ABSTRACT
Application of priming principle is well documented in relation to the use of muscle relaxants. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of priming technique in relation to induction agents. Clinical efficacy in terms of dose reduction and alteration in peri-intubation haemodynamics was compared in propofol auto-co-induction and midazolam propofol co-induction groups along with a control group. The study was carried out in 90 patients scheduled for upper abdominal surgery, who were randomly divided into three equal groups. Group I received 0.5 mg/kg propofol IV (20% of the pre-calculated induction dose), group II received 0.05 mg/kg IV midazolam and group III received 3 ml of normal saline. This was followed by IV induction with propofol 2 minutes later in all the three groups at a predetermined rate till the bispectral index value of 45 was attained. The results showed a significant decrease in induction dose requirement in both the groups but haemodynamic stability during induction and intubation was more in propofol auto-co-induction group.
ABSTRACT
This study presents a systematic approach for developing motion-damage relationships that does not rely either on heuristics or on empirical data. Instead, the probability of damage is estimated by quantifying the response of structure subjected to a significant ensemble of ground motions with a wide range of parameter variations. The quantification of the structural response also includes the variability in structural parameters. For this purpose, a Monte Carlo simulation approach is used to determine the probabilities of structural damage, and the ensemble of ground motions is generated using an appropriate model for ground motion simulation. The models for ground motion simulation include the stationary Gaussian model with modulating funtions and the autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models. The Latin hypercube technique is used to increase the efficiency of the Monte Carlo simulation.(AU)
