ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND SETTING AND DESIGN: The chronicity, distress, high rates of comorbidity and varying degree of non response to treatment in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) may contribute to suicidal behavior. There is relatively little information on suicidal behavior in OCD subjects. Our study design is Single point non-invasive, cross sectional, clinical study of new and follow up cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Assessment of Suicidal Behavior in patients of OCD attending the adult Psychiatry O.P.D. of Chatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical University (CSMMU) U.P. Lucknow using (DSM-IV) criteria for diagnosis of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-I disorders, Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Rating Scale, Scale for Suicidal Ideation (SSI), Beck's Hopelessness Scale (BHS). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Mean standard deviation and t test for independent samples, Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were seen in the SSI score between the "Clinical" and "Sub-Clinical" cases with Clinical group having higher scores. Value of correlation coefficient between YBOCS score and SSI and BHS score is positive and statistically significant (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: "Clinical" group of patients had significantly higher scores of suicidal ideation measured by Scale of Suicidal Ideation (SSI). There was a significantly positive correlation between disease severity (YBOCS Score) and degree of suicidal ideation (SIS Score).
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Limited data is available for family burden in anxiety disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), particularly from the developing world where families are the primary source of support for patients. AIM: To compare family burden in patients with OCD and schizophrenia in an Indian setting and to examine the influence of caregivers' demographics, patients' illness severity and disability on family burden. METHOD: This comparative cross-sectional study assessed family burden in key relatives of patients with OCD (n = 50) and schizophrenia (n = 30) respectively. RESULTS: Indian families experience significant degrees of burden in the care of their relatives with OCD and schizophrenia. Key relatives' demographic characteristics did not influence burden severity. Illness severity and patients' disability had a direct positive relationship with perceived family burden. CONCLUSION: Indian families of patients with OCD experience burden comparable to that of families of patients with schizophrenia. There is a need to develop local needs-based support programmes for families of patients with psychiatric disorders in India.
Subject(s)
Mental Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder , Schizophrenia , Adolescent , Adult , Catchment Area, Health , Cross-Sectional Studies , Demography , Disability Evaluation , Female , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Hospitals, Psychiatric/statistics & numerical data , Humans , India/epidemiology , Male , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/diagnosis , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/epidemiology , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/rehabilitation , Prevalence , Schizophrenia/diagnosis , Schizophrenia/epidemiology , Schizophrenia/rehabilitation , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultABSTRACT
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is frequently associated with comorbid Axis I disorders. Little data are available from the Indian subcontinent. Recent studies have raised the possibility of different characteristics of Indian patients with OCD. Furthermore, very few studies have compared OCD with comorbid Axis I disorders with pure OCD. This cross-sectional exploratory study was carried out with the objective of studying Axis I comorbidity in OCD in an Indian setting. It also aimed to compare OCD with comorbid Axis I disorder vs pure OCD on multiple parameters. Fifty-four patients with OCD (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition) were included in the present study. Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition-I was used to assess Axis I comorbidity. The patients were evaluated on different standardized scales measuring obsessive-compulsive, anxiety, and depressive symptomatology. Axis I comorbidity was seen in 64.8% of the sample. The most common comorbid disorders were depression (38.88%), panic disorder (7.40%), and phobias (7.40%). No significant differences were observed on sociodemographic variables, but on psychopathological scales, the OCD complicated with Axis I disorders subgroup scored higher except in the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale compulsion subscale. Frequency and pattern of Axis I comorbidity in OCD in an Indian setting are not different from the rest of the world. Long-term prospective multicenter epidemiological studies are required to understand the development and influence of comorbidity in OCD.
