ABSTRACT
Functional vision is the visual ability of patients with visual disorders when they participate in or complete daily activities, through early evaluation and targeted treatment, the improvement of disease prognosis can be realized. In this paper, the concept of functional vision was introduced, the evaluation content, scoring method and application status of functional vision evaluation tools for patients with visual disorders were described, and the analysis and comparison of the characteristics and shortcomings of each evaluation tool were carried out.Thus providing appropriate functional vision evaluation tools for medical staff in China and providing reference for improving the quality of functional vision evaluation for patients with visual disorders.
ABSTRACT
SARS-CoV-2 has been spreading rapidly since 2019 and has produced large-scale mutations in the genomes. The mutation in genes may lead to changes in protein structure, which would have a great impact on the epidemiological characteristics. In this study, we selected the key mutations of SARS-CoV-2 from a real-time monitoring tool, including D614G, A222V, N501Y, T716I, S982A, D1118H of spike (S) protein, and performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on single-site mutant D614G, double-site mutant D614G&A222V and penta-site mutant N501Y&D614G&T716I&S982A&D1118H to investigate their effects on protein structure and stability using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results suggested that D614G improved the stability of S protein, while D614G&A222V and N501Y&D614G&T716I&S982A&D1118H showed an increased solvent accessible surface area and they might enhance the ability of protein to react with the outside environment. Our findings could complement the mechanistic link between genotype--phenotype--epidemiological characteristics in the study of SARS-CoV-2. We also found no significant difference between the antigenicity of S protein and the mutants through Ellipro, which may reference for vaccine development and application.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the classification characteristics of nurses ′ perception of management care in tertiary Class A hospital in Tianjin and the differences in demographic characteristics among different categories, and provide reference for care managers to provide targeted care intervention. Methods:Totally 456 nurses from 6 tertiary Class A hospitals in Tianjin were selected by convenience sampling way from May to July 2020, and carried out surveys through the online questionnaire star platform. The content included general subject and the Chinese version of Caring Assessment Tool-administration Scale.Results:According to nurse management care perception totally 456 nurses were divided into 4 Latent groups: low decision-making respect and low care group (C1) 20.5% (94/456), moderate decision-making respect and high care group (C2) 35.6% (162/456), high decision-making respect and low care group (C3) 18.9% (85/456), high decision-making respect and high-care group (C4) 25.0% (115/456). Single factor analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the distribution difference of different categories of nurses in departments, working years, department atmosphere and family support ( χ2 values were 19.119-55.947, P<0.01). Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that departments, working years, department atmosphere had an effect on the level of nurses management, care and perception ( P<0.05 or 0.01). Specifically, nurses in the internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology and intensive care unit were more close to C2 group ( OR values were 2.435, 5.224, 22.291, P<0.05 or 0.01); nurses in the surgery were more close to C4 group ( OR values were 4.146, P<0.01); nurses with seniority of≤5 years were more close to C1 and C2 groups ( OR values were 0.326, 3.811, P<0.05 or 0.01); nurses with ordinary atmosphere were more close to C1 group ( OR value was 0.057, P<0.01). Conclusions:Nurses ′perception of management care is in the upper middle level, which can be divided into four potential categories. Nurses who are in the surgical department with high seniority or harmonious atmosphere or supportive families have good perception of management care; nurses who are in the department of internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, intensive care unit or a department with ordinary atmosphere or low seniority have an average level of management, care and perception, which need to be improved. Care managers could formulate targeted care management measures according to the characteristics of different categories of nurses.