Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated uveitis in India - A case series.

PURPOSE: To report the uveitic manifestations of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of all SLE cases with ocular manifestations seen by a single ophthalmologist between 2015 and December 2021. RESULTS: In total, seven patients with a median age of 40 (range 18-50) years were included in the study. Female (85.7%) predominance was noted. Ocular findings were bilateral in 71% (five patients) of cases. Majority (10 eyes, 83%) of the patients had retinal vasculitis as the common finding. Antinuclear antibodies were positive in all the patients. The vision improved in two (16.6%) eyes, was stable in eight (66%) eyes, and worsened in one (8%) eye. All the patients were treated with oral steroids along with immunosuppressive agents. CONCLUSION: Though SLE is rare cause of uveitis, it can be associated with significant ocular morbidity. Hence, early diagnosis and treatment can salvage vision in many cases.

Endogenous endophthalmitis in post-COVID-19 patients: a case report.

Ocular involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be due to direct viral invasion or indirectly due to an immunosuppressed state. Prolonged hospitalization also makes them susceptible to various secondary infections. The purpose of this case report is to report two rare cases of endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) in COVID-19 recovered patients. Case presentation: Two patients who were hospitalized and received treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia with remdesivir and systemic steroids presented with decreased vision. The first case had a severe anterior chamber reaction with a hypopyon and dense exudates in the vitreous. The second case had cells and flare in the anterior chamber and exudates in the vitreous. They were diagnosed with EE and underwent a diagnostic vitreous tap followed by pars plana vitrectomy and intravitreal antibiotic and steroid. The culture of vitreous fluid was negative for any bacteria and fungus in both cases. However, the first case demonstrated Escherichia coli in urine culture. The follow-up visual acuity was no perception of light and only perception of light in the first and second case, respectively. Clinical discussion: Severe COVID-19 patients who are hospitalized, receive systemic steroid and have associated comorbidities like diabetes mellitus are at high risk of EE. Conclusion: Delay in diagnosis and appropriate treatment in these patients leads to poor visual outcome.