Rare Enlargement of Genial Tubercles and its Management: A Case Report.

Genial tubercles are tiny bony projections located bilaterally around the lingual foramen, on the lingual surface of the mandible giving attachment to geniohyoid inferiorly & genioglossus superiorly. Due to delayed prosthetic rehabilitation & lack of balanced mastication excessive resorption of alveolar processes take place thereby leaving genial tubercles as elevated bony projections. This may pose problems in speech, deglutition & prosthetic rehabilitation. Excessive mobility of tongue may also contribute to enlargement of genial tubercles to such an extent that they may extend beyond the crest of alveolar ridges leaving them vulnerable to spontaneous fracture. This report presents a rare case of excessive enlargement of genial tubercles and its surgical management using a novel technique. This technique not only addresses the removal of the enlarged genial tubercles but also aims at reattachment of muscles attached to these tubercles, in a simple non morbid manner.

Role of trabecular bone in visibility of laminadura: A cross-sectional radiographic study.

AIM: To determine the degree to which trabecular bone contributes to the radiographic visibility of laminadura (LD). STUDY DESIGN: Human dry mandibles were obtained, and a series of radiographs were acquired in the premolar region. Radiographs taken were: (1) Before removal of any bone, (2) After removal of small amount of cortical bone at the apex of tooth, (3) Removal of trabecular bone, (4) Smoothing of endosteal surface of cortical bone. The radiographs were projected to a panel of six oral radiologists, and they were asked to judge the visibility of LD. RESULTS: Chi-square analysis revealed a significant radiographic difference between radiographs made initially and after removal of trabecular bone, cortical bone and smoothing the endosteal surface of cortical bone. CONCLUSION: There was statistically significant difference in the visibility of loss of LD when trabecular bone is lost. LD can be visible only if the endosteal surface of the cortical bone and trabecular bone is intact.

Effect of unintentional periapical extrusion of metapex in immature teeth- a case report.

The paper discusses a case of an immature premolar tooth with a large periapical lesion, in which Metapex (calcium hydroxide paste containing iodoform and barium sulphate as a radiopacifier) was used. There was an un-intentional extrusion of calcium hydroxide during application. The patient was evaluated for periapical healing at 12 and 24 months. The follow up revealed that the accidental extrusion of metapex did not have any detrimental effect on periapical healing. However, delayed resorption of Metapex as well as healing of the periapical lesion may be attributed to the presence of BaSO4 and iodoform as compared to plain Calcium hydroxide.

Segmental neurofibromatosis.

Segmental neurofibromatosis is a rare disorder, characterized by neurofibromas or cafι-au-lait macules limited to one region of the body. Its occurrence on the face is extremely rare and only few cases of segmental neurofibromatosis over the face have been described so far. We present a case of segmental neurofibromatosis involving the buccal mucosa, tongue, cheek, ear, and neck on the right side of the face.

Prevalence of traumatic dental injuries and role of incisal overjet andinadequate lip coverage as risk factors among 4-15 years old governmentschool children in Baddi-Barotiwala Area, Himachal Pradesh, India

Objective: To assess the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in school children in Baddi- Barotiwala,Himachal Pradesh, India.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in Government schools among 1059 government school childrenaged 4- 15 years. The study was conducted from October 2009 to March 2010 during the school hours. The demographic detail was carried on a structured questionnaire. The data regarding the traumatic injuries was recorded using modified Ellis’ classification.Results: Prevalence of TDI was found to be 4.15 %. 95.45% of the injuries were to the maxillary anterior teeth.Maxillary central incisor was the most common tooth to be affected due to trauma (54.5 %). Enamel with dentinfracture with pulp exposure was the main type of TDI (43.1%). The majority of TDIs were untreated (97.7 %).Falls (54.5%) were found to be the main cause. Over jet over 3 mm and inadequate lip coverage were found to beimportant contributing factors for TDIs.Conclusion: The present study revealed a relatively low prevalence of dental trauma, but still this figure represents a large number of children. Therefore, educational programs are to be initiated for the community regarding causes, prevention and treatment of traumatic dental injuries. It is crucial to generate considerable efforts to implement health promotion strategies to reverse the observed trends and to provide treatment to TDIs to prevent their biologic and psychological consequences (AU)

In vitro evaluation of marginal leakage using invasive and noninvasive technique of light cure glass ionomer and flowable polyacid modified composite resin used as pit and fissure sealant.

AIM: This study compared the microleakage of light cure glass ionomer and flowable compomer as pit and fissure sealant, with and without tooth preparation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred premolars that were extracted for orthodontic purpose were used. After adequate storage and surface debridement, the teeth were randomly divided into four groups. In Group I and III, the occlusal surfaces were left intact, while in Group II and Group IV, tooth surfaces were prepared. Teeth in Group I and Group II were sealed with Light cure glass ionomer, whereas flowable compomer was used to seal teeth in Group III and IV. The sealed teeth were then immersed in dye. Subsequently, buccolingual sections were made and each section was examined under stereomicroscope for microleakage followed by scoring. RESULTS: In group I, microleakage score ranged from 2 to 4 with mean of 3.64 (±0.757), while in group II the range was observed to be 1-4 with mean of 2.88 (±1.236). Group III recorded a range of 0-4 with the mean of 2.20 (±1.443) while 0-2 and 0.60 (±0.707) being the range and mean observed, respectively, for group IV. CONCLUSION: Flowable compomer placed after tooth preparation showed better penetration and less marginal leakage than the light cure glass ionomer.

Prevalence of traumatic dental injuries and role of incisal overjet and inadequate lip coverage as risk factors among 4-15 years old government school children in Baddi-Barotiwala Area, Himachal Pradesh, India.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in school children in Baddi- Barotiwala, Himachal Pradesh, India. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in Government schools among 1059 government school children aged 4- 15 years. The study was conducted from October 2009 to March 2010 during the school hours. The demographic detail was carried on a structured questionnaire. The data regarding the traumatic injuries was recorded using modified Ellis' classification. RESULTS: Prevalence of TDI was found to be 4.15 %. 95.45% of the injuries were to the maxillary anterior teeth. Maxillary central incisor was the most common tooth to be affected due to trauma (54.5 %). Enamel with dentin fracture with pulp exposure was the main type of TDI (43.1%). The majority of TDIs were untreated (97.7 %). Falls (54.5%) were found to be the main cause. Over jet over 3 mm and inadequate lip coverage were found to be important contributing factors for TDIs. CONCLUSION: The present study revealed a relatively low prevalence of dental trauma, but still this figure represents a large number of children. Therefore, educational programs are to be initiated for the community regarding causes, prevention and treatment of traumatic dental injuries. It is crucial to generate considerable efforts to implement health promotion strategies to reverse the observed trends and to provide treatment to TDIs to prevent their biologic and psychological consequences.

Significance of pre-treatment panoramic radiographic assessmentof edentulous patients-A Survey

Objectives: The present study was undertaken to review the significance of pre-treatment panoramic radiographicassessment of edentulous patients, in the dental patient population of Haryana, India.Study Design: In this study a total of 525 completely edentulous patients were selected randomly. A panoramicradiograph was taken using Panoramic machine (Rotagraph plus) and all the radiographs were evaluated by 2 oralradiology specialists for the following clinically significant radiographic findings: retained root fragments, embeddedteeth, radiolucencies, radiopacities and location of the mental foramen at the crest of the residual alveolarridge. The data were analyzed using the chi square test.Results: A total of 245 radiographic findings were seen in 168 (32%) patients. Out of total 525 cases 16.4% (n=86)patients had submucosal or intrabony root stumps, 4.8% (n=25) had embedded teeth, 2.5% (n=13) had radiolucencies,9.9% (n=52) had radiopacities and 1.7% (n=9) had mental foramen at the crest of the residual alveolar ridge.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that Routine radiographic examination of completely edentulouspatients is critical before construction of complete denture(AU)

Significance of pre-treatment panoramic radiographic assessment of edentulous patients--a survey.

OBJECTIVES: The present study was undertaken to review the significance of pre-treatment panoramic radiographic assessment of edentulous patients, in the dental patient population of Haryana, India. STUDY DESIGN: In this study a total of 525 completely edentulous patients were selected randomly. A panoramic radiograph was taken using Panoramic machine (Rotagraph plus) and all the radiographs were evaluated by 2 oral radiology specialists for the following clinically significant radiographic findings: retained root fragments, embedded teeth, radiolucencies, radiopacities and location of the mental foramen at the crest of the residual alveolar ridge. The data were analyzed using the chi square test. RESULTS: A total of 245 radiographic findings were seen in 168 (32%) patients. Out of total 525 cases 16.4% (n=86) patients had submucosal or intrabony root stumps, 4.8% (n=25) had embedded teeth, 2.5% (n=13) had radiolucencies, 9.9% (n=52) had radiopacities and 1.7% (n=9) had mental foramen at the crest of the residual alveolar ridge. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that Routine radiographic examination of completely edentulous patients is critical before construction of complete denture.