Comparison of inflammatory markers in low-pressure pneumoperitoneum with deep neuromuscular block versus standard pressure pneumoperitoneum among patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallstone disease: a randomized control trial.

BACKGROUND: Low-pressure pneumoperitoneum (LPP) is an attempt to improve laparoscopic surgery. Lower pressure causes lesser inflammation and better hemodynamics. There is a lack of literature comparing inflammatory markers in LPP with deep NMB to standard pressure pneumoperitoneum (SPP) with moderate NMB in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODOLOGY: This was a single institutional prospective randomized control trial. Participants included all patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gall stone disease. Participants were divided into 2 groups group A and B. Group A-Low-pressure group in which pneumoperitoneum pressure was kept low (8-10 mmHg) with deep Neuromuscular blockade (NMB) and Group B-Normal pressure group (12-14 mmHg) with moderate NMB. A convenience sample size of 80 with 40 in each group was selected. Lab investigations like CBC, LFT, RFT and serum IL-1, IL-6, IL-17, TNF alpha levels were measured at base line and 24 h after surgery and compared using appropriate statistical tests. Other parameters like length of hospital stay, post-operative pain score, conversion rate (low-pressure to standard pressure), and complications were also compared. RESULTS: Eighty participants were analysed with 40 in each group. Baseline characteristics and investigations were statistically similar. Difference (post-operative-pre-operative) of inflammatory markers were compared between both groups. Numerically there was a slightly higher rise in most of the inflammatory markers (TLC, ESR, CRP, IL-6, TNFα) in Group B compared to Group A but not statistically significant. Albumin showed significant fall (p < 0.001) in Group B compared to Group A. Post-operative pain was also significantly less (p < 0.001) in Group A compared to Group B at 6 h and 24 h. There were no differences in length of hospital stay and incidence of complications. There was no conversion from low-pressure to standard pressure. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed under low-pressure pneumoperitoneum with deep NMB may have lesser inflammation and lesser post-operative pain compared to standard pressure pneumoperitoneum with moderate NMB. Future studies with larger sample size need to be designed to support these findings.

Exploring the role of neutral ligands in modulating the photoluminescence of samarium complexes with 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione.

Four eight-coordinated luminescent samarium complexes of type [Sm(hfpd)3L2] and [Sm(hfpd)3L'] [where hfpd = 1,1,1,5,5,5-Hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione L = tri-octyl-phosphine oxide (TOPO) and L' = 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), neocuproine (neoc) and bathocuproine (bathoc) were synthesized via a stoichiometrically controlled approach. This allows for precise control over the stoichiometry of the complexes, leading to reproducible properties. This investigation focuses on understanding the impact of secondary ligands on the luminescent properties of these complexes. Infrared (IR) spectra provided information about the molecular structures, whereas 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra confirmed these structural details along with the coordination of ligands to trivalent Sm ion. The UV-vis spectra revealed the molar absorption coefficient and absorption bands associated with the hfpd ligand and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy demonstrated intense orange-red emission (648 nm relative to 4G5/2 → 6H9/2) from the complexes. The Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) triangles indicated that the complexes emitted warm orange red light with color coordinates (x, y) ranging from (0.62, 0.36) to (0.40, 0.27). The investigation of the band gap as well as color parameters confirms the utility of these complexes in displays and LEDs.

Design and Synthesis of Isatin-Tagged Isoniazid Conjugates with Cogent Antituberculosis and Radical Quenching Competence: In-vitro and In-silico Evaluations.

In pursuit of potential chemotherapeutic alternates to combat severe tuberculosis infections, novel heterocyclic templates derived from clinically approved anti-TB drug isoniazid and isatin have been synthesized that demonstrate potent inhibitory action against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and compound 4i with nitrophenyl motif exhibited the highest anti-TB efficacy with a MIC value of 2.54 µM/ml. Notably, the same nitro analog 4i shows the best antioxidant efficacy among all the synthesized compounds with an IC50 value of 37.37 µg/ml, suggesting a synergistic influence of antioxidant proficiency on the anti-TB action. The titled compounds exhibit explicit binding affinity with the InhA receptor. The befitting biochemical reactivity and near-appropriate pharmacokinetic proficiency of the isoniazid conjugates is reflected in the density functional theory (DFT) studies and ADMET screening. The remarkable anti-TB action of the isoniazid cognates with marked radical quenching ability may serve as a base for developing multi-target medications to confront drug-resistant TB pathogens. Keywords Isoniazid . Isatin . H37Rv . Antituberculosis . Antioxidant . Molecular Docking.

Optimizing white light emission in Dy(iii) complexes: impact of energy transfer from mono and bidentate ligands on luminescence.

Complexes of dysprosium(iii) ions with 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione featuring various mono and bi-dentate neutral ligands have been prepared and thoroughly investigated. The synthesized complexes exhibit an octa-coordinated environment, achieved by stoichiometrically combining organic ligands and Dy(iii) ions. This octa-coordination environment of Dy(iii) ion was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and elemental analysis. Near-white light (NWL) is emitted when complexes were exposed to UV radiation, indicating a significant flow of energy from the sensitizing moieties towards the Dy(iii) ion. This NWL emission might have resulted due to a balance between the intensities corresponding to emission peaks at 480 nm (blue) and 575 nm (yellow) in Dy1-Dy3. Emission spectra recorded at different excitation wavelength were utilized to study the tunability of CIE color coordinates. In addition to their high thermal stability, the complexes display bipolar paramagnetic shifts in their NMR spectra. The 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 transition, contributing ∼62% of the total emission, stands out as a promising candidate for laser amplification due to its dominance in the emission spectra. Additionally, NWL emission observed in a solid Dy(iii) complex opens intriguing possibilities for its application in next-generation white-light emitting devices.

Sculpting liquid metal stabilized interfaces: a gateway to liquid electronics.

Liquid electronics have potential applications in soft robotics, printed electronics, and healable electronics. The intrinsic shortcomings of solid-state electronics can be offset by liquid conductors. Alloys of gallium have emerged as transformative materials for liquid electronics owing to their intrinsic fluidity, conductivity, and low toxicity. However, sculpting liquid metal or its composites into a 3D architecture is a challenging task. To tackle this issue, herein, we explored the interfacial chemistry of metal ions and tannic acid (TA) complexation at a liquid-liquid interface. First, we established that an MIII-TA network at the liquid-liquid interface could structure liquid in liquid by jamming the interfacial film. The surface coverage of the droplet largely depends on the concentration of metal ions, oxidation state of metal ions and pH of the surrounding environment. Further extending the approach, we demonstrated that TA-functionalized gallium nanoparticles (Ga NPs) can also sculpt liquid droplets in the presence of transition metal ions. Finally, a mold-based free-standing 3D architecture is obtained using the interfacial reaction and interfacial crowding of a metal-phenolate network. Conductivity measurement reveals that these liquid constructs can be used for low-voltage electronic applications, thus opening the door for liquid electronics.

Case report: A case of pseudo-acute kidney injury due to cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor.

Various classes of targeted therapies have emerged in the last few years, which have revolutionized cancer treatment, and improved the prognosis and survival of cancer patients. Unfortunately, these agents have serious toxic effects on the kidneys. Some of the toxic effects are hypertension, acute kidney injury (AKI), and proteinuria. One interesting phenomenon that has emerged recently is pseudo-acute kidney injury due to the interference with the tubular secretion of creatinine by some of the targeted therapeutic agents. Understanding this physiology is needed to avoid unnecessary investigation and withholding of lifesaving chemo regimen. Alternative methods to assess renal function such as cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) can differentiate true AKI from pseudo-AKI. Here, we describe one such case of pseudo-AKI from cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor, abemaciclib, which inhibits tubular secretion of creatinine. Using cystatin-C-based eGFR revealed pseudo-AKI in this case.

Realization of a green-emitting pyrosilicate-structured Er3+-activated Y2Si2O7 phosphor: a systematic study of opto-electronic characteristics and thermal stability for lighting applications.

A series of green-emitting Y2-x Si2O7:xEr3+ phosphors (x = 1-7 mol%) have been successfully synthesized using a straightforward gel-combustion method facilitated by urea. X-ray diffraction analysis provided specific patterns for samples, confirming a consistent triclinic phase across erbium-doped structures compared to undoped structures. Studies using TEM and EDX were conducted to identify the surface-related characteristics and chemical composition of the synthesized nanophosphor, respectively. The band gap was determined to be 5.55 eV and 5.80 eV for the host material and optimal sample, respectively. The primary peak of excitation, observed at 379 nm, represents the highly sensitive electric dipole transition from the 4I15/2 state to the 4G11/2 level, suggesting that the prepared phosphors could effectively absorb NUV light for activation. The PL profiles of Y2-x Si2O7:xEr3+ (x = 1-7 mol%) phosphors demonstrate characteristic emissions at 409 nm (2H9/2 → 4I15/2), 522 nm (2H11/2 → 4I15/2), 553 nm (4S3/2 → 4I15/2) and 662 nm (4F9/2 → 4I15/2). In accordance with Dexter's theory, luminescence quenching observed at a concentration of 4 mol% Er3+ is attributed to dipole-quadrupole interactions. The optimal sample demonstrates excellent thermal stability, indicated by its luminescence at different temperatures and activation energy of 0.2641 eV. Additionally, the CIE, color purity and CCT values of the fabricated nanomaterials make it ideal for use in lighting applications.

Synthesis of thiazolidine-2,4-dione tethered 1,2,3-triazoles as α-amylase inhibitors: In vitro approach coupled with QSAR, molecular docking, molecular dynamics and ADMET studies.

A new series of thiazolidine-2,4-dione tethered 1,2,3-triazole derivatives were designed, synthesized and screened for their α-amylase inhibitory potential employing in vitro and in silico approaches. The target compounds were synthesized with the help of Cu (I) catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition of terminal alkyne with numerous azides, followed by unambiguously characterizing the structure by employing various spectroscopic approaches. The synthesized derivatives were assessed for their in vitro α-amylase inhibition and it was found that thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives 6e, 6j, 6o, 6u and 6x exhibited comparable inhibition with the standard drug acarbose. The compound 6e with a 7-chloroquinolinyl substituent on the triazole ring exhibited significant inhibition potential with IC50 value of 0.040 µmol mL-1 whereas compound 6c (IC50 = 0.099 µmol mL-1) and 6h (IC50 = 0.098 µmol mL-1) were poor inhibitors. QSAR studies revealed the positively correlating descriptors that aid in the design of novel compounds. Molecular docking was performed to investigate the binding interactions with the active site of the biological receptor and the stability of the complex over a period of 100 ns was examined using molecular dynamics studies. The physiochemical properties and drug-likeliness behavior of the potent derivatives were investigated by carrying out the ADMET studies.

Cool green-emissive Y2Si2O7:Tb3+ nanophosphor: auto-combustion synthesis and structural and photoluminescence characteristics with good thermal stability for lighting applications.

A cheap, versatile, sustainable and energy-efficient gel-combustion method was applied to develop a series of green-emitting down-converted Y2Si2O7:Tb3+ (YPS:Tb3+) nanophosphors. Employing XRD-based Rietveld refinement approach, the phase purity and crystallographic evaluation of the produced phosphor were conducted, revealing a triclinic crystal with P1̄ space group. EDX and TEM analyses were performed on the synthesized samples to determine their elemental composition and morphological properties. Diffuse reflectance spectra yielded 5.61 eV and 5.79 eV optical energy band gaps for the host and the optimized (0.04 mole of Tb3+) sample, respectively. UV light has the ability to excite the nanocrystalline phosphor in an efficient manner, leading to significant luminosity qualities attributed to the radiative relaxation of 5D4 → 7FJ (J = 6, 5, 4, 3). The bi-exponential decay function was derived by the PL decay curves. With an activation energy of 0.2206 eV, the Y1.96Si2O7:0.04Tb3+ phosphor exhibits good thermal quenching capabilities. Improved photometric attributes including CIE coordinates, CCT and color purity confirmed the green glow, indicating a strong competitor for cool-green emission in lighting applications.

Computational and optoelectronic investigations of red-emissive europium (III) ß-diketonate with n-donor ligands for display applications.

Europium complexes exhibiting red luminescence were prepared by employing ß-diketone as main ligand and 1,10-phenanthroline as an additional ligand. Various methods, including 1H NMR, IR spectroscopy and analysis of optical band gap were employed to examine these complexes. The luminescent photophysical properties were investigated using PL spectroscopy and theoretical calculations were conducted to explore radiative transitions probabilities and Judd-Ofelt (J-O) parameters for transitions of type 5D0 → 7F2, 4. J-O parameters were determined using the JOES computer program and results were in good agreement with the outcomes obtained experimentally. The luminescence analysis results have verified the vibrant, single-color red emission of the prepared complexes. The band gap of ternary europium complexes, determined optically, electronically, and theoretically, falls within the range of 3-4 eV. This similarity indicates that these complexes are potentially suitable as semiconductor materials. The results from absorption, electrochemical and photophysical analyses indicate the potential use of synthesized complexes in lighting and display applications.

Pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole fused spirooxindole-linked 1,2,3-triazoles as antioxidant agents: Exploring their utility in the development of antidiabetic drugs via inhibition of α-amylase and DPP4 activity.

Environment-benign, multicomponent synthetic methodologies are vital in modern pharmaceutical research and facilitates multi-targeted drug development via synergistic approach. Herein, we reported green and efficient synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole fused spirooxindole linked 1,2,3-triazoles using a tea waste supported copper catalyst (TWCu). The synthetic approach involves a one-pot, five-component reaction using N-propargylated isatin, hydrazine hydrate, ethyl acetoacetate, malononitrile/ethyl cyanoacetate and aryl azides as model substrates. Mechanistically, the reaction was found to proceed via in situ pyrazolone formation followed by Knoevenagel condensation, azide alkyne cycloaddition and Michael's addition reactions. The molecules were developed using structure-based drug design. The primary goal is to identifying anti-oxidant molecules with potential ability to modulate α-amylase and DPP4 (dipeptidyl-peptidase 4) activity. The anti-oxidant analysis, as determined via DPPH, suggested that the synthesized compounds, A6 and A10 possessed excellent anti-oxidant potential compared to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). In contrast, compounds A3, A5, A8, A9, A13, A15, and A18 were found to possess comparable anti-oxidant potential. Among these, A3 and A13 possessed potential α-amylase inhibitory activity compared to the acarbose, and A3 further emerged as dual inhibitors of both DPP4 and α-amylase with anti-oxidant potential. The relationship of functionalities on their anti-oxidant and enzymatic inhibition was explored in context to their SAR that was further corroborated using in silico techniques and enzyme kinetics.

Developments in conducting polymer-, metal oxide-, and carbon nanotube-based composite electrode materials for supercapacitors: a review.

Supercapacitors are the latest development in the field of energy storage devices (ESDs). A lot of research has been done in the last few decades to increase the performance of supercapacitors. The electrodes of supercapacitors are modified by composite materials based on conducting polymers, metal oxide nanoparticles, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, MXenes, chalcogenides, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), etc. In comparison to rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors have advantages such as quick charging and high power density. This review is focused on the progress in the development of electrode materials for supercapacitors using composite materials based on conducting polymers, graphene, metal oxide nanoparticles/nanofibres, and CNTs. Moreover, we investigated different types of ESDs as well as their electrochemical energy storage mechanisms and kinetic aspects. We have also discussed the classification of different types of SCs; advantages and drawbacks of SCs and other ESDs; and the use of nanofibres, carbon, CNTs, graphene, metal oxide-nanofibres, and conducting polymers as electrode materials for SCs. Furthermore, modifications in the development of different types of SCs such as pseudo-capacitors, hybrid capacitors, and electrical double-layer capacitors are discussed in detail; both electrolyte-based and electrolyte-free supercapacitors are taken into consideration. This review will help in designing and fabricating high-performance supercapacitors with high energy density and power output, which will act as an alternative to Li-ion batteries in the future.

A green light emissive LaSr2AlO5:Er3+ nanocrystalline material for solid state lighting: crystal phase refinement and down-conversion photoluminescence with high thermal stability.

The present study reveals the structural and optoelectronic characteristics of a down-converted (DC) green luminous Er3+ doped LaSr2AlO5 phosphor that was produced by employing an efficient and reliable gel-combustion process assisted with urea as a fuel. Using Rietveld refinement of diffraction data, the crystal structure and phase formation were examined. The surface morphology and elemental configuration of the phosphor were analyzed via TEM and EDX spectroscopy, respectively. The band gap of LaSr2AlO5 (5.97 eV) and optimized La0.96Sr2AlO5:4 mol% Er3+ (5.51 eV) classify the optimized sample as a direct band-gap material. The PL peaks located in the visible range corresponding to transitions 2H9/2 → 4I15/2 (406 nm), 2H11/2 → 4I15/2 (520 nm), 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 (550 nm), and 4F9/ 2 → 4I15/2 (665 nm) were revealed by photoluminescence spectroscopy under 377 nm excitation. Above 4 mol% Er3+ doping, concentration quenching was observed, which was controlled by the quadrupole-quadrupole interaction. Based on the findings of the double exponential fitting of lifetime curves acquired from the emission spectra at λex = 377 nm and λem = 550 nm, the average lifetime of the excited levels of considered nanomaterials was estimated. The temperature-dependent emission spectra of the La0.96Sr2AlO5:4 mol% Er3+ sample were collected in the range 298-498 K. The considered phosphor was found to have a high thermal stability as evidenced by the luminous intensity being sustained at 74.29% at 498 K compared to the intensity at ambient temperature (298 K) with an activation energy of 0.1453 eV. The calculated color purity and superb chromaticity coordinates indicates that the phosphors have a high degree of color purity, which further supports its applicability as a green component in solid-state lighting.

α-amylase inhibition and in silico studies of novel naphtho[2,3-d]imidazole-4,9-dione linked N-acyl hydrazones.

Aim: To enrich the pool of α-amylase inhibitors to manage Type 2 diabetes. Methods: Synthesis, conformational study, α-amylase inhibitory action and various in silico studies of novel N'-(arylbenzylidene)-2-(4,9-dioxo-4,9-dihydro-1H-naphtho[2,3-d]imidazol-1-yl)acetohydrazides carried out. Results: Compound H6 demonstrated the highest activity (IC50 = 0.0437 µmol mL-1) among the tested compounds. Structure-activity relationship study suggested that variable substitution at the aryl ring has a pivotal role in determining the inhibitory action of tested compounds. Docking simulations of the most active compound (H6) confirmed its interaction potential with active site residues of A. oryzae α-amylase. The root-mean-square deviation fluctuations substantiated the stability of protein-ligand complex. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion prediction revealed optimal values for absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion parameters. Conclusion: The developed molecules could be beneficial for the development of novel α-amylase inhibitors to treat Type 2 diabetes.

Partial Deoxygenative CO Homocoupling by a Diiron Complex.

One route to address climate change is converting carbon dioxide to synthetic carbon-neutral fuels. Whereas carbon dioxide to CO conversion has precedent in homo- and heterogeneous catalysis, deoxygenative coupling of CO to products with C-C bonds-as in liquid fuels-remains challenging. Here, we report coupling of two CO molecules by a diiron complex. Reduction of Fe2 (CO)2 L (2), where L2- is a bis(ß-diketiminate) cyclophane, gives [K(THF)5 ][Fe2 (CO)2 L] (3), which undergoes silylation to Fe2 (CO)(COSiMe3 )L (4). Subsequent C-OSiMe3 bond cleavage and C=C bond formation occurs upon reduction of 4, yielding Fe2 (µ-CCO)L. CO derived ligands in this series mediate weak exchange interactions with the ketenylidene affording the smallest J value, with changes to local metal ion spin states and coupling schemes (ferro- vs. antiferromagnetism) based on DFT calculations, Mössbauer and EPR spectroscopy. Finally, reaction of 5 with KEt3 BH or methanol releases the C2 O2- ligand with retention of the diiron core.

Thiazolidinedione-triazole conjugates: design, synthesis and probing of the α-amylase inhibitory potential.

Aim: The primary objective of this investigation was the synthesis, spectral interpretation and evaluation of the α-amylase inhibition of rationally designed thiazolidinedione-triazole conjugates (7a-7aa). Materials & methods: The designed compounds were synthesized by stirring a mixture of thiazolidine-2,4-dione, propargyl bromide, cinnamaldehyde and azide derivatives in polyethylene glycol-400. The α-amylase inhibitory activity of the synthesized conjugates was examined by integrating in vitro and in silico studies. Results: The investigated derivatives exhibited promising α-amylase inhibitory activity, with IC50 values ranging between 0.028 and 0.088 µmol ml-1. Various computational approaches were employed to get detailed information about the inhibition mechanism. Conclusion: The thiazolidinedione-triazole conjugate 7p, with IC50 = 0.028 µmol ml-1, was identified as the best hit for inhibiting α-amylase.

Renal Manifestations of Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Syndrome: A Systematic Review of 71 Cases.

Unlike other adverse drug reactions, visceral organ involvement is a prominent feature of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome and correlates with mortality. The aim of this study was to systematically review cases published in PubMed-indexed, peer-reviewed journals in which patients had renal injury during the episode of DRESS syndrome (DS). We found 71 cases, of which 67 were adults and 56% were males. Female sex was associated with higher mortality. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was present in 14% of patients who developed acute kidney injury (AKI) during DS. In 21% of cases, the kidneys were the only visceral organ involved, while 54% of patients had both liver and kidney involvement. Eosinophilia was absent in 24% of patients. The most common classes of medication associated with renal injury in DS were antibiotics in 34%, xanthine oxidase inhibitors in 15%, and anticonvulsants in 11%. Among antibiotics, vancomycin was the most common culprit in 68% of patients. AKI was the most common renal manifestation reported in 96% of cases, while isolated proteinuria or hematuria was present in only 4% of cases. In cases with AKI, 88% had isolated increase in creatinine and decrease in glomerular filtration (GFR), 27% had AKI concomitantly with proteinuria, 18% had oliguria, and 13% had concomitant AKI with hematuria. Anuria was the rarest manifestation, occurring in only 4% of patients with DS. Temporary renal replacement therapy was needed in 30% of cases, and all but one patient fully recovered renal function. Mortality of DS in this cohort was 13%, which is higher than previously reported. Medication class, latency period, or pre-existing CKD were not found to be associated with higher mortality. More research, particularly prospective studies, is needed to better recognize the risks associated with renal injury in patients with DS. The development of disease-specific biomarkers would also be useful so DS with renal involvement can be easier distinguished from other eosinophilic diseases that might affect the kidney.

Clinical Characteristics of 96 Patients Presenting With Hematogenous Spinal Osteomyelitis- a Retrospective Study.

OBJECTIVE: To report clinical characteristics and course of care for patients diagnosed with hematogenous spinal osteomyelitis (HVO). METHODS: Medical records of patients presenting to two tertiary care centers with HVO were reviewed. RESULTS: 96 consecutive patients with HVO were identified. Mean follow-up was 8.9 months. Most infections occurred in the lumbar region (50.0%). Of the cultures taken, MRSA accounted for 9%; MSSA, 26%; Streptococcus species, 12%; other gram-positive bacteria, 23%; gram-negative, 17%; fungal, 2.6%; and 11.5% of cultures returned no growth. 57 patients underwent surgery. Of these, 79% of the patients had undergone a trial of empiric antibiotics (cefepime and vancomycin) of the day prior to surgery. 44% underwent secondary surgeries, typically due to a heavy wound burden of necrotic tissue and pus. Postoperative antibiotics were prescribed to all patients. 51.6% of the patients were prescribed antibiotic therapy >6 months. Overall mortality rate was 3.8%. Major cause of all deaths was septic shock. Post-infection sequelae occurred in 47.4% of patients. The most common sequelae were persistent or new sites of infection, sepsis, and abscess. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes, hypertension, and renal failure appear to increase the risk of post-infection sequelae and death. While non-operative management was attempted in nearly 47%, ultimately 73% had surgery. This high rate may reflect our population of patients hospitalized in a tertiary care center. Available data suggests that patients presenting with hematogenous osteomyelitis be followed closely as failure of non-operative management, and resulting morbidity, was high.

Structural, morphological, and optical characteristics of Gd2 Si2 O7 :Dy3+ nanophosphors for WLEDs.

Yellowish-white light-emitting Gd2-x Si2 O7 :xDy3+ (x = 1-5 mol%) nanophosphors were prepared using a solution combustion synthesis method. Fluorescence spectrophotometry and X-ray diffraction measurements were performed to scrutinize the optical performances and phase recognition of the designated nanophosphors. The outcomes specified that the prepared phosphors were crystallized into a triclinic phase with a P-1 space group. As the concentration of Dy3+ ions was increased, the unit-cell volume decrease proportionally due to the replacement of large-sized Gd3+ by small-sized Dy3+ ions. Under ultraviolet excitation at 349 nm, emission spectra consisted of two pronounced emission lines at ~482 nm (blue line), ~578 nm (yellow line), and a relatively weaker emission at ~670 nm (red line) due to 4 F9/2 →6 H15/2 , 4 F9/2 →6 H13/2 , and 4 F9/2 →6 H11/2 intraconfigurational transitions of Dy3+ ions, respectively. The evidence about the site symmetry around Dy3+ ions was examined by considering the ratio of yellow-to-blue emission intensity. The observed critical distance (Rc ) value was ~20.56 Å (≫5 Å), which signified that energy transfer primarily occurred due to multipolar interaction. The obtained coordinates were close to the white region of the Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage chromaticity diagram, which marked a significant milestone in the development of white light-emitting diodes.