ABSTRACT
Minerals and trace elements play vital role in the biological functions for all organisms including human and other mammals. Therefore, imbalance in the mineral and/or trace element levels may cause formation of several diseases including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry) is described as the most sensitive and accurate method. Here we reported an effective and fast protocol as method validation to evaluate trace element and minerals via ICP-MS in the mammalian tissue and serum samples. Our data showed that minimum relative standard deviation (RSD) values with the ICP-MS were observed when we used microwave digestion with the SUPRAPUR® grade nitric acid at the lower dilution rates. Our protocol validation may help researchers to measure trace elements and minerals in the mammalian samples fast, easily and accurately. EMSURE® grade HNO3 caused cross contamination in the serum and tissue samples. Our protocol validation may help researchers to measure trace elements and minerals in the mammalian samples fast, easily and accurately.
ABSTRACT
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used synthetic polymer in the industry. DEHP may induce reproductive and developmental toxicity, obesity, carcinogenesis and cause abnormal endocrine function in both human and wildlife. The aim of this study was to investigate trace element and mineral levels in relation of kidney and liver damage in DEHP-administered rats. Therefore, prepubertal male rats were dosed with 0, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day of DEHP. At the end of the experiment, trace element and mineral levels, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activities were evaluated in the serum, liver, and kidney samples of rats. Furthermore, serum clinical biochemistry parameters, organ/body weight ratios and histological changes were investigated to evaluate impact of DEHP more detailed. Our data indicated that sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), lithium (Li), rubidium (Rb) and cesium (Cs) levels significantly decreased, however iron (Fe) and selenium (Se) concentrations significantly increased in DEHP-administered groups compared to the control in the serum samples. On the other hand, upon DEHP administration, selenium concentration, G6PD and GR activities were significantly elevated, however 6-PGD activity significantly decreased compared to the control group in the kidney samples. Decreased G6PD activity was the only significant change between anti-oxidant enzyme activities in the liver samples. Upon DEHP administration, aberrant serum biochemical parameters have arisen and abnormal histological changes were observed in the kidney and liver tissue. In conclusion, DEHP may induce liver and kidney damage, also result abnormalities in the trace element and mineral levels.
