Copper oxide nanosheets as an effective nanozyme with haloperoxidase-like activity for the colorimetric detection of H2O2 and glucose.

Copper oxide nanosheets (CuO NSs) have been successfully obtained by exploiting an effective one-step approach of sugar-blowing method followed by calcination. The nanosheets were characterized by several techniques like X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Impressively, CuO NSs display haloperoxidase (HPO) like catalytic activity which catalyses the oxidation of chloride ions by H2O2 giving rise to reactive chlorine species (RCS). A sensitive and selective colorimetric sensor was then demonstrated via the oxidation of chromogenic substrate 3,3',5,5'- tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by the novel nanoenzyme CuO NSs through the generation of RCS for H2O2 and glucose detection with limit of detection of 109 nM and 21 nM in the linear ranges of 4.6 µM to 769 µM and 0.22 µM to 19.57 µM respectively. Additionally, the methodology is validated for the analysis of glucose in real samples.

Medicine Versus Religion: A Religio-Cultural Study of Death and Dying in Contemporary Kashian Society.

The religious context of death has deep implications in shaping the phenomenon of death for the denizens of Kashi. The present paper argues that religious understanding of death confronts the medical issue(s) in the contemporary scenario. To explore the abysmal religio-cultural underpinning(s) of the episteme of death and dying in the era of hegemonic medical technologies is the purpose of this study. Further, it will discuss the enigma of death and dying and will represent some insights into it from the vantage point of religion.

Confocal laser scanning microscopic investigation of ultrasonic, sonic, and rotary sealer placement techniques.

BACKGROUND: Sealers are used to attain an impervious seal between the core material and root canal walls. AIM: To compare the depth and percentage of sealer penetration with three different placement techniques using confocal laser scanning microscopy as the evaluative tool. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Root canals of 30 single-rooted teeth were prepared to a size of F3 and AH plus sealer with Rhodamine B was applied with Ultlrasonic file (Gr-1), lentulospiral (Gr-2), and Endoactivator (Gr-3). Canals were obturated with gutta-percha. The roots were sectioned at the 3 and 6-mm levels from the apical foramen and were examined on a confocal microscope. RESULTS: A statistical significant differences among Gr-1, Gr-2, and Gr-3 were found at the 3 and 6-mm level (P < 0.05; ANOVA-Tukey tests) for the depth and percentage of sealer penetration except for Gr-1 and Gr-2 at 3-mm level. Gr-1 showed maximum mean depth of penetration (810 µm) and maximum mean percentage of sealer penetration (64.5) while Gr-3 showed minimum mean depth of penetration (112.7 µm) and minimum mean percentage of sealer penetration (26.7). CONCLUSION: Depth and percentage of penetration of sealer is influenced by the type of placement technique and by the root canal level with penetration decreasing apically.