Study of 100 Cases of Cerebrovascular Stroke Correlating Clinical Presentation with Radiological Study.

Stroke is a devastating and disabling cerebrovascular disease with some amount of residual deficit leading to economic loss. In 2010, the absolute numbers of people with first stroke (16.9 million), stroke survivors (33 million), stroke related deaths (5.9 million),National Commission on Macroeconomics and Health, estimated 1.67 million stroke cases in India by the year 2015, suggesting that stroke will be a rising epidemic in India in the near future. This may be due to the high prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia. MATERIAL: Cross - Sectional observational type of study. Study Subject:-Study of 100 cases of cerebrovascular stroke correlating clinical presentation with radiological study. SAMPLE SIZE: -100 Patients. OBSERVATION: In the present study, types of the stroke were divided as Ischemic Stroke and Hemorrhagic Stroke with 80 (80%) and 20 (20%) respectively, out of 100 patients of stroke 54(54%) were from older age group of 51-80 years and 46 (46%)patients were from younger and adult age group of 18-50 years, male patients were predominantly higher 73 (73%) as compared to female 37 (37%) patients, most common presenting symptom was hemiplegia 82(82%) followed by speech disorder 68(68%) and altered sensorium 56(56%),most common anatomical site of infarction was frontal 32(40%) followed by parietal 30(37.5%), temporal 16(20%) and internal capsule 14(17.5%). Other less commom sites were thalamus 10(12.5&),midbrain 10(12.5%), pons 8(10%) and medulla 6(7.5%). Among haemorrhagic stroke, most common anatomical site of haemorrhage were basal ganglia 10(50%). thalamus 8(40%), pons 6(30%) and cerebellum 4(20%). CONCLUSION:

Study Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio in Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and systemic autoimmune disease with synovial joint inflammation; that culminates in progressive damage of the joint, especially with persistent inflammation. The neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets which are an important part of the immune system have a role in the control of inflammation, while also changing secondary to inflammation. Platelets have a significant role in inflammation and immune-modulation postulated by the presence of crosstalk between markers of coagulation and the inflammatory system. MATERIAL: This was a Hospital-based, cross-sectional and comparative study. The study was conducted at SMS Medical College and Hospital (Department of Medicine), Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. OBSERVATION: Most of the RA Cases were females (63.3%), while only 11 cases (36.7%) were males. Gender matched controls were selected, thus there were more females (63.3%), and 11 (36.7%) were males. The mean neutrophil percentage was higher among RA cases (66.23 ± 10.86%) as compared to controls (52.6 ± 7.23%). CONCLUSION: The mean P: L ratio was higher among RA cases (184.88 ± 52.31) as compared to controls (115.56 ± 35.67). This difference in the P: L ratio among RA cases and controls was found to be statistically significant (p<0.001). The N: L ratio was higher among RA cases with active disease (3.31 ± 1.29) as compared to RA cases with remission (2.15 ± 0.74). This difference in N: L ratio concerning disease activity among RA cases were found to be statistically significant (p=0.007).

Methodology of Seasonal Waves of Respiratory Disorders survey conducted at respiratory outpatient clinics across India.

BACKGROUND: Respiratory disorders are important contributors to disease burden across the world. The aim is to assess the proportionate burden of types of respiratory diseases and their seasonal patterns in India we are performing a field study. The present report describes methodological aspects of a respiratory disease point prevalence survey from India. METHODS: A total of 4108 chest physicians were invited. Acceptance was received from 420 sites. Chest physicians were classified according to location of practice one as medical college, district government hospital, private hospital, and private clinics. Qualifications of practicing chest physicians were postgraduate in chest medicine, including Doctorate of Medicine (68.4%), diploma in chest medicine (22.1%), and Postgraduate in Medicine (9.5%). The study questionnaire was designed to record demographic data, comorbidities, risk factors, and respiratory conditions based on ICD-10. RESULTS: A total of 366 sites provided baseline data, and the response rate of recruitment of the study sites was 8.9% in the baseline phase. However, government and private medical colleges, as well as government and private hospitals across India, were part of recruitment of respiratory patients for this survey. CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to conduct a large multisite study to assess respiratory disease burden. Challenges include low response rate and logistic issues.

Toluene Poisoning Presenting as Bilateral Basal Ganglia Haemorrhage.

Toluene is an aromatic hydrocarbon that is often used as a solvent in paints, paint thinners, glues, disinfectants and as an industrial solvent for the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, paints and chemicals. Metabolic acidosis is a recognized complication of toluene poisoning. However, we here report an unusual case of toluene poisoning presenting with bilateral intracerebral haemorrhage.

Tongue cleaner, an unusual foreign body in the urethra: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Various cases of self-inflicted foreign body insertion into the urethra have been reported in adult males. The most common motive for such acts has been postulated as autoerotic stimulation, psychiatric illness or intoxication. CASE PRESENTATION: A 40-year-old male presented with a partially inserted tongue cleaner in his urethra with one end projecting from the urethral meatus and with a history of bleeding and pain. After a gentle attempt of removal using local anaesthetic gel the patient was scheduled for its surgical removal under anaesthesia. CONCLUSION: Large complex foreign bodies may be not amenable to endoscopic removal and may warrant open surgical procedure. Urethral stricture should be suspected in such patients. A psychiatric visit should be recommended for all adult males with self-inflicted foreign body in the urethra.