ABSTRACT
We report a case of nipple adenoma incidentally found in a mastectomy specimen, and describe its unique histological appearance and the immunohistochemical distribution of Ki-67 positive tumor cells. A 45-year-old woman with no symptoms or sign related to the nipple had a left mastectomy for invasive breast cancer. A small nipple adenoma, 7 mm in size, was incidentally recognized in the nipple of the resected breast. Histologically, the tumor in the nipple was composed of numerous proliferative ducts with a tubular and florid papillomatous appearance. Many demarcations between squamous cells of the epidermis and tumor cells were recognized in the summit as well as the lateral wall of the nipple. A high Ki-67 labeling index (20.3%) was recognized in the tumor cells in the superficial region, and a low labeling index (0.7%) was seen in the deeper region of the tumor. Based on these proliferative patterns, the symptoms and clinical signs related to the nipple that are often found in patients with nipple adenoma are thought to be associated with the destruction of the epidermis of the nipple by the invasion of benign tumor cells with high proliferative activity.
Subject(s)
Adenoma/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Mastectomy , Nipples/pathology , Cell Proliferation , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Incidental Findings , Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Gynecomastia is a benign proliferative lesion caused by various etiological factors and may result from a relative imbalance between serum estrogen and androgen levels. The histological alterations are similar, and gynecomastia can progress from a florid type to a fibrous type. The Ki-67 labeling index (LI) of gynecomastia specimen was investigated and higher Ki-67 LI was observed in florid and intermediate than in fibrous gynecomastia (P = 0.017). A correlation was found between the duration of disease and Ki-67 LI (P = 0.041): the shorter the duration the higher the Ki-67 LI. Thus, Ki-67 LI seems a useful tool to examine proliferation activity of gynecomastia and can assist in determination of appropriate treatment of gynecomastia with hormonal therapy.
Subject(s)
Breast/metabolism , Gynecomastia/metabolism , Immunoenzyme Techniques/methods , Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Breast/pathology , Cell Proliferation , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect , Gynecomastia/pathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism , Receptors, Progesterone/metabolismABSTRACT
In order to confirm the role of 14-3-3 sigma (sigma) as a tumor suppressor in breast carcinogenesis, we have studied the expression of 14-3-3sigma immunohistochemically in usual ductal hyperplasia (UDH), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) breast lesions. Immunostaining for estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha), p53 and estrogen-responsive RING finger protein (Efp) was also carried out. Immunohistochemically, expression of 14-3-3sigma was seen in 92% UDH lesions and gradually decreased from 65% in DCIS to 23% in IDC. The expression of ERalpha decreased gradually from UDH to DCIS to IDC, while p53 showed an inverse staining pattern to that of ERalpha. The expression of Efp showed no significant difference among the three breast lesions. Hence, the present immunohistochemical study confirmed 14-3-3sigma as a tumor suppressor in breast carcinogenesis. A similar immunohistochemical analysis was then carried out on columnar cell hyperplasia with atypia (CCHA), in which the expression pattern of tumor suppressor 14-3-3sigma, ERalpha and p53 suggested that it might be possible that CCHA is a precancerous lesion.
