ABSTRACT
Cell-mediated immunity (CMI), which includes T-cells (both T helper and cytotoxic), is critical for effective antiviral defenses against coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). To better understand the immunological characteristics of CD markers on T-cells in post-COVID-19 patients, we investigated the expression of differential CD markers in the patient groups in this study. Flow cytometry was used to quantify total lymphocyte count and assess the levels of expression of CD markers in the samples. The percentage of Lymphocytes decreased significantly in the post-SARS-COV-2 patients in comparison to normal subjects, which is usually happening in any viral infection. In contrast to that, expression of CD8 was increased in the patient group having long SARS-COV-2 infection with comorbid complications with respect to the normal individuals and long SARS-COV-2 infection without comorbid complications. This data revealed that the cellular immunological responses corroborated with an earlier report of COVID-19 infection were mediated by CD8 upregulation and cytotoxic T lymphocyte hyperactivation.
ABSTRACT
Rapid advancements of information and communication technology in the form of electronic mails, mobile phones, social networking sites, etc have an increasing impact on people's day to day life. It has been observed that these readily available applications are used frequently to express suicidal intentions. There are many studies on conventional handwritten suicide notes but suicide note in electronic format is an emerging issue and an under-researched phenomena. The authors have termed it as "E-suicide note" and discuss its medico-legal implications in India with examples from their observations.
