[Microflora of the upper respiratory tract in young children under normal conditions and in respiratory tract diseases. Microbial count of the upper respiratory tract in healthy children and in children with pneumonia]. / Mikroflora verkhnikh dykhatel'nykh putei u detei rannego vozrasta v norme i pri zabolevaniiakh organov dykhaniia. Obsemenennost' razlichnykh urovnei verkhnikh dykhatel'nykh putei u zdorovykh i bol'nykh pnevmoniei detei.

The results of the inoculation of material taken from the anterior section of the nasal cavity and from the pharyngeal mucosa of 50 healthy young children and 298 acute pneumonia patients were analyzed. 23 microbial species were isolated. In the samples taken from the anterior section of the nasal cavity, monocultures were detected in 86 samples and 54 variants of associations including 2-4 species, in 139 samples. In the samples taken from the pharynx, monocultures were detected in 59 samples and 180 variants of associations including 2-6 species, in 282 samples. Differences in the contamination of the nasal cavity and the pharynx in healthy children and in pneumonia patients were revealed. These differences were manifested in the structure of the microflora (monocultures, associations, their composition), the assortment of microbial species and their concentration. In young children with pneumonia the microflora of the upper respiratory tract was found to reflect the severity of acute pneumonia and the intensity of the pathological process in the lungs (uncomplicated, pyodestructive pneumonia, pyodestructive pneumonia with fatal termination, acute purulent pleurisy).

[Characteristics of the composition of the causative agents of different forms of suppurative inflammatory diseases and their antibiotic sensitivity]. / Osobennosti sostava vozbuditelei razlichnykh form gnoino-vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii i ikh antibiotikochuvstvitel'nost'.

Antibiotic sensitivity of 466 clinical strains of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms isolated from patients with different forms of pyoinflammatory diseases was studied. Most of the staphylococcal isolates were resistant to benzylpenicillin (74.3 per cent). The number of the isolates resistant to erythromycin amounted to 59.6 per cent. The respective figures for methicillin and dicloxacillin were 17.9 and 10.8 per cent. Staphylococci resistant to new aminoglycosides, fusidin and rifampicin were rare. It was shown that. P. aeruginosa preserved its sensitivity to the majority of the antipseudomonas antibiotics. Among Enterobacteriaceae the highest levels of antibiotic resistance were observed in Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Serratia and Klebsiella. Significant variation in the isolation frequency of different microbial species and in the proportion of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria in the hospital departments was observed. It was noted that gram-negative causative agents predominated in the departments of chest and abdominal surgery, anesthesiology, intensive care and urology.

[Characteristics of nonspecific resistance in children with lung diseases due to opportunistic microflora]. / Kharakteristika pokazatelei nespetsificheskoi rezistentnosti u detei s zabolevaniiami legkikh, vyzvannymi uslovno-patogennoi mikrofloroi.

Acute destructive pneumonia in children was found to be complicated by acute pleural empyema (APE) on days 3-21 of the disease. The time of the development of this complication depended on the state of the nonspecific resistance of the body: the greater was the degree of deficiency as manifested by cell-mediated and humoral immunity indices, the earlier developed APE. Staphylococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected the pleural cavity of children under the conditions of essentially decreased phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, C'H50 and one of the classes of immunoglobulin. The reaction of the body to staphylococci and P. aeruginosa took its course after the type of primary or secondary immune response, depending on the time of infection.

[Pathogenicity of clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. / O patogennosti klinicheskikh shtammov Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The study of 208 Ps. aeruginosa clinical strains, introduced intraperitoneally into white mice, revealed the statistically significant prevalence of pathogenic cultures (87.5--100%). The pathogenic strains of Ps. aeruginosa were found to have statistically significant differences in their cultural and biochemical properties depending on the kind of clinical material: the strains isolated from blood formed mucoid colonies, the zones of hemolysis and thermolabile or thermostable alkaline phosphatase, and typing could be made in 100% of the isolated cultures; the strains isolated from material of closed cavities formed mucoid colonies and the zones of hemolysis; the pathogenic strains isolated from material of open cavities showed only a tendency towards greater activity in the formation of extracellular sline and greater capacity for the formation of clarification zones on yolk agar as compared with nonpathogenic cultures.

[Serotype characteristics of clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. / Kharakteristika serotipov klinicheskikh shtammov Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

A total of 348 P. aeroginosa strains isolated from patients with pulmonary and pleural diseases were studied, and 87% of the test showed the possibility of their serotyping with the use of group-specific agglutinating antisera. Serogroups II, III, IV were found to be prevalent among the strains isolated from patients with bronchopulmonary pathological states. Correlations between definite groups of P. aeroginosa in their sensitivity to antibiotics were established; thus, the cultures belonging the serogroups II, III, IV were found to be more sensitive to tetracycline annd chloramphenicol than the culture belonging to other serogroups.