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1.
J Periodontol ; 87(11): 1352-1359, 2016 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27442086

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: An antiplaque agent with minimal side effects that can be used as an effective adjunct to mechanical plaque control is needed. The current study is designed to evaluate efficacy of triphala (TRP) mouthwash in reduction of plaque and gingivitis. METHODS: Ninety individuals with chronic generalized gingivitis were randomly assigned to three groups: 1) group I, placebo mouthwash; 2) group II, TRP mouthwash; and 3) group III, chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash. All individuals were instructed to rinse with their respective mouthwash twice daily. 1) Plaque index (PI); 2) gingival index (GI); 3) oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S); and 4) microbiologic colony counts were recorded at baseline and at 7, 30, and 60 days. RESULTS: All three groups showed gradual reduction in PI, GI, and OHI-S levels from baseline to 7, 30, and 60 days. There was also significant reduction in microbial counts in all groups at all time intervals except in group I. A significant difference was noticed with respect to reduction in PI, GI, OHI-S, and microbiologic counts in group I compared with groups II and III. However, no significant differences were found between groups II and III for any parameters at any time intervals. CONCLUSIONS: TRP mouthwash was found to decrease inflammatory parameters from baseline to follow-up intervals. Because improvement in gingivitis was comparable with that of CHX mouthwash, TRP mouthwash can be considered a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of gingivitis.


Subject(s)
Chlorhexidine/therapeutic use , Gingivitis/diet therapy , Mouthwashes/therapeutic use , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Adult , Dental Plaque , Dental Plaque Index , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Periodontal Index
2.
J Periodontol ; 87(9): 1039-46, 2016 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27294433

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), a second-generation platelet concentrate, and atorvastatin (ATV), a potent member of the statin group, are known to promote tissue regeneration. The current study is designed to evaluate combined efficacy of PRF and 1.2% ATV gel with open flap debridement (OFD) in treatment of intrabony defects (IBDs) in individuals with chronic periodontitis (CP). METHODS: Ninety-six individuals with single defects were categorized into three groups: 1) OFD with PRF; 2) OFD with PRF + 1.2% ATV; and 3) OFD alone. Clinical parameters: 1) site-specific plaque index; 2) modified sulcus bleeding index; 3) probing depth (PD); 4) relative clinical attachment level (rCAL); and 5) gingival marginal level were recorded at baseline before surgery and 9 months postoperatively. Percentage radiographic IBD depth reduction was evaluated at baseline and 9 months. RESULTS: PRF + 1.2% ATV and PRF alone showed significantly greater PD reduction and rCAL gain compared with OFD alone at 9 months. Furthermore, PRF + 1.2% ATV showed a similar percentage radiographic defect depth reduction (50.96% ± 4.88%) compared with PRF alone (47.91% ± 4.79%), and a greater reduction compared with OFD alone (5.54% ± 1.71%) at 9 months. CONCLUSIONS: PRF + 1.2% ATV showed similar improvements in clinical parameters with a greater percentage radiographic defect depth reduction compared with PRF alone in treatment of IBDs in individuals with CP. Thus, 1.2% ATV failed to augment the regenerative potential of PRF alone in periodontal IBDs.


Subject(s)
Atorvastatin/therapeutic use , Chronic Periodontitis/therapy , Platelet-Rich Fibrin , Alveolar Bone Loss , Fibrin , Humans
3.
J Investig Clin Dent ; 7(2): 174-9, 2016 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25388853

ABSTRACT

AIM: A highly-regulated form of programmed cell death is apoptosis, and its perturbation has been associated with periodontal disease. Caspase-3 is one of the key executioners of apoptosis. The present study was designed to evaluate and correlate the levels of caspase-3 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum in participants with clinically-healthy periodontium, gingivitis, and chronic periodontitis (CP). METHODS: Forty-four sex- and age-matched participants were enrolled into three groups based on clinical parameters. Group 1 participants had clinically-healthy periodontium, group 2 participants had gingivitis, and group 3 participants had CP. GCF and serum samples were collected to evaluate the levels of caspase-3. RESULTS: The mean caspase-3 concentration in GCF and serum was highest in group 3, followed by group 2, and was significantly correlated with gingival index, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). CONCLUSION: GCF and the serum concentration of caspase-3 proportionally increases with the progression of periodontal disease, that is, gingival inflammation, PD, and CAL.


Subject(s)
Apoptosis , Caspase 3/physiology , Gingival Crevicular Fluid , Gingivitis/enzymology , Humans , Periodontal Attachment Loss , Periodontal Index , Periodontal Pocket , Periodontitis
4.
Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen ; 29(6): 498-502, 2014 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25214647

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare periodontal health status in individuals with and without Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: A total of 58 individuals with AD and 60 cognitively normal (ND) adult individuals, ranging in age from 50 to 80 years, were assessed for periodontal health status. Individuals with AD were further divided as mild, moderate, and severe, based on degree of cognitive impairment as evaluated using Mini-Mental State Examination. Gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and percentage of bleeding sites (%BOP) were evaluated. RESULTS: All the evaluated periodontal parameters were higher in individuals with AD than that in ND individuals, and the periodontal status deteriorated with the progression of AD. There were significant differences in mean GI, PI, PD, CAL, and %BOP between all the groups. CONCLUSION: The periodontal health status of individuals with AD deteriorates with disease progression and was closely related to their cognitive function.


Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/complications , Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Dental Plaque Index , Disease Progression , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Periodontal Index , Physical Examination , Severity of Illness Index , Tooth Loss/complications , Tooth Loss/diagnosis
5.
Inflamm Res ; 63(4): 317-23, 2014 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24378957

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the levels and correlation of human S100A12 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum in chronic periodontitis (CP) subjects with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 44 subjects were divided into three groups: group 1 had 10 periodontally healthy subjects, group 2 consisted of 17 CP subjects and group 3 had 17 type 2 DM subjects with CP. GCF and serum levels of human S100A12 and hs-CRP were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoturbidimetric analysis, respectively. The clinical outcomes evaluated were gingival index, probing depth and clinical attachment level and the correlations of the two inflammatory mediators with clinical parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: Both human S100A12 and hs-CRP levels increased from group 1 to group 2 to group 3. The GCF and serum values of both these inflammatory mediators correlated positively with each other and with the periodontal parameters evaluated (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Human S100A12 and hs-CRP can be considered as possible GCF and serum markers of inflammatory activity in CP and DM.


Subject(s)
C-Reactive Protein/analysis , Chronic Periodontitis/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism , Gingival Crevicular Fluid/metabolism , S100 Proteins/metabolism , Adult , Biomarkers/blood , Biomarkers/metabolism , Chronic Periodontitis/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , S100A12 Protein
6.
J Int Acad Periodontol ; 16(3): 67-77, 2014 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25654959

ABSTRACT

AIM: To evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of systemic levofloxacin (LFX) in subjects with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans-associated chronic periodontitis (AA-ACP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects with severe periodontitis with subgingival detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans were randomly divided into two treatment groups; a test group (n = 35) that received scaling and root planing (SRP) and LFX (500 mg o.d.) and a control group (n = 34) that received SRP and placebo (o.d.) for 10 days. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), percent of sites with bleeding on probing (% BoP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded and subgingival plaque samples were cultivated for detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans at baseline to 6 months at various intervals. RESULTS: Subjects receiving LFX showed the greatest improvements in mean PD and CAL. The difference in the reduction of PD and CAL in the two groups was significant at 1, 3 and 6 months for PD and 3 and 6 months for CAL (p < 0.05). The inter-group difference in PI, GI and % BoP was not significant at any interval. Detectable levels of A. actinomycetemcomitans were significantly less in the test group 3 and 6 months post-therapy. CONCLUSION: Systemic LFX as an adjunct to SRP improves clinical outcomes and suppresses A. actinomycetemcomitans below detectable levels.


Subject(s)
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Chronic Periodontitis/microbiology , Levofloxacin/therapeutic use , Pasteurellaceae Infections/drug therapy , Adult , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/isolation & purification , Bacterial Load/drug effects , Chronic Periodontitis/drug therapy , Combined Modality Therapy , Dental Plaque/microbiology , Dental Plaque Index , Dental Scaling/methods , Double-Blind Method , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Gingival Hemorrhage/drug therapy , Gingival Hemorrhage/microbiology , Humans , Male , Periodontal Attachment Loss/drug therapy , Periodontal Attachment Loss/microbiology , Periodontal Index , Periodontal Pocket/drug therapy , Periodontal Pocket/microbiology , Placebos , Root Planing/methods , Treatment Outcome
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