Exploring the relationship between depression and delinquency: a sibling comparison design using the NLSY.

Relative to the general population, adolescents with psychiatric disorders such as major depression disorder are incarcerated (and reincarcerated) at higher rates. Current research is mixed on whether this association is a cause, consequence, or the product of selection. For example, aggression can lead to more depressive symptoms, yet depression is associated with antisocial behaviors (e.g., delinquency). To better understand the relationship between depression and delinquent behavior, we used the discordant kinship model to examine data from sibling pairs in the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth 1979, a nationally representative study. By explicitly modeling within- and between-family variance, we reduced the influence of genetic and shared-environmental confounds on our analysis. Our results suggest that the relationship between depression and delinquency is not causal, but rather a product of selection.

Data Science in the Food Industry.

Food safety is one of the main challenges of the agri-food industry that is expected to be addressed in the current environment of tremendous technological progress, where consumers' lifestyles and preferences are in a constant state of flux. Food chain transparency and trust are drivers for food integrity control and for improvements in efficiency and economic growth. Similarly, the circular economy has great potential to reduce wastage and improve the efficiency of operations in multi-stakeholder ecosystems. Throughout the food chain cycle, all food commodities are exposed to multiple hazards, resulting in a high likelihood of contamination. Such biological or chemical hazards may be naturally present at any stage of food production, whether accidentally introduced or fraudulently imposed, risking consumers' health and their faith in the food industry. Nowadays, a massive amount of data is generated, not only from the next generation of food safety monitoring systems and along the entire food chain (primary production included) but also from the Internet of things, media, and other devices. These data should be used for the benefit of society, and the scientific field of data science should be a vital player in helping to make this possible.

Precision of scoring radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei by unexperienced scorers.

Purpose: Dose assessment plays an important role in case of radiological accidents and can be performed by scoring structural changes of chromosome morphology induced in cells by ionizing radiation. The results of such a test are biased by scorer experience, therefore, simple to learn assays are recommended to be used when fast analysis of a large amount of data is needed. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of two radiobiological assays - chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei - by unexperienced scorers with the reference values generated by an expert. Materials and methods: Each participant of an EU-funded two-week radiobiology course was asked to score Chinese hamster ovary cells exposed to gamma radiation up to 4 Gy. The congruence of students' and expert's scores at each dose and the coherence of the dose-response curve parameters between the students were investigated. Results: Micronucleus test tended to be faster and easier to learn than scoring chromosomal aberrations. However, both assays carried out by inexperienced students showed reasonable dose-response curves. Conclusions: In the case of a large radiological accident involving many casualties, the unexperienced scorers would support the process of biodosimetric triage by cytogenetic biological dosimetry.

Successful Treatment of Osteosarcoma Without Methotrexate in a 13-Year-Old Boy With Down Syndrome.

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor in children, and only 1 article in the literature describes a case of osteosarcoma in a patient with Down syndrome. Although osteosarcoma is generally treated with chemotherapy regimens that include high-dose methotrexate, patients with Down syndrome have heightened sensitivity to the toxicities of methotrexate. The patient from the aforementioned case study died from sepsis soon after treatment with high-dose methotrexate. This case report describes the successful treatment of osteosarcoma in a pediatric patient with Down syndrome without methotrexate.

Preterm premature rupture of the membranes is associated with a reduction in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of preterm premature rupture of the membranes on the frequency of respiratory distress syndrome among singleton pregnancies that are complicated with preterm delivery. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective analysis of singleton pregnancies that were delivered between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation. Patients were categorized on the basis of membrane integrity into two groups: ruptured versus intact. All patients received prophylactic antibiotics and a single course of antenatal betamethasone. Data were analyzed with the Student t test, the chi(2) test, and the Fisher exact test. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the effect of possible confounding variables that were considered risk factors for respiratory distress syndrome. Probability values of <.05 for all two-tailed tests were considered significant. RESULTS: A total of 366 patients were included (99 patients in the preterm premature rupture of the membranes group and 267 patients in the intact membranes group). Patients were delivered at 30.7 +/- 2.9 and 30.1 +/- 2.7 (mean +/- SD) weeks of gestation, with birth weights of 1620 +/- 594 and 1417 +/- 501 g, respectively. The frequency of respiratory distress syndrome in the neonate was significantly lower in the preterm premature rupture of the membranes group than in their intact counterparts (17% vs 39%, P <.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed that preterm premature rupture of the membranes (odds ratio, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.08-0.34) was independently associated with a reduction in the frequency of respiratory distress syndrome. CONCLUSION: In the clinical setting of delivery before 34 weeks of gestation, preterm premature rupture of the membranes is associated with a significant decrease in the frequency of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.