Humanization, Adaptation to Change, and Mental Health in Teachers in Three European Countries / Humanización, adaptación al cambio y salud mental en docentes de tres países europeos

Background: The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between humanization, adaptability to change, and mental health in European teachers (Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian teachers), as well as the relationship between humanization and mental health in teachers through the analysis of the mediating role of adaptability to change. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with teachers from three European countries (Spain, n = 263; Portugal, n = 344; and Italy, n = 287). The Healthcare Professional Humanization Scale (HUMAS), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), and the Adaptation to Change Questionnaire (ADAPTA-10) were administered. Results: In all three countries, negative associations were observed between humanization and the presence of problematic symptoms. With respect to the adaptability to change factors, humanization showed negative associations with the emotional factor and positive associations with the cognitive-behavioral factor. Comparative mean analysis revealed differences in humanization, the emotional factor of adaptability to change, and the presence of problematic symptoms. Finally, the mediation models showed the absence of a direct effect in the relationship between humanization and the presence of GHQ-28 symptomatology when it was mediated by the emotional factor (Spanish and Portuguese sample). In the Italian sample, the direct effect of humanization-GHQ-28 symptomatology was significant, with a smaller proportion of the indirect effect of the emotional factor acting as a mediator. On the other hand, when considering the cognitive-behavioral factor as a mediator, the same result was obtained for all three countries: a negative direct effect between humanization and GHQ-28 symptomatology, with no mediation by the cognitive-behavioral factor. Conclusions: The need to improve training in humanization competencies lies in the potential protective function that these competencies can have ... (AU)

Antecedentes: El objetivo del trabajo fue explorar la relación entre humanización, capacidad de adaptación al cambio y salud mental en docentes europeos (españoles, portugueses e italianos) y la relación entre humanización y salud mental en docentes mediante el análisis del rol mediador de la capacidad de adaptación al cambio. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con docentes de tres países europeos (España, n = 263, Portugal, n = 344 e Italia, n = 287). Se administró la Healthcare Professional Humanization Scale (HUMAS), el General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) y el Cuestionario de Adaptación al Cambio (ADAPTA-10). Resultados: En los tres países se obervó una asociación negativa entre humanización y la presencia de sintomatología problemática. Con los factores de adaptación al cambio la humanización presentó una asociación negativa con el factor emocional y positiva con el cognitivo-conductual. Del análisis comparativo de medias se obtuvieron diferencias en humanización, el factor emocional de adaptación al cambio y la presencia de sintomatología problemática. Finalmente, los modelos de mediación mostraron la ausencia de un efecto directo en la relación entre humanización y la presencia de sintomatología GHQ-28 cuando esta se encontraba mediada por el factor emocional (muestra española y portuguesa). En la muestra italiana fue significativo el efecto directo de la humanización-sintomatología GHQ-28, con menor proporción del efecto indirecto del factor emocional actuando este como mediador. Por otro lado, tomando como mediador el factor cognitivo-conductual, se obtuvo el mismo resultado para los tres países: un efecto directo negativo entre la humanización y la sintomatología GHQ-28, no estando este mediado por el factor cognitivo-conductual. Conclusiones: La necesidad de mejorar la formación en competencias de humanización reside en la potencial función protectora que pueden ejercer sobre la salud mental de los docentes. (AU)

Emotional Intelligence Profiles and Mobbing in Nursing: The Mediating Role of Social Support and Sensitivity to Anxiety.

The prevalence of mobbing among nurses in various countries is around 17-20%. Some researchers have attempted to explain the success or failure of adaptation to the work environment and teamwork and to buffer the effects of psychological harassment in the workplace by incorporating emotional intelligence into the mobbing context. As its main objectives, this quantitative, observational, cross-sectional study analyzed the relationship between emotional intelligence and mobbing as perceived by nurses and sought to establish the mediating roles of other variables involved, such as social support and sensitivity to anxiety. The final sample consisted of 1357 Spanish, self-selected nurses aged 22-58 from multiple healthcare institutions. The questionnaires (Perceived Psychological Harassment Questionnaire, The Brief Emotional Intelligence Inventory, Brief Perceived Social Support Questionnaire, Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3) were implemented on a web platform, which enabled the participants to complete them online. Descriptive analyses and mediation models were estimated. Personal characteristics related to high sensitivity to anxiety and low emotional intelligence implied greater presence of mobbing at work. This mobbing may be buffered if the person perceives enough support from family, friends or significant others. Our results recommend reinforcing the social support network of nursing personnel to improve the work climate and training them in emotional intelligence in university and on-the-job programs.

Study of Cyberbullying among Adolescents in Recent Years: A Bibliometric Analysis.

In recent years, cyberbullying has been recognized as a severe public health problem and is drawing growing interest. The objective of this study was to perform a bibliometric analysis of the scientific production on adolescent cyberbullying in the last decade. A search for publications was made in the Web of Science database, where the 1530 documents identified were analyzed with BibExcel software and visualized using the Pajek and VOSviewer tools. The predominant language in the publications was English, followed by Spanish. The publication rate was shown to have increased in recent years. The journal "Computers in Human Behavior" had the highest production. The repercussion of new technologies on this phenomenon has been felt, and research groups have enlarged their production in response to the problem. A systematic review and/or meta-analysis examining the contents of the studies identified and the variables related to this problem is therefore necessary. This could identify a point of reference for research in this field and a basis for future reviews of its development and progress over time.

Emotional Intelligence and Academic Engagement in Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem.

BACKGROUND: Academic engagement is a variable of vital importance in adolescence due to its relationship with academic adjustment and its protective role against risk behaviors. Therefore, the objective of this study was to find out the variables involved in its development. OBJECTIVE: The specific objectives were to analyze the relationship between emotional intelligence, self-esteem and academic engagement, and determine the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between emotional intelligence and engagement in adolescence. METHODS: The sample of 1287 high school students used for this filled in the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale Student, Brief Emotional Intelligence Inventory and the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale. RESULTS: The results showed the existence of positive relationships between vigor, dedication and absorption with the emotional intelligence factors and self-esteem. Furthermore, the mediation models showed the direct effect of emotional intelligence on engagement of youths. Self-esteem acted as a mediator in the relationship between intrapersonal factors, stress management and adaptability of emotional intelligence and engagement. CONCLUSION: Design of emotional intelligence intervention programs are recommended as a measure for promoting self-esteem and engagement in adolescence.

Moral Sensitivity, Empathy and Prosocial Behavior: Implications for Humanization of Nursing Care.

Humanization of nursing is related to certain social and moral variables. Moral sensitivity, empathy, and prosocial behavior help understand a situation and make decisions that benefit the patient. The objective of this study is to find out how these variables are related, and define the differences in moral sensitivity, empathy, and prosocial behavior in humanization of nursing. We also analyzed the mediating role of empathy in the relationship between moral sensitivity and prosocial behavior. The sample was made up of 330 Spanish nurses aged 22 to 56, who completed the HUMAS Scale and adapted versions of the Basic Empathy Scale, the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire, and the Prosocial Behavior Scale. Descriptive analyses, bivariate correlations and multiple mediation models were calculated. The results found significantly different mean scores between all the groups in responsibility and moral strength, cognitive empathy, and prosocial behavior, and in moral burden, the differences were in the high-humanization-score group compared to the low-score group. Furthermore, the mediation models showed the mediating effect of cognitive empathy between the responsibility, strength, and moral burden factors on prosocial behavior, but not of affective empathy. The study concluded that humanization in nursing is closely related to moral sensitivity, cognitive empathy, and prosocial behavior. This facilitates a helping, caring, and understanding attitude toward patient needs, but without the affective flooding that affective empathy can lead to.

Relationship Between Impulsivity, Sensation-Seeking, and Drug Use in Aggressors and Victims of Violence.

Introduction: The impulsivity, sensation-seeking, and drug use variables, in addition to being closely related, have repercussions on peer conflict and violence in schools. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between impulsivity, sensation-seeking, and drug use in aggressors and victims of violence. Methods: The study design was cross-sectional and observational. The study sample was made up of 822 students aged 13-18 who had completed an ad hoc questionnaire, the State Impulsivity Scale and the Sensation-Seeking Scale. Results: The results showed that the aggressors had high levels of gratification, automatism, attentional factor, disinhibition, and susceptibility to boredom and used alcohol and/or tobacco. Conclusion: The design of an effective education intervention for reducing risk behaviors related to violence must focus on these variables.

Published Research on Burnout in Nursing in Spain in the Last Decade: Bibliometric Analysis.

Scientific production in the last decades has evidenced an increase in burnout syndrome in healthcare professionals. The objective of this bibliometric study was to analyze scientific productions on burnout in nurses in 2009-2019. A search was made on the Web of Science database on burnout in nursing. The variables evaluated were number of publications per year, productivity based on the journal and relationships between authors. Data were analyzed using Bibexcel software, and Pajek was used to visualize the co-authorship network map. A total of 1528 publications related to burnout in nurses were identified. The years with the most productivity were 2016 to 2017, when the publication rate increased noticeably over previous years. The Spanish journal with the most production on the subject was Atención Primaria. The co-authorship network analyzed illustrated collaboration patterns among the researchers. Scientific publications on the subject have increased in recent years due to problems in the healthcare system, which is in need of prevention and intervention programs for healthcare professionals.

Mindfulness in Family Caregivers of Persons with Dementia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Social and healthcare problems associated with dementia not only affect those who suffer from this disease, but their caregivers as well. The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficacy of mindfulness intervention on psychological variables of caregivers of persons with dementia. A search for scientific articles published from 2000 to 2019 in the PubMed, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases found a total of 282 articles. After screening with preestablished inclusion criteria, ten studies with participation of 161 caregivers remained for the meta-analysis. The results were significant in favor of mindfulness intervention for the variables studied with a standardized difference of mean of 0.71 at a 95% CI, 0.71 (0.52, 0.89); p ≤ 0.00001. Heterogeneity of the studies included was moderate (I2 = 40%). The main conclusion suggested by empirical evidence was that mindfulness intervention seems to be effective for the variables analyzed. However, continued in-depth study of this subject is recommended.