[Evaluation of the small bowel in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma during and late after chemoradiation therapy].

The paper describes the experience in using capsule endoscopy to diagnose small bowel lesions during and after chemoradiation therapy in patients with diagnosed Hodgkin's lymphoma and an attempt to compare the current views of normal tissue response to ionizing radiation, as well as drugs used for chemotherapy.

[Endoscopic radio wave hemostasis in combined treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers complicated by bleeding]. / Endoskopicheskii radiovolnovoi gemostaz v kompleksnom lechenii gastroduodenal'nykh iazv, oslozhnennykh krovotecheniem.

Radiowave hemostasis was used for endoscopic stopping of bleeding from gastric and duodenal ulcers in 96 patients. Primary single radiowave hemostasis permitted to achieve stable effect in 80 (83.3%) patients. After repeated radiowave hemostasis bleeding was completely stopped in 14 (14.6%) patients, 2 (2.1%) patients of this group underwent urgent surgery. On day 10 after radiowave hemostasis 95% of mucosal defects epithialized.

[Results of esophagogastroduodenoscopy many years after Chernobyl accident among those taking place in the liquidation of the results of the disaster]. / Rezul'taty ézofagogastroduodenoskopii v otdalennom periode u lits, prinimavshikh uchastie v likvidatsii posledstvii avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES.

Gastroduodenal disorders were studied endoscopically for 5 years in 159 Chernobyl wreckers and were compared to subjects unexposed to ionising radiation. Upper gastroduodenal tract was examined with esophagogastroduodenoscopy to avoid additional radiation load. It was found that 8-12 years after irradiation, many examinees had gastroduodenal mucosa erosions the rate of which was persistently high. Incidences of malignant and benign tumors in the study and control groups did not differ significantly.

[The diagnosis and endoscopic removal of foreign bodies obstructing the esophageal lumen]. / Diagnostika i éndoskopicheskoe udalenie inorodnykh tel, obturiruiushchikh prosvet pishchevoda.

The authors present a sequence of diagnostic (the patients' complaints, case history, clinical, x-ray and endoscopic evidence) and therapeutic (endoscopic treatment) measures to be taken in order to remove foreign bodies responsible for esophageal obstruction. The policy proposed allows the physicians to avoid misdiagnosis and to clear away foreign bodies from the esophagus with minimal complications in 96% of the cases.

[Endoscopic pharmacologic denervation of the stomach in the treatment of acute pancreatitis]. / Metod éndoskopicheskoi medikamentoznoi denervatsii zheludka v lechenii ostrogo pankreatitia.

The article discusses the results of medicamentous denervation of the stomach performed in 69 patients with various forms of pancreatitis 1-4 days after the onset of the disease. The efficacy of treatment was significantly higher statistically in the group of patients who were subjected to endoscopic medicamentous denervation of the stomach practically in all degrees of severity. By reducing the effect of the vagus nerve on the pathological process, this method makes it possible to improve considerably the results of treatment of patients with acute pancreatitis and shorten the terms of therapeutic fasting and in--patient treatment. Endoscopic medicamentous denervation of the stomach is indicated for all patients with acute pancreatitis in the immediate period after the onset of the disease, and the results are best when it is undertaken before destructive processes develop in the pancreas.

[The role of esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the differential diagnosis of acute cholecystitis and acute pancreatitis in diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract]. / Rol' ézofagogastroduodenoskopii v differentsial'noi diagnostike ostrogo kholetsistita i ostrogo pankreatita s zabolevaniiami organov verkhnikh otdelov zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta.

The examination of 411 patients with diagnosis of acute cholecystitis (AH) and pancreatitis (AP) showed that 14% of the examinees had malignant or benign affections of the upper portion of the gastrointestinal tract. AH and AP were noted to occur frequently in combination with duodenal ulcer. As for gastric ulcer, it often simulates the above diseases.

[Course of wound process in chemical burns of the stomach (results of morphological and endoscopic studies)]. / Techenie ranevogo protsessa pri khimicheskikh ozhogakh zheludka (po rezul'tatam morfologicheskogo i éndoskopicheskogo issledovanii).

The dynamics of the wound process in chemical burns of the stomach were studied on the basis of histological and endoscopic examinations. The patients who were studied were given nonoperative treatment, in all cases for corrosive gastric ulcers. The most frequent complications were cicatricial stenoses (86.6%) in involvement of the antral part of the stomach. Regeneration of the damaged tissues of the gastric wall was disturbed, the specific features of these disorders were studied.

[Prevention of complications of endoscopic electric excision of benign tumors of the stomach]. / Profilaktika oslozhnenii éndoskopicheskoi élektroékstsizii dobrokachestvennykh opukholei zheludka.

The authors suggest a method for endoscopic infiltration of glue under the base of a benign gastric tumor before its removal through an endoscope, for the prevention of bleeding from its seat and perforation of the organ. The method was used in removal of 116 benign tumors measuring from 0.5 to 5.0 cm in size. The results provide evidence of reliable prevention of these complications with the use of the suggested method.

[Endoscopic biopotential measurement in the diagnosis of the degree of esophageal mucosal involvement in chemical burns]. / Endoskopicheskaia biopotentsialometriia v diagnostike stepeni porazheniia slizistoi obolochki pishchevoda pri khimicheskikh ozhogakh.

Results of examination of 43 patients with injuries of the esophagus by cauterizing substances were obtained using the method of endoscopic biopotentialometry. It was shown that the method of endoscopic biopotentialometry is simple, allows rapid and exact determination of the degree of the injury of gastric mucosa at early terms from the moment of burn, choice of correct methods of treatment and prevention of such serious complications as bleedings, strictures etc.

[Endoscopic glue infiltration and diathermocoagulation in the complex treatment of patients with acute gastroduodenal hemorrhages]. / Kleeva éndoskopicheskaia infil'tratsiia i diatermokoaguliatsiia v kompleksnom lechenii bol'nykh s ostrymi gastroduodenal'nymi krovotecheniiami.

A special medicinal glue MIK-T capable of infiltrating biological tissue by means of an endoscopic needle was developed. The authors suggest a method for glue endoscopic infiltration of the source of gastroduodenal bleeding for its arrest and prevention of a recurrence. Experimental study was undertaken to study the efficacy of glue endoscopic infiltration, determine the terms of glue resolution, and reveal the morphological changes in the zone of glue injection. The method of glue endoscopic infiltration was employed in complex treatment of 109 patients with acute gastroduodenal bleeding. The results provide evidence of the high efficacy of the method and its advantages over diathermocoagulation in arresting and preventing recurrences of acute gastroduodenal bleeding.

[Endoscopic and sparing surgical interventions in the treatment of patients with acute cholecystitis and high surgical risk]. / Endoskopicheskie i shchadiashchie khirugicheskie operatsii pri lechenii bol'nykh s ostrym kholetsistitom s vysokim operatsionnym riskom.

Laparoscopic gallbladder drainage was performed as an alternative intervention to an emergency operation in 97 patients with acute cholecystitis whose ages ranged from 60 to 89 years. One patient died from thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery. After acute inflammation was arrested, 37 patients underwent cholecystectomy. The risk of a radical operation was ascertained to be very high in 58 cases. In 19 of these cases endoscopic cleansing of the cystic cavity was performed through cholecystostomy formed during laparoscopic drainage of the gallbladder. In 39 cases the therapeutic process was completed by a sparing operation--sanative cholecystostomy which was carried out under local anesthesia. There were no fatal outcomes in these groups. Endoscopic papillosphincterotomy was conducted in 17 patients, with stones in the gallbladder and choledocholithiasis, after which the stones were removed. The performance of endoscopic and surgical interventions which cause minimal injury provides for adequate sanative treatment of the gallbladder in cases in which cholecystectomy is an extremely high risk.

[The use of copper-vapor laser radiation on patients with chemical burns of the esophagus via fiber esophagoscopy]. / Ispol'zovanie izlucheniia lazera na parakh medi u bol'nykh s khimicheskimi ozhogami pishchevoda pri fibroézofagoskopii.

Fifty patients with chemical burns of the esophagus were examined fibroesophagoscopically. All of them underwent local endoscopic irradiation by a copper vapour laser. Laser treatment promoted more rapid healing of the esophageal wall. No cicatrization-induced strictures were noted. Adjuvant local laser therapy is believed valid in management of esophageal chemical trauma.

[Effectiveness of the treatment of chemical burns of the esophagus by local endoscopic laser therapy]. / Effektivnost' lecheniia khimicheskikh ozhogov pischevoda metodami mestnoi éndoskopicheskoi lazeroterapii.

Overall 240 patients with chemical burns of the esophagus were examined. Local endoscopic treatment with the aid of lasers was applied in 180 victims. The efficacy of different types of laser radiation was compared in terms of the times of the healing of the esophageal wall. It is concluded that further studies should be carried out in the given area.

[The local treatment of chemical burns of the esophagus via an endoscope by means of laser therapy and adhesive application]. / Mestnoe lechenie khimicheskikh ozhogov pishchevoda cherez éndoskop metodami lazerterapii i kleevoi applikatsii.

An examination of 180 patients with chemical burns of the esophagus was performed. Local endoscopic treatment with the help of low energy laser irradiation and glue applications was used in 120 patients. Preference is given to the method of local laser therapy because of the best results of treatment and the absence of risk of putting out of order the expensive apparatus resulting from an ingress of glue on it.

[Mallory-Weiss syndrome in acute poisoning with non-caustic substances]. / Sindrom Mallori-Weissa pri ostrykh otravleniiakh neprizhiga- iushchimi veshchestvami.

The authors presented the results of diagnostic and therapeutic esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the Mallory-Weiss syndrome observed in patients with acute ++non-caustic poisoning. Altogether 47 patients were investigated for suspected gastrointestinal bleeding. The Mallory-Weiss syndrome was detected in 20 (42.5%) patients. Therapeutic endoscopic intervention was performed in 5 cases of this syndrome to stop bleeding.

[Fungal infection of the esophagus and stomach after chemical burns]. / Gribkovoe porazhenie pishchevoda i zheludka pri khimicheskikh ozhogakh.

Endoscopic signs of esophageal fungal lesions were established in 7.5% of patients with chemical impairment of the gastrointestinal tract on day 10-15 since the burn. Endoscopically, there were two forms of the esophageal lesion. To make the diagnosis more reliable, specific evidence at endoscopy and bacterioscopy should be used while the differential diagnosis should be based on biopotentialometry. Early diagnosis of fungal involvement may provide better response in the treatment of patients with chemical burns.

[Naso-intestinal endoscopic intubation in the complex treatment of postoperative intestinal obstruction]. / Nazointestinal'naia éndoskopicheskaia intubatsiia v kompleksnom lechenii posleoperatsionnoi kishechnoi neprokhodimosti.

The long-tube decompression was used for treatment of 54 selected patients with diagnosis of early postoperative intestinal obstruction. For this purpose a silicon double-lumen wire-guided tube has been endoscopically introduced into the proximal portion of the small intestine. In 40 cases continuous decompression of the small bowel brought about a successful resolution of intestinal obstruction by nonoperative therapy. Failure of the conservative treatment within the first 48 hours after intubation has led to operation in 14 cases. Six patients died in this series (4 patients died of multiple organ failure, 2--of thromboembolism). The study has shown that the method can be successfully used.