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1.
Sci Total Environ ; 499: 74-88, 2014 Nov 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25173864

ABSTRACT

The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP) accident occurred on April 26 of 1986, it is still an episode of interest, due to the large amount of radionuclides dispersed in the atmosphere. Caesium-137 ((137)Cs) is one of the main radionuclides emitted during the Chernobyl accident, with a half-life of 30years, which can be accumulated in humans and animals, and for this reason the impacts on population are still monitored today. One of the main parameters in order to estimate the exposure of population to (137)Cs is the concentration in the air, during the days after the accident, and the deposition at surface. The transport and deposition of (137)Cs over Europe occurred after the CNPP accident has been simulated using the WRF-HYSPLIT modeling system. Four different vertical and temporal emission rate profiles have been simulated, as well as two different dry deposition velocities. The model simulations could reproduce fairly well the observations of (137)Cs concentrations and deposition, which were used to generate the 'Atlas of Caesium deposition on Europe after the Chernobyl accident' and published in 1998. An additional focus was given on (137)Cs deposition and air concentrations over Turkey, which was one of the main affected countries, but not included in the results of the Atlas. We estimated a total deposition of 2-3.5 PBq over Turkey, with 2 main regions affected, East Turkey and Central Black Sea coast until Central Anatolia, with values between 10 kBq m(-2) and 100 kBq m(-2). Mean radiological effective doses from simulated air concentrations and deposition has been estimated for Turkey reaching 0.15 mSv/year in the North Eastern part of Turkey, even if the contribution from ingestion of contaminated food and water is not considered, the estimated levels are largely below the 1 mSv limit indicated by the International Commission on Radiological Protection.


Subject(s)
Cesium Radioisotopes/analysis , Chernobyl Nuclear Accident , Radiation Dosage , Radiation Monitoring , Radioactive Pollutants/analysis , Atmosphere/chemistry , Half-Life , Nuclear Power Plants , Turkey
2.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci ; 16(6): 824-8, 2012 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22913216

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Many studies show that statins have beneficial effects on atherosclerotic risk factors and markers such as flow mediated dilatation (FMD). However, studies on early effects of statins on endothelial function of non atherosclerotic humans are limited. AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a single high dose of atorvastatin could improve endothelial function and large arterial stiffness in statin naive dyslipidemic non-atherosclerotic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty statin naïve dyslipidemic non-atherosclerotic patients from Cardiology Outpatient Clinic were enrolled. Arterial stiffness and endothelial function of patients were evaluated by assessing the finger photoplethysmography and the flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery before and 24 hour after oral administration of 80 mg atorvastatin. RESULTS: Stiffness indices and FMD 24 hours after administration of 80mg atorvastatin did not differ from baseline measurements (6.89 +/- 1.90 vs. 7.06 +/- 2.37 p : NS and 9.13 +/- 6.07 vs. 9.80 +/- 6.34 p : NS). CONCLUSIONS: Although it is widely accepted that statins improve endothelial function, evidences of early effect might largely be associated with endothelial injury. Our study suggests that beneficial early effects of statins might not be applicable to patients without atherosclerosis.


Subject(s)
Atherosclerosis/physiopathology , Dyslipidemias/drug therapy , Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects , Heptanoic Acids/pharmacology , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Pyrroles/pharmacology , Vascular Stiffness/drug effects , Adult , Aged , Atorvastatin , Dyslipidemias/physiopathology , Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Vasodilation/drug effects
3.
Transplant Proc ; 40(1): 107-10, 2008.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18261559

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Tissue Doppler echocardiography has been introduced as a useful tool to assess systolic myocardial function. In this study we sought to compare patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), with renal transplantations and control subjects with regard to tissue Doppler parameters. METHODS: Thirty recipients with functional grafts of overall mean age 36 +/- 7 years included 24 men. An equal number of patients with ESRD of overall mean age 35 +/- 7 years included 20 men. A third cohort was comprised of 20 age- and gender matched control subjects. Tissue Doppler imaging from the septal and lateral mitral annulus of the left ventricle and free wall of the right ventricle was performed from a 4-chamber view. RESULTS: Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were similar among the groups during imaging. Peak systolic velocity (S wave) at the septal annulus was similar in control subjects and recipients. S waves were significantly lower among ESRD patients compared with recipients (10.3 +/- 2.1 vs 12.0 +/- 2.5 cm/s, P = .04, respectively). Isovolumic contraction velocity of the septum and the right ventricular wall were significantly lower in ESRD patients than recipients or controls: 10.2 +/- 2.6 vs 12.5 +/- 2.8 vs 11.4 +/- 1.8 cm/s for septal wall (P = .008) and 13.9 +/- 3.6 vs 17.9 +/- 5.1 vs 16.8 +/- 5.8, for right ventricle (P = .01). CONCLUSION: Systolic indices of tissue Doppler echocardiography in recipients demonstrated similar values as control subjects and increased values compared with ESRD patients. These results suggested improvement in systolic myocardial function following renal transplantation.


Subject(s)
Echocardiography, Doppler , Kidney Failure, Chronic/diagnostic imaging , Kidney Failure, Chronic/surgery , Kidney Transplantation/physiology , Adult , Blood Pressure , Female , Heart Rate , Humans , Male , Patient Selection , Reference Values , Renal Replacement Therapy , Time Factors
4.
Transplant Proc ; 38(2): 636-8, 2006 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16549194

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Our objective was to determine the most relevant systolic and diastolic echocardiographic parameters to detect left ventricular (LV) dysfunction associated with allograft rejection among heart transplant recipients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seven consecutive recipients underwent serial echocardiographic studies with two-dimensional spectral Doppler and tissue Doppler (TD) according to our institutional protocol. Results were compared with clinical status and endomyocardial biopsies (EMB) whenever available. RESULTS: The time since transplantation was 22 to 850 days. Patient no. 2 had a biopsy-proven acute rejection at the 11th week which was associated with decreased TD velocities, ejection fraction (EF), and stroke volume (SV), as well as increased pericardial effusion and posterior wall thickness. Interestingly, changes in TD parameters preceded those in EF and SV. However, similar but less remarkable changes in TD velocities, EF, SV, pericardial effusion, and posterior wall thickness also occurred during other events, such as systemic infection and immediate postoperative hemodynamic compromise despite no rejection. A biopsy performed 7 months later in a patient with a previous rejection episode due to a relatively low EF and SV as well as increasing pericardial effusion with normal TD velocities revealed no rejection. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that echocardiographic findings, although not specific for acute rejection, may play a potential role as a screening test to exclude rejection in heart transplant recipients.


Subject(s)
Electrocardiography , Graft Rejection/diagnostic imaging , Heart Transplantation/pathology , Adult , Biopsy , Female , Humans , Male , Myocardium/pathology , Reproducibility of Results , Ultrasonography, Doppler
6.
Tijdschr Gerontol Geriatr ; 36(6): 243-6, 2005 Dec.
Article in Dutch | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16398158

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Depression screening can improve identification and subsequent treatment of depression in general practice. Response of Turkish and Moroccan elderly is unknown. OBJECTIVES: (1) To assess the response of elderly Turkish and Moroccan general practice patients on a postal depression screening. (2) To trace reasons for non-response. METHOD: At 14 different primary care centres, elderly (55+) were screened with GDS-15. Turkish and Moroccan elderly were telephonically and house-to-house approached for tracing the reasons for non-response. RESULTS: Response rate Dutch elderly (n=6060; 62%), Turks (n= 39; 31%) and Moroccans (n=117; 34%). Most important reason for non-response among Turkish elderly was "temporary other place of staying" (Turkey). Among Moroccans it was "illiteracy". CONCLUSION: Response is very low by elderly migrants compared to Dutch elderly. The reasons for non-response implicate that other means to approach migrants' sub-populations should be sought.


Subject(s)
Depression/diagnosis , Educational Status , Geriatric Assessment/methods , Mass Screening/methods , Aged , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Culture , Depression/ethnology , Family Practice , Female , Humans , Male , Morocco/ethnology , Netherlands , Postal Service/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires , Turkey/ethnology
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