ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationships of strenuous and hazardous working conditions and rotating shifts that involve night working with life expectancy in good perceived health and life expectancy without chronic disease. METHODS: The sample contained male gas and electricity workers from the French GAZEL cohort (n=13â 393). Six measures of physical working conditions were examined: Self-reports from 1989 and 1990 of ergonomic strain, physical danger, rotating shifts that involve night working and perceived physical strain; company records of workplace injuries and a job-exposure matrix of chemical exposures. Partial healthy life expectancies (age 50-75) relating to (1) self-rated health and (2) chronic health conditions, obtained from annual questionnaires (1989-2014) and company records, were estimated using multistate life tables. The analyses were adjusted for social class and occupational grade. RESULTS: Participants with physically strenuous jobs and who had experienced industrial injuries had shorter partial life expectancy. More physically demanding and dangerous work was associated with fewer years of life spent in good self-rated health and without chronic conditions, with the exception of shift work including nights, where the gradient was reversed. CONCLUSIONS: Strenuous and hazardous work may contribute to lost years of good health in later life, which has implications for individuals' quality of life as well as healthcare use and labour market participation.
Subject(s)
Gases/adverse effects , Health Status , Inhalation Exposure/adverse effects , Life Expectancy , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Aged , Chronic Disease/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , France/epidemiology , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Occupational Injuries/epidemiology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Work Schedule ToleranceABSTRACT
Length of stay (LOS) in hospital for inpatient treatment is a measure of crucial recovery time. Using nationwide data on inpatient healthcare in India, a three-component finite mixture negative binomial model was found to provide a reasonable fit to the heterogeneous LOS distribution. Associated risk factors for short-stay, medium-stay and long-stay subgroups were identified from the respective negative binomial components. In addition, significant heterogeneities within each group were also found.
Subject(s)
Length of Stay/economics , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , India , Male , Models, Statistical , Regression Analysis , Risk Factors , Rural Population , Socioeconomic Factors , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
Improving household use of healthcare facilities is a vital public health strategy to reduce burden of disease in India. Our study set out to understand the importance of the interplay of household characteristics and state-level public health covariates in accessing inpatient healthcare services. The study is based on morbidity and healthcare data from the 60th round of the Indian National Sample Survey Organisation, 2004. We used multilevel logistic regression to disentangle dependence among the observations. We observed that the education level of household heads and the household's economic well-being had a significant positive influence on accessing inpatient healthcare services. Distance from the household to the health facility showed a significant inverse association with use of health facilities for inpatient treatment. Further, we found a significant variation across the states. Variability in accessing inpatient services at the household and state levels are 1.7% and 21% respectively.
