Estrogen and progesterone receptors in human gallbladder.

Gallbladder disease is more prevalent in women than men. Estrogen therapy has been associated with an increased incidence of gallbladder disease in both sexes. Further, increased progesterone levels have been implicated in impairment of gallbladder motility in pregnancy. Because sex hormones often exert their action through specific receptors, we investigated whether human gallbladder contains receptors for estrogen and progesterone. Binding of radiolabeled hormones in cytosol and nuclei prepared from human gallbladder of both sexes is indicative of the presence of receptors for both estrogen and progesterone. The binding is saturable, of high affinity and highly specific for its particular type of hormone but not other steroids. Fractionation of sodium molybdate-stabilized gallbladder cytosol on Sephadex G-100 demonstrates that the labeled hormones are not bound to defined proteins such as sex steroid binding globulin or albumin. These studies indicate that human gallbladder contains both estrogen and progesterone receptors, that the presence of these receptors may explain the sensitivity of gallbladder tissue to these hormones and that certain aspects of gallbladder function may be mediated by the interaction of steroid hormones with these receptors.

Estrogen binding proteins in male rat liver and other tissues.

Previous work in our laboratory has defined two estrogen binders in male rat liver cytosol, one a putative estrogen receptor found in both sexes, and the other a species unique to the male. We tested other tissues of male rats by gel filtration chromatography and estrogen binding studies to detect whether similar protein speus work in our laboratory has defined two estrogen binders in male rat liver cytosol, one a putative estrogen receptor found in both sexes, and the other a species unique to the male. We tested other tissues of male rats by gel filtration chromatography and estrogen binding studies to detect whether similar protein speus work in our laboratory has defined two estrogen binders in male rat liver cytosol, one a putative estrogen receptor found in both sexes, and the other a species unique to the male. We tested other tissues of male rats by gel filtration chromatography and estrogen binding studies to detect whether similar protein species were present. Several of the tissues assayed contained a high affinity receptor-like molecule: pancreas greater than liver greater than kidney greater than lung greater than testes greater than scrotal skin. This species could not be detected in spleen, jejunum, and epididymis. The same tissues were also assayed to detect the male-specific estrogen binding protein. This protein was undetectable in any other tissues examined and appears to be specific for liver tissue. Because of this tissue specificity, we have postulated a role for it as a mechanism for binding and possibly eliminating excess estrogen in the male.