periodontitis (28% vs 16%, P=.04). Geographic tongue was uncommon in both the study and the control group (4% vs 2%, P=.68). In the psoriasis group, patients with fissured tongue had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (23.1% vs 4.9%), diabetes mellitus (28.2% vs 8.2%), and psoriatic arthritis (15.4% vs 1.6%) than those without this condition. Periodontitis was also associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (28.6% vs 5.6%). Type of psoriasis, location, and time since onset were not significantly associated with oral lesions. Patients with oral lesions, however, had more severe disease (Psoriasis Area Severity Index [PASI], 3.9 vs 2.4; P=.05). Mean PASI was also higher in patients with fissured tongue (4.7 vs. 2.7, P=.03) and periodontitis (5.1 vs. 2.9, P=.04). (AU)

Antecedentes y objetivo: La psoriasis es una enfermedad con una gran implicación sistémica en la que se ha descrito una mayor prevalencia de alteraciones de la mucosa oral. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de alteraciones orales en pacientes con psoriasis y su asociación con las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de la enfermedad. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, incluyendo pacientes con psoriasis y voluntarios sanos entre diciembre de 2019 y febrero de 2020. Se recogieron datos biométricos, comorbilidades asociadas y alteraciones orales detectadas en la exploración física. Además, en los pacientes con psoriasis se registraron las características clínicas de la enfermedad. Resultados: Se incluyeron 100 pacientes con psoriasis y 100 controles. Los pacientes con psoriasis presentaron una mayor prevalencia de alteraciones de la mucosa oral respecto al grupo control (74% frente a 46%, p<0,001), destacando una mayor prevalencia de lengua fisurada (LF) (39% frente a 16%, p<0,001) y periodontitis (28% frente a 16%, p=0,04). La lengua geográfica resultó poco frecuente en ambos grupos (4% frente a 2%, p=0,68). Dentro del grupo con psoriasis, los pacientes con LF presentaron mayor prevalencia de enfermedad cardiovascular (23,1% frente a 4,9%), diabetes mellitus (28,2% frente a 8,2%) y artritis psoriásica (15,4% frente a 1,6%) que aquellos sin LF. Los pacientes con periodontitis presentaron también mayor frecuencia de enfermedad cardiovascular (28,6% frente a 5,6%). La forma, la localización y el tiempo de evolución de la psoriasis no se relacionaron con más alteraciones orales. Sin embargo, los pacientes con alteraciones orales presentaron valores medios de la escala PASI (índice de severidad del área de psoriasis) más elevados (3,9 frente a 2,4, p=0,05). Los pacientes con LF presentaron un PASI más elevado que aquellos sin LF (4,7 frente a 2,7, p=0,03) (AU)

VO2-based active tunable emittance thermochromic flexible coatings.

This contribution reports, for what we believe is the first time, on VO2-based thin-film coatings on flexible Al substrates exhibiting a tunable positive emittance-switching Δε=(εH-εL)>0. More precisely, a layered stack of a-Si:H/SiO2/VO2 on flexible Al sheets presents minimum and maximum values of emissivity of about 0.18 and 0.57 at 40ºC and 83ºC, respectively, and hence allows an emittance-switching Δε of 0.39 and a relative variation Δε/ÎµΛ of ∼217%. Such variations fit with the potential applications of such coatings as smart radiation devices in small satellites and spacecraft.

RADIATION PROTECTION MEASURES TAKEN DURING REPATRIATION OF SEALED HIGH ACTIVITY RADIOACTIVE SOURCES IN CAMEROON.

Operational measures taken for the repatriation of Alcyon II 60Co Teletherapy head and El Dorado 6 60Co Teletherapy devices located in Yaounde and Douala respectively are reported. Operations carried out have permit to store Alcyon head in the CC 33 container and to transfer 60Co source from El Dorado 6 device to YKT1B container. These containers are approved as Type B package for securely transport. Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters had been distributed to all involved persons to estimate the received effective dose during operations. It appears by the present study that, the most received individual effective dose is 130 µSv during the whole process.

Fermentation and purification strategies for the production of betulinic acid and its lupane-type precursors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Microbial production of plant derived, biologically active compounds has the potential to provide economic and ecologic alternatives to existing low productive, plant-based processes. Current production of the pharmacologically active cyclic triterpenoid betulinic acid is realized by extraction from the bark of plane tree or birch. Here, we reengineered the reported betulinic acid pathway into Saccharomyces cerevisiae and used this novel strain to develop efficient fermentation and product purification methods. Fed-batch cultivations with ethanol excess, using either an ethanol-pulse feed or controlling a constant ethanol concentration in the fermentation medium, significantly enhanced production of betulinic acid and its triterpenoid precursors. The beneficial effect of excess ethanol was further exploited in nitrogen-limited resting cell fermentations, yielding betulinic acid concentrations of 182 mg/L, and total triterpenoid concentrations of 854 mg/L, the highest concentrations reported so far. Purification of lupane-type triterpenoids with high selectivity and yield was achieved by solid-liquid extraction without prior cell disruption using polar aprotic solvents such as acetone or ethyl acetate and subsequent precipitation with strong acids. This study highlights the potential of microbial production of plant derived triterpenoids in S. cerevisiae by combining metabolic and process engineering.

Glucose-based microbial production of the hormone melatonin in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Melatonin is a natural mammalian hormone that plays an important role in regulating the circadian cycle in humans. It is a clinically effective drug exhibiting positive effects as a sleep aid and a powerful antioxidant used as a dietary supplement. Commercial melatonin production is predominantly performed by complex chemical synthesis. In this study, we demonstrate microbial production of melatonin and related compounds, such as serotonin and N-acetylserotonin. We generated Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that comprise heterologous genes encoding one or more variants of an L-tryptophan hydroxylase, a 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan decarboxylase, a serotonin acetyltransferase, an acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase, and means for providing the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin via heterologous biosynthesis and recycling pathways. We thereby achieved de novo melatonin biosynthesis from glucose. We furthermore accomplished increased product titers by altering expression levels of selected pathway enzymes and boosting co-factor supply. The final yeast strain produced melatonin at a titer of 14.50 ± 0.57 mg L(-1) in a 76h fermentation using simulated fed-batch medium with glucose as sole carbon source. Our study lays the basis for further developing a yeast cell factory for biological production of melatonin.

Erythrocyte shape classification using integral-geometry-based methods.

Erythrocyte shape deformations are related to different important illnesses. In this paper, we focus on one of the most important: the Sickle cell disease. This disease causes the hardening or polymerization of the hemoglobin that contains the erythrocytes. The study of this process using digital images of peripheral blood smears can offer useful results in the clinical diagnosis of these illnesses. In particular, it would be very valuable to find a rapid and reproducible automatic classification method to quantify the number of deformed cells and so gauge the severity of the illness. In this paper, we show the good results obtained in the automatic classification of erythrocytes in normal cells, sickle cells, and cells with other deformations, when we use a set of functions based on integral-geometry methods, an active contour-based segmentation method, and a k-NN classification algorithm. Blood specimens were obtained from patients with Sickle cell disease. Seventeen peripheral blood smears were obtained for the study, and 45 images of different fields were obtained. A specialist selected the cells to use, determining those cells which were normal, elongated, and with other deformations present in the images. A process of automatic classification, with cross-validation of errors with the proposed descriptors and with other two functions used in previous studies, was realized.

Consumer behaviour and environmental education in the field of waste electrical and electronic toys: a Spanish case study.

This paper reports on a project focused on obtaining the current consumption and disposal habits of electrical and electronic toys from a survey aimed at parents of children of nine pre- and primary schools. In addition, it is also focused on identifying the most effective way of transmitting environmental information to parents and children to promote the collection of electrical and electronic toys at their end-of-life. The study was implemented in a Spanish municipality. With regard to the consumption habits, aspects related to the amount of toys that children receive annually and percentage of those which are electrical and electronic toys have been obtained and classified according to the family size. Results from Chi-squared analysis and Ordinal Logistic Regression show that there is a statistically significance relationship among these variables. Regarding disposal habits, aspects related to the reasons and way for discarding electrical and electronic toys, time that toys are kept at home or the willingness to rent or buy second hand e-toys have been obtained. What really attracts attention is that, apart from consumers who donate the toy to family or social associations, 67.1% of consumers discard them along with other waste fractions in domestic bins, whereas only 32.9% do so at recycling points, as Directive 2012/19/EU requires. To increase this percentage, three environmental education actions (distinguishing from each other by the way used to transmit the environmental information: paper, audiovisual or personal communication) have been designed, applied and evaluated their efficiency according to the amount of waste toys collected.

Attitude towards the incorporation of the selective collection of biowaste in a municipal solid waste management system. A case study.

European waste legislation has been encouraging for years the incorporation of selective collection systems for the biowaste fraction. European countries are therefore incorporating it into their current municipal solid waste management (MSWM) systems. However, this incorporation involves changes in the current waste management habits of households. In this paper, the attitude of the public towards the incorporation of selective collection of biowaste into an existing MSWM system in a Spanish municipality is analysed. A semi-structured telephone interview was used to obtain information regarding aspects such as: level of participation in current waste collection systems, willingness to participate in selective collection of biowaste, reasons and barriers that affect participation, willingness to pay for the incorporation of the selective collection of biowaste and the socioeconomic characteristics of citizens who are willing to participate and pay for selective collection of biowaste. The results showed that approximately 81% of the respondents were willing to participate in selective collection of biowaste. This percentage would increase until 89% if the Town Council provided specific waste bins and bags, since the main barrier to participate in the new selective collection system is the need to use specific waste bin and bags for the separation of biowaste. A logit response model was applied to estimate the average willingness to pay, obtaining an estimated mean of 7.5% on top of the current waste management annual tax. The relationship of willingness to participate and willingness to pay for the implementation of this new selective collection with the socioeconomic variables (age, gender, size of the household, work, education and income) was analysed. Chi-square independence tests and binary logistic regression was used for willingness to participate, not being obtained any significant relationship. Chi-square independence tests, ordinal logistic regression and ordinary linear regression was applied for willingness to pay, obtaining statistically significant relationship for most of the socioeconomic variables.

²³8U, ²³5U, ¹³7Cs and ¹³³Xe in soils from two campuses in University of Douala-Cameroon.

An evaluation of (238)U, (235)U, (137)Cs and (133)Xe in soils from two campuses in University of Douala-Cameroon using gamma spectroscopy based Broad Energy Germanium Detector (BEGe6530) has been performed. The mean activities in soils from Campuse 1 were 40.16 ± 8.98 Bq/kg for (238)U, 3.39 ± 0.33 Bq/kg for (235)U, 0.46 ± 0.33 Bq/kg for (137)Cs and 0.14 ± 0.16 Bq/kg for (133)Xe. In Campus 2, the mean activities in soils were 31.45 ± 12.24Bq/kg, 3.02 ± 1.00 Bq/kg, 0.30 ± 0.26 Bq/kg and 0.35 ± 0.24 Bq/kg for (238)U, (235)U, (137)Cs and (133)Xe, respectively. Using the in situ survey meter, the mean values of the absorbed dose rate measured was 71.43 nGy/h for Campus 1 and 62.72 nGy/h for Campus 2. The evaluated average outdoor effective dose for Campus 1 and 2 were 87.60 µSv/yr and 76.93 µSv/yr, respectively. The overall results obtained in this work were generally low compared to that of UNSCEAR.

[Prenatal diagnosis and evolution of patent urachus]. / Diagnostic et évolution prénatale de l'ouraque perméable: à propos d'un cas.

Prenatal ultrasonographic features of patent urachus consist in anechoic proximal cord cyst communicating with the bladder associated with large umbilicus. Distinction should be made with omphalocele and bladder extrophy. Spontaneous evolution leads to rupture during mid-trimester and bladder protrusion. Karyotyping is not mandatory in isolated typical cases. Early postnatal surgery is usually required.

Methadone maintenance therapy decreases the rate of antiretroviral therapy discontinuation among HIV-positive illicit drug users.

We sought to examine whether methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) decreased rates of antiretroviral therapy (ART) discontinuation and was associated with plasma HIV RNA responses among a cohort of illicit drug users. Cumulative ART discontinuation rates were estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods and factors independently associated with ART discontinuation were identified using Cox proportional hazards regression. Engagement in MMT was negatively and independently associated with ART discontinuation [Adjusted Relative Hazard = 0.67 (95 % CI 0.54-0.83); p < 0.001]. Among participants receiving ART and MMT, 81.6 % of plasma HIV-1 RNA assessments were <500 copies/mL, while 65.81 % of HIV-1 RNA assessments among those prescribed ART without MMT were <500 copies/mL (p < 0.001). These results demonstrate that engagement in MMT conferred a protective benefit against ART discontinuation and was associated with a significant increase in plasma HIV RNA suppression among HIV-infected opioid-dependent drug users.

Una revisión sobre la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo / No disponible

La incontinencia urinaria, contemplada como enfermedad por la OMS desde 1998, es considerada una consecuencia de la alteración de la fase de llenado vesical que ocurre en diversas enfermedades. En España se ha calculado una prevalencia cercana al 10% en mujeres de entre 25 y 64 años, siendo mayor del 50% en mujeres mayores de 65 años. Con este trabajo pretendemos realizar una revisión de las publicaciones enfermeras sobre la incontinencia urinaria en la mujer desde la perspectiva de una consulta externa de patología de suelo pélvico. Tipo de estudio: revisión de la literatura. Se sintetizó la información obtenida sobre la incontinencia urinaria en la mujer. Conclusiones: las mujeres viven de forma muy diferente la incontinencia urinaria, desde un proceso normal hasta algo que repercute seriamente en su calidad de vida, con repercusiones sociales, laborales, familiares y emocionales. Queda demostrada la eficacia de los programas de educación sanitaria (AU)

Urinary incontinence, as provided by WHO disease since 1998, is considered a consequence of the alteration of bladder filling phase that occurs in various diseases. In Spain it is estimated a prevalence of about 10% in women between 25 and 64 years, with more than 50%in women over 65 years. In this paper we conduct a literature review nurses on urinary incontinence in women from the perspective of an outpatient pelvic floor disorders. Type of study: literature review. We synthesized information obtained on urinary incontinence in women. Conclusions: Women live very differently urinary incontinence from a normal process to something that seriously affects their quality of life, social, work, family and emotional. It is demonstrated the effectiveness of health education programs (AU)

[Recent portal and mesenteric venous thrombosis associated with Fusobacterium bacteremia]. / Thrombose veineuse mésentérico-porte aiguë associée à une septicémie àFusobacterium necrophorum.

SUMMARY: Septic pylephlebitis is usually a complication of intraabdominal infection in the region drained by the portal venous system. We report two cases of portal and mesenteric venous thrombosis associated with Fusobacterium necrophorum bacteremia, which did not show any obvious intra-abdominal source of infection with noninvasive imaging procedures. In one case, early anticoagulation treatment was associated with repermeation of the portal vein and its right branch. As in Bacteroides bacteremia, portal and/or mesenteric venous thrombosis should be searched for in case of Fusobacterium bacteremia of unknown origin. Repermeation of the portal vein and relief of extrahepatic portal hypertension can be achieved in these cases with early anticoagulation.