Charles Boyd Kelsey (1850-1917). The pioneer of rectal surgery in USA.

Charles Boyd Kelsey (1850-1917) was a pioneer rectal surgeon. His surgical career was dedicated in the surgery of the rectum, anus, hemorrhoids, and pelvis. He invented also surgical instruments. He managed to be recognized as a pioneer of Rectal surgery not only in America but worldwide. He was a prolific writer and a famous teacher.

The Facial Artery as a Branch of the External Carotid Artery in Thomas Turner's (1793-1873) Treatise on the Arterial System (1825) and a Comparison with Modern Anatomy.

The aim of the present paper is to contribute to the understanding of the history of the anatomical study of the facial artery. The facial artery plays a fundamental role in the study of the anatomy of the face, and in maxillofacial and vascular surgery. The debate on the understating of this vessel is essential in the educational process, with special focus on the historical development of topographical and descriptive ideas about it. The comparison between the study of facial artery in the work of Thomas Turner (1793-1873) and modern anatomical concepts serves as an excellent educational paradigm. The documentary research method was used this short historical survey. CONCLUSION: Thomas Turner laid the scientific foundation for the accurate anatomical study of the facial artery.

Rectal seed bezoar due to sunflower seed: a case report and review of the literature.

Seed bezoars are a subcategory of phytobezoars, caused by consumption of indigestible vegetable or fruit seeds. We present the case of a 64-year-old male patient, who presented at the Emergency Department, complaining of constipation, tenesmus and rectal pain. History and digital examination revealed a rectal seed bezoar due to sunflower seeds, impacted in the lower rectum. The patient underwent manual disimpaction under general anaesthesia, after conservative measures failed. Seed bezoars represent a different pathophysiological process compared to fibre bezoars. They are usually found in the rectum of patients without predisposing factors, causing constipation and anorectal pain. History taking and digital rectal examination are the cornerstones of diagnosis, with manual disimpaction under general anaesthesia being the procedure of choice.