ABSTRACT
The metabolic effects of honey - alone or combined with other foods - were investigated in type II diabetics using 2 protocols: A) 33 g honey and 50 g bread (same amounts of carbohydrate) were given on alternate days to 12 patients. Blood levels of glucose, insulin and triglycerides were determined in venous samples before and every 30 min after meal ingestion (for a total of 3h). Areas under glucose curves were equal, although honey - compared to bread - resulted in higher blood sugar concentrations at 30 min (p less than 0.01) and lower at 90 min (p less than 0.05). B) Another 19 type II diabetics consumed on separate days 3 different meals: H (30 g honey), HA (30 g honey, 100 g almonds), HB (30 g honey, 125 g cheese, 10 g bread, 10 g butter). HA and HB contained the same amount of fat, but were different in fiber. No significant differences in the areas under glucose curves were observed. However, meal H produced earlier hyperglycemia than HA and HB (30 min: p less than 0.01). Insulin levels were higher after HB compared to H (p less than 0.05). Meals HA and HB were followed by higher triglyceride levels than H (p less than 0.05). It is concluded that: 1) honey and bread produce similar degrees of hyperglycemia in type II diabetics. 2) Fat-rich foods added to honey do not alter the total hyperglycemic effect but result in higher triglyceride and insulin serum concentrations.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Dietary Carbohydrates , Honey , Adult , Aged , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Bread , Female , Humans , Insulin/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Triglycerides/bloodABSTRACT
Miglitol (Bay m 1099), a deoxynojirimycin derivative, is a new glucosidase inhibitor. The possible hypoglycemic effect of this new product was tested in 12 volunteer noninsulin-dependent diabetics (NIDDs) in a double-blind crossover acute study. The patients twice received a test meal (1554 kJ including 34 g carbohydrates), once with placebo and on another day with a 50-mg tablet of Bay m 1099. A wash-out period of 2 to 7 days separated the test days. Venous blood samples were collected before and every 30 min for a total of 3 h after the drug administration. Mean blood sugar values were in general lower after the meal + Bay m 1099 than the meal + placebo. The differences were statistically significant at the 60- and 90-min time intervals (8.43 versus 11.17 and 9.24 versus 11.59 mmol/l, respectively, p less than 0.05). No flatulence, diarrhea or other untoward effects were observed. Furthermore no changes in serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, haemoglobin, white blood count and differential counts were noted. Thus, in a one-day study 50 mg of Bay m 1099 reduced the postprandial hyperglycemia in NIDDs. No signs of any acute renal, liver and blood toxicity were observed.