Societal decisions about climate mitigation will have dramatic impacts on eutrophication in the 21st century.

Excessive nitrogen runoff leads to degraded water quality, harming human and ecosystem health. We examine the impact of changes in land use and land management for six combinations of socioeconomic pathways and climate outcomes, and find that societal choices will substantially impact riverine total nitrogen loading (+54% to -7%) for the continental United States by the end of the century. Regional impacts will be even larger. Increased loading is possible for both high emission and low emission pathways, due to increased food and biofuel demand, respectively. Some pathways, however, suggest that limiting climate change and eutrophication can be achieved concurrently. Precipitation changes will further exacerbate loading, resulting in a net increase of 1 to 68%. Globally, increases in cropland area and agricultural intensification will likely impact vast portions of Asia. Societal and climate trends must therefore both be considered in designing strategies for managing inland and coastal water quality.

Eutrophication will increase during the 21st century as a result of precipitation changes.

Eutrophication, or excessive nutrient enrichment, threatens water resources across the globe. We show that climate change-induced precipitation changes alone will substantially increase (19 ± 14%) riverine total nitrogen loading within the continental United States by the end of the century for the "business-as-usual" scenario. The impacts, driven by projected increases in both total and extreme precipitation, will be especially strong for the Northeast and the corn belt of the United States. Offsetting this increase would require a 33 ± 24% reduction in nitrogen inputs, representing a massive management challenge. Globally, changes in precipitation are especially likely to also exacerbate eutrophication in India, China, and Southeast Asia. It is therefore imperative that water quality management strategies account for the impact of projected future changes in precipitation on nitrogen loading.

Morphometric study of stratum corneum in leprosy.

Abnormalities in Stratum Corneum (SC) in leprosy lesions have been demonstrated as evidenced by poor hydration power of SC and increased SC turn-over. In continuation of the same study morphometric studies of the SC in leprosy was undertaken as per measurement of the Thickening of the SC, Mean epidermal thickness and Basal layer: Granular layer cell ratio (B : G ratio) of the H.E. stained tissues. Further, on freshly frozen tissues the SC cell-layers were also counted. The findings suggest increased proliferative activity of the epidermis which may lead to formation of defective SC in leprosy.

Leprous lesion with hyperpigmented border.

Two cases of leprosy--one Tuberculoid and the other Borderline are reported. The Tuberculoid patch shows sharply defined hyperpigmented border whereas in the Borderline patient, diffuse hyperpigmentation is present around the lesion. The cases are reported for documentation due to rare clinical pressentation.