ABSTRACT
Introdução: A nova tecnologia do strain bidimensional (st2d) permite uma análise mais precisa da função global e segmentar do ventrículo esquerdo (VE), incluindo sua porção apical, por ser ângulo-independente. Objetivo: Avaliar a função sistólica global do VE com o st-2d em pacientes (pcs) com Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica (CMH). Métodos: Foram incluídos 21 pcs com CMH e fração de ejeção do VE preservada (G-CMH), e 21 pcs sem CMH, compondo o grupo controle (G-nl). Foi mensurado o st-2d longitudinal endocárdico global (st2D-L), pela técnica optical flow, dos 18 segmentos do VE, a partir de 3 cortes apicais. Empregou-se o teste t de Student para análise de variáveis contínuas, e o Qui-quadrado (Pearson) para variáveis não contínuas, considerando-se um nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: Não foi observada diferença entre os grupos quanto à idade, sexo e pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica e frequência cardíaca. Dezesseis pcs do G-CMH apresentavam a forma assimétrica septal da hipertrofia, com envolvimento adicional ou não de paredes adjacentes (G-CMHs), e cinco apresentavam a forma apical da CMH (G-CMHap). Apesar da fração de ejeção do VE ser preservada nos 2 grupos, o st2D-L mostrou-se globalmente reduzido no G-CMH (14,6 + 4,3 vs 18,6 + 2,6% no G-C;p=0,009). No G-CMHs, notou-se valor significativamente menor do st2D-L em relação ao G-nl (13,6 + 3,9 versus 18,5 + 2,5%; p< 0,0002), não havendo diferença significativa entre o G-nl e o G-CMHap. Conclusão: O st2D-L mostrou-se significativamente reduzido na CMH em relação ao G-nl, indicando alteração precoce da função sistólica do VE na CMH, apesar de uma fração de ejeção preservada.
Introduction: The recent developed technology of two-dimensional strain (st2D) allows a more precise analysis of global and segmental function of the left ventricle (LV), including the apical region, due to its angle-independence. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate global LV systolic function with st2D in patients (pts) with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM). Methods: We included 21 pts with HCM and preserved LV ejection fraction (G-HCM), and 21 control pcs (G-nl). The global endocardial longitudinal st2D (st2D-L) of 18 myocardial LV segments was measured, by using optical flow technology, from the 3 apical views. The Student t test was used for analysis of the continuous variables, and the Chi-square (Pearson) for the non-continuous variables, considering a significance level of 0,05. Results: No significant difference was observed between the groups regarding age, sex, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate. Sixteen pts from the G-HCM presented septal asymmetric hypertrophy, with additional involvement of adjacent walls or not (G-HCMs), and five showed the apical form of HCM (G-HCMap). Although LV ejection fraction was preserved in both groups, the st2D-L was significantly reduced in the G-HCM (14,.1 + 4,3 vs 18,6 + 2,6% in G-nl, p = 0.009). In the G-HCMs the st2D-L was lower compared to G-nl (13,6 + 3.9 vs 18,5 + 2.5%, p <0.0002), with no significant difference between G-nl and G-HCMap. Conclusion: The st2D-L was significantly reduced in pcs with HCM compared to G-nl, indicating early change of LV systolic function in HCM despite a preserved ejection fraction.
Subject(s)
Humans , Analysis of Variance , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/physiopathology , Ventricular Function, Left , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Stroke Volume/physiologyABSTRACT
The rupture of retroperitoneal varices is a rare and catastrophic complication of portal hypertension. We describe a case of this nature, the first in Brazilian medical literature, and also reviewing all previous 34 cases. We systematically analyzed all therapeutic approach and propose a management algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of this lethal condition. The majority of the patients presented with abdominal pain, distention and hypotension, and developed hemorrhagic shock. Rupture of retroperitoneal varices can be properly managed if an early diagnosis is made and surgery is performed promptly, which is the only effective treatment. Arteriography should be used when the suspicion is of rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma.
