Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 4 de 4
Filter
1.
Pediatr Res ; 67(6): 619-23, 2010 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20216104

ABSTRACT

Chronic lung disease (CLD) is a major cause of long-term morbidity in extremely LBW infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Parenteral vitamin A administration decreases the risk of CLD. We tested the hypothesis that intratracheal vitamin A administration with surfactant is systemically bioavailable without interfering with the functional properties of exogenous surfactant. Newborn piglets were ventilated with 100% FiO2 and sequential saline lavage induced respiratory distress syndrome. During lung injury induction, ventilator changes were allowed, but none were made following treatment allocation. Animals were assigned by chance in a blinded control trial to three groups: I=control; II=surfactant; III=surfactant+vitamin A. Hemodynamics, lung mechanics, and blood gases were measured following instrumentation, pre- and posttreatment for 4 h, at which time the liver was sampled for retinol determination. All parameters improved in animals receiving surfactant. A significant interaction existed between time and group for PaO2 and alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (A-aDO2). Hepatic levels of retinol were higher (p<0.001) in animals receiving retinyl acetate. Intratracheal administration of surfactant+vitamin A did not alter the beneficial effects of surfactant on lung compliance and gas exchange. Intratracheal Vitamin A was associated with rapid hepatic uptake. Further studies are warranted.


Subject(s)
Liver/metabolism , Lung/drug effects , Pulmonary Surfactants/administration & dosage , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/drug therapy , Vitamin A/analogs & derivatives , Vitamins/administration & dosage , Vitamins/pharmacokinetics , Administration, Inhalation , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Biological Availability , Disease Models, Animal , Diterpenes , Drug Combinations , Hemodynamics/drug effects , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Intubation, Intratracheal , Lung/physiopathology , Lung Compliance/drug effects , Oxygen/blood , Pulmonary Gas Exchange/drug effects , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/blood , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/physiopathology , Retinyl Esters , Swine , Time Factors , Vitamin A/administration & dosage , Vitamin A/pharmacokinetics
2.
Pediatr Surg Int ; 25(2): 169-73, 2009 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19148654

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of bloodstream infection (BSI) in extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is reported between 0.9 and 19.5%. In January 2006, the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) reported an overall incidence of 8.78% distributed as follows: respiratory: 6.5% (neonatal), 20.8% (pediatric); cardiac: 8.2% (neonatal) and 12.6% (pediatric). METHOD: At BC Children's Hospital (BCCH) daily surveillance blood cultures (BC) are performed and antibiotic prophylaxis is not routinely recommended. Positive BC (BC+) were reviewed, including resistance profiles, collection time of BC+, time to positivity and mortality. White blood cell count, absolute neutrophile count, immature/total ratio, platelet count, fibrinogen and lactate were analyzed 48, 24 and 0 h prior to BSI. A univariate linear regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: From 1999 to 2005, 89 patients underwent ECLS. After exclusion, 84 patients were reviewed. The attack rate was 22.6% (19 BSI) and 13.1% after exclusion of coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 8). BSI patients were significantly longer on ECLS (157 h) compared to the no-BSI group (127 h, 95% CI: 106-148). Six BSI patients died on ECLS (35%; 4 congenital diaphragmatic hernias, 1 hypoplastic left heart syndrome and 1 after a tetralogy repair). BCCH survival on ECLS was 71 and 58% at discharge, which is comparable to previous reports. No patient died primarily because of BSI. No BSI predictor was identified, although lactate may show a decreasing trend before BSI (P = 0.102). CONCLUSION: Compared with ELSO, the studied BSI incidence was higher with a comparable mortality. We speculate that our BSI rate is explained by underreporting of "contaminants" in the literature, the use of broad-spectrum antibiotic prophylaxis and a higher yield with daily monitoring BC. We support daily surveillance blood cultures as an alternative to antibiotic prophylaxis in the management of patients on ECLS.


Subject(s)
Extracorporeal Circulation/adverse effects , Microbiological Techniques , Adolescent , Biomarkers/blood , Blood/microbiology , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Predictive Value of Tests , Retrospective Studies
3.
J Heart Valve Dis ; 15(4): 588-90, 2006 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16901059

ABSTRACT

Skeletal manifestations are the hallmark of the osteogenesis imperfecta group of disorders. Extraskeletal involvement may, however, contribute significantly to morbidity. Structural cardiovascular anomalies reported in osteogenesis imperfecta include aortic root dilatation and aortic and mitral valve dysfunction. Herein is reported the first case of involvement of the right side of the heart in osteogenesis imperfecta.


Subject(s)
Heart Defects, Congenital/complications , Osteogenesis Imperfecta/complications , Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology , Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/diagnostic imaging , Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/pathology , Infant, Newborn , Length of Stay , Nitric Oxide/administration & dosage , Osteogenesis Imperfecta/diagnosis , Patient Discharge , Piperazines/administration & dosage , Purines , Radiography, Thoracic , Sildenafil Citrate , Sulfones , Treatment Outcome , Tricuspid Valve/abnormalities , Tricuspid Valve/diagnostic imaging , Ultrasonography , Vasodilator Agents/administration & dosage
4.
Pediatr Infect Dis J ; 23(9): 806-14, 2004 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15361717

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Infants born at 33 through 35 completed weeks of gestation (33-35GA) are at risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, and palivizumab prophylaxis lowers hospitalizations for RSV infection by as much as 80%. The 33-35GA cohort comprises 3-5% of annual births; thus expert panels recommend limiting prophylaxis to situations in which frequency or health care impact of RSV infection is high. This study sought to identify independent risk factors for hospitalization for RSV infection. METHODS: This was a multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study of 33-35GA infants followed through their first RSV season (2001/2002 or 2002/2003). Baseline data were collected by interview with parents and review of medical records. Respiratory tract illnesses were identified by monthly phone calls, and medical records were reviewed for emergency room visits or hospitalizations. Risk factors were determined by stepwise logistic regression. RESULTS: Of 1,860 enrolled subjects, 1,832 (98.5%) were followed for at least 1 month, and 1,760 (94.6%) completed all follow-ups. Of 140 (7.6%) subjects hospitalized for respiratory tract illnesses, 66 infants had proven RSV infection. Independent predictors for hospitalization for RSV infection were: day-care attendance (odds ratio, 12.32; 95% confidence interval, 2.56, 59.34); November through January birth (odds ratio, 4.89; 95% confidence interval, 2.57, 9.29); preschool age sibling(s) (odds ratio, 2.76; 95% confidence interval, 1.51, 5.03); birth weight <10th percentile (odds ratio, 2.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.14, 4.22); male gender (odds ratio, 1.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.10, 3.31); > or = 2 smokers in the home (odds ratio, 1.87; 95% confidence interval, 1.07, 3.26); and households with >5 people, counting the subject (odds ratio, 1.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.02, 3.16). Family history of eczema (odds ratio, 0.42; 95% confidence interval, 0.18, 0.996) was protective. CONCLUSIONS: Specific host/environmental factors can be used to identify which 33-35GA infants are at greatest risk of hospitalization for RSV infection and likely to benefit from palivizumab prophylaxis.


Subject(s)
Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Infant, Premature , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Canada/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Female , Gestational Age , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Logistic Models , Male , Multivariate Analysis , Palivizumab , Predictive Value of Tests , Pregnancy , Prevalence , Probability , Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/drug therapy , Risk Assessment , Severity of Illness Index , Sex Factors , Survival Rate , Treatment Outcome
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...