ABSTRACT
The intratype characteristics of 219 strains of polioviruses isolated in Ukraine in 1982-1994 from infectious patients including those with poliomyelitis, healthy persons and from the environment objects (sewage, water of open reservoirs, drinking water, food products) are presented. It was shown that 38.35% of strains isolated from people and 15.12%--from abiotic objects possessed virulent properties, i.e., the long-term use of the live poliomyelitis vaccine has not stopped circulation of virulent polioviruses.
Subject(s)
Poliovirus/classification , Environmental Microbiology , Humans , Oligonucleotide Probes , Poliomyelitis/virology , Poliovirus/genetics , Poliovirus/isolation & purification , Poliovirus/pathogenicity , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Ukraine , VirulenceABSTRACT
One hundred and fifty nucleotide-long VP1/2A junction regions were sequenced in the RNAs of 19 strains isolated in 1990-1991 from patients with paralytic poliomyelitis in different regions of the former USSR. On the basis of the alignments of these sequenced RNAs, four pairs of 19-25 base-long oligodeoxynucleotide PCR primers were designed capable of detecting polio RNAs in isolated strains and of discriminating between polio genotypes. PCR with 520 polio virus strains isolated from patients, normal subjects, and environmental objects showed 428 of these strains to be related to Sabin's vaccine strains, whereas the rest were referred to A (30), T (24), and G (1) genotypes of serotype 1 and to C-genotype (37) of serotype 3. The designed primers were highly specific and did not cross-react between themselves and with primers specific for Sabin's vaccine strains in PCR.
Subject(s)
Poliovirus/isolation & purification , Base Sequence , Capsid/genetics , Capsid Proteins , DNA Primers , Genotype , Humans , Molecular Sequence Data , Poliovirus/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Russia , Sequence Homology, Nucleic AcidABSTRACT
An outbreak of viral hepatitis B at a sugar refinery in the Ukraine was verified by the detection of HBs antigens and IgM antibodies to hepatitis A virus in the radioimmunoassay. Cases of hepatitis E among workers, employed mainly in heat-treatment departments, appeared due to mass contamination of water mains with sewage water from the residential zone in the presence of a few cases of the disease.
Subject(s)
Hepatitis E/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Biomarkers/blood , Child , Disease Reservoirs , Female , Hepatitis A Virus, Human/immunology , Hepatitis Antibodies/blood , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood , Hepatitis E/immunology , Hepatitis E/transmission , Humans , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Ukraine/epidemiology , Water MicrobiologySubject(s)
Enterovirus Infections/epidemiology , Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infections/epidemiology , Camping , Child , Enterovirus/isolation & purification , Enterovirus Infections/etiology , Enterovirus Infections/microbiology , Humans , Seasons , Ukraine/epidemiology , Water Microbiology , Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/isolation & purification , Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infections/etiology , Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infections/microbiologyABSTRACT
Correlation has been revealed between the circulation of polioviruses among the population and environmental objects. A rise in the circulation of polioviruses, type I, was caused by a decrease in collective immunity to this virus type. Water supply and sewage system purification was found ineffective with respect to enteroviral contamination. Vaccinal prophylaxis, carried out for many years, did not lead to the elimination of poliovirus strains, genetically different from vaccine ones.
