A survey of Indonesian nurses' educational experiences and self-perceived capability to care for people with intellectual disability and/or autism spectrum disorder.

AIMS: To describe Indonesian nurses' educational experience regarding care for people with intellectual disability and/or autism and to explore if these educational experiences are associated with their self-perceived confidence, comfort, knowledge and preparedness to care for these cohorts. DESIGN: Cross-sectional descriptive survey. METHODS: A descriptive survey tool utilized in a study of Australian registered nurses was replicated and adapted for this study. Following descriptive analysis, chi-square analyses were undertaken to explore associations between educational experiences, and self-rated measures of confidence, comfort and knowledge to work with people with intellectual disability and/or autism. Although there was no end-user involvement in the design of the study, the concepts explored have all been raised by those with lived insights of intellectual disability and/or autism as being critical to their healthcare experiences. RESULTS: There were 544 complete responses, and 51.7% were not exposed to any educational or clinical content relevant to caring for people with intellectual disability and/or autism. Moderate to low levels of self-perceived confidence, comfort, knowledge and preparedness to address healthcare needs of these cohorts were reported. Significant associations were identified between educational and clinical experiences during undergraduate training, and higher levels of self-perceived confidence, comfort and knowledge. CONCLUSION: Mirroring international literature, the findings of this study highlight a large proportion of Indonesian nurses had little educational experience relevant to caring for people with intellectual disability and/or autism, and have relatively low levels of self-reported capability. IMPACT: This study highlights gaps in the educational experiences, and self-perceived confidence, comfort, knowledge and preparedness of Indonesian nurses regarding caring for people with intellectual disability and/or autism. Given that internationally, people with intellectual disability and/or autism have disproportionately negative health outcomes and experiences, these findings have substantial implications for nursing curriculum, policy and professional development.

Family concern: Facilitating self-management of patients undergoing hemodialysis

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to describe the experience of patients in self-managing. METHOD: Phenomenology design was used in this study. Fifhteen of families who have family member which undergoing hemodialysis were recruited as participants. In-depth interviews were conducted at April to July 2018 to explore of the experiences of family in patients' self-managing. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi. RESULT: We found four themes of patients'self-management which reported by their family. There themes were (1) having positive and negative views on life changes after undergoing hemodialysis, (2) spirit for undergoing the process of hemodialysis, (3) controlling the activity and (4) limitation of food while undergoing hemodialysis and patient's expectations during hemodialysis. CONCLUSION: Self-management of patients who receive hemodialysis includes self-management in physical form (controlling activities and food restrictions) and psychological (views on life changes and life zest)

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Family support for persons with schizophrenia after physical restraint and confinement

OBJECTIVE: Family support is a substantial aspect in the convalescence process of people with schizophrenia. The study aims to explore the family support of persons in the wake of physical restraint or confinement. METHOD: The study used a qualitative study with phenomenology approach. Purposive sampling technique was used to select participants who were diagnosed of schizophrenia and have experienced physical restraint and confinement. The data was obtained through in-depth interviews with ten participants. The data were analyzed by using the Colaizzi's method. RESULTS: The family as the source of support is needed by the patient daily to complete their healing process. The study identified three themes, namely: (1) supervision of taking medication, (2) providing continuity and optimized care, and (3) empowering people with schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: Family support is very important for people with severe mental illness. Psychiatric nurses need to assist families to scale up support for people with schizophrenia

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Use of King's theory to improve diabetics self-care behavior

OBJECTIVE: Was to analyze the perception and self-care behavior of diabetic patients by using a nurse-patient transaction model based on the King's theory of the goal attainment. METHOD: Descriptive analytical study design was used in this study. Fifty diabetics patients who met the inclusion criteria were recruited from three health center in Medan. Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) and the assessment tool base on King's theory of goal attainment were used to measure of perception and self-care behavior. Distribution and frequentation were completed to describe perception and self-care behavior of diabetic patients. RESULTS: There were 46% patients perceived that they are healthy, even though most of them have experienced complications. Most of the patients (98-100%) reported that interaction with others is needed to maintain their health. The following was a description of the patient's decision making related to diabetes 88% of the patients did before illness. The majority of respondents communicate and convey diabetes problems faced to the family (86-90%). The patient's transaction 96% want to discuss with nurses and doctors for treatment programs and therapy information (98%). CONCLUSION: The nurse-patient transactions model based on King's could be appropriate to improve perception and self-care behavior of diabetic patients aged 21-59 years old in the primary care unit

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